Ingestion of foods or fluids contaminated with

Salmonella typhi bacteria.

Bacteria enter the stomach and survive a pH

as low as 1.5

Bacteria invades the Payer’s patches of the

intestinal wall in the small intestine where it
attach (incubation period is first 7-14 days
after ingestion).

Bacteria will then injects toxin known as the effector protein s into the
intestinal cells and interrupts with the cellular proteins and lipids and Perforation and destruction of mucosal
manipulate their function resulting in phagocytization of the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall can lead to
cell membrane until it is engulf down into the inferior part of the host persistent inflammation.
cells where macrophages is present.

Ulceration and bleeding in the mucosal

Macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells then attract T lining and leads to necrosis
cells and neutrophils with interleukin 8 (causing
inflammation of the intestinal wall).

Tissue damage and inflammation causes

The bacteria is within the macrophages and survives loss of absorption due to damaged villi
causing an increase in water, electrolytes,
mucus, blood, and serum to be pulled into
Bacteria spread via the lymphatics while inside the the intestine
macrophages
Abdominal spasm is induced to limit
mucosal injury adding in stimulation of
The bacteria induced macrophage apoptosis, breaking increased peristalsis
out into the bloodstream and causes systemic infection.

Typhoid Fever