Adhesive Technology Amp Formulations Technology Bo PDF

ADHESIVE
TECHNOLOGY
AND FORMULATIONS HAND BOOK
(HAND BOOK OF ADHESIVES)
Written By :
EIRI Consultants and Engineers
© Copy Reserved by Sudhir Gupta, Delhi
ISBN : 978-81-86732-80-9
4449, Nai Sarak, Main Road, Delhi-110 006 (India)

E-Mail : eiritechnology@gmail.com
Click Here To Buy This Book Online
Preface
The book Adhesive Technology and Formulations Hand Book covers
almost all the basic and advanced details to setup own Gums and Adhesive
Unit. The new edition of the book is covering latest methods including
Introduction, Historical Development of Adhesives and Adhesive Bonding,
Types of Adhesives, Emulsion and Dispersion Adhesives, Testing of Adhesives,
Protein Adhesives for Wood, Hot Melt Adhesives, Animal Glues and Adhesives,
Polyvinyl Acetate/Alcohol Based Adhesives, Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate
Copolymers, Polyvinyl Acetal Adhesives, Silicone Adhesives, Epoxide
Adhesives, Polyester Adhesives, Furane Adhesives, Phenolic Resin Adhesives,
Cellulose Derivative Adhesives, Epoxy Polyurethane Adhesives,
Polyisocyanate/Polyurethane Adhesive, Amino (Urea & Melamine)
Formaldehyde Adhesives, Paper, Board & Packaging Adhesives,
Remoistenable Adhesives, Gum Arabic etc. Adhesives, Footwear Applications
of Adhesives, High-Temperature Adhesives, Dispensing of Adhesives, Natural
Rubber–Based Adhesives, Polysulfied Sealants and Adhesives, Phenolic Resin
Adhesives, Urea–Formaldehyde Adhesives, Melamine–Formaldehyde
Adhesives, Polyurethane Adhesives, Unsaturated Polyester Adhesives,
Reactive Acrylic Adhesives, Technology of Cyanoacrylate Adhesives for
Industrial Assembly, Silicone Adhesives and Sealants, Epoxy Resin Adhesives,
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives, Adhesives in the Automotive Industry, Adhesive
Based on Vinyl Acetate, Printing Gums (Guar Gum Based), Leather Based
Adhesive, Latex Rubber Based Adhesive, Office Paste, Starch and Dextrin
Based Adhesive, Adhesive for Corrugation Dry Powder and Paste, Adhesive
(Different Type), Adhesive Industries (Laminated, Fevicol, Sticker DDL and
Other Types of Adhesive), Rubber Adhesive, Adhesive (Polyvinyl Butyral
Based), Self Adhesive Labels, Ester Gums (Food Grade), Vulcanizing Rubber
Solution/Cement for Automobile Tyres, Industrial Adhesive Based on Starch
Gum, Dextrin Silicate, Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Suppliers of Raw
Materials.
The book has been written for the benefit and to prove an asset and a
handy reference guide in the hands of new entrepreneurs and well established
industrialists.
Director
4449, Nai Sarak, Main Road, Delhi - 110 006 (INDIA)

E–Mail : eiritechnology@gmail.com
Website: http://www.eiriindia.org
Contents Cum-Subject Index

Chapter - 1 – Thermosetting
Adhesives ...............................16
INTRODUCTION .......................1-5 – Rubber Resin Blends ...........16
– Why adhesive Bonding .......... 1

Chapter - 4
– Advantages and
Disadvantages of EMULSION AND
Adhesive Bonding .................. 2 DISPERSION
– Advantages .............................. 2 ADHESIVES ......................... 20-23
– Disadvantages ........................ 3 – Type of Emulsion
– Ideal Adhesive ........................ 3 Adhesives .............................. 20
– Application area for – Setting Mechanism ............... 21
Adhesive Bonding ................... 4 – Methods of
Application ............................. 21
Chapter - 2
– Advantages and
HISTORICAL Limitations .............................. 22
DEVELOPMENT – Engineering
OF ADHESIVES AND Advantages ............................ 22
ADHESIVE BONDING ....... 6-13
– Engineering Design
– Introduction .............................. 6 with Adhesive ........................ 23
– Early History of Adhesives
Chapter - 5
and Sealants ............................ 6
– Modern Adhesives and TESTING OF
Sealants .................................... 9 ADHESIVES ......................... 24-58
Chapter - 3 – Introduction ............................ 24

– Standard Tests ....................... 24
TYPES OF ADHESIVES ......14-19
– Some Selected
– Physical Classification ..........14 Standards ............................... 26
– Chemical Classification ........15 – A Test for Adhesive
– Thermoplastic Joint Strength ........................ 27
Adhesives ...............................15 – Tensile Tests .......................... 27
Chapter Name Page No.
– Shear Tests ............................ 30 Chapter - 7

– Peel Tests ............................... 36
HOT MELT
– Environmental ADHESIVES ......................... 88-89
and Related
Considerations ...................... 38 – Introduction ............................ 88
– Fracture Mechanics – Composition .......................... 88
Techniques ............................ 47 – Advantage of Melt
Adhesives ...............................88
Chapter - 6
– Limitations of Melt
PROTEIN ADHESIVES Adhesives .............................. 89
FOR WOOD .......................... 59-87
– Application Methods .............89
– Introduction ............................ 59 – Use of Melt Adhesives ......... 89
– Soybean Adhesives ............. 61
– Raw Material Source Chapter - 8
and Preparation .................... 61
ANIMAL GLUES AND
– Formulation ............................ 62 ADHESIVES ....................... 90-112
– Mixing, Application,
– Introduction ............................ 90
and Pressing ......................... 65
– Chemical Composition ........ 91
– Blended Formulations ......... 68
– Types of Animal Glue ........... 93
– Soybean-Blood Glues ......... 68
– Manufacture of
– Soybean-Casein Animal Glue ........................... 94
Glues ....................................... 71
– Properties of
– Blood Glues ........................... 72 Animal Glues ......................... 95
– Raw Material Source – Grades And Testing .............. 97
and Preparation .................... 72 – Preparation of
– Formulation ............................ 74 Animal Glues ......................... 98
– Mixing, Application, – Flexible and
and Pressing ......................... 78 Nonwarp Glues ..................... 99
– Casein Glues ......................... 79 – Liquid Animal Glues ...........100
– Glue Application ................. 100
– Raw Material Sources
and Preparation .................... 79 – End Uses ............................. 102
– Formulation ........................... 80 – Bookbinding ........................ 102
– Mixing, Application, – Paper .................................... 104
and Pressing ..........................84 – Paper Converting ............... 105
– Other Proteins ........................86 – Abrasives ............................. 106
– Woodworking .......................107 Chapter - 11

– Matches ................................108
– Ore and Metal POLYVINYL ACETAL
Refining ................................109 ADHESIVES ..................122-128
– Gummed Tape ..................... 109
– Properties .......................... 122
– Miscellaneous
Applications .........................110 – Uses ...................................122
– Textiles ..................................110 – Plasticizers and
– Rubber Compounding ....... 110 Solvents .............................122
– Luggage and Case – Polyvinyl Butyral
Covering ...............................110 Adhesives ..........................123
– Gaskets .................................111 – Phenolic-Vinyl
– Glass Chipping ....................111 Butyral Adhesives ............123
– Other Applications ...............111 – Formulations .....................124
Chapter - 9 – Laminated Safety
Glass ..................................127
POLYVINYL ACETATE/
ALCOHOL BASED – Polyvinyl Formal
ADHESIVES .....................113-119 Adhesives ..........................127
– Polyvinyl Formal
– Polyvinyl Acetate Phenolic Adhesives .........127
Adhesives ............................ 113
– Formulation .......................128
– Properties .............................114
– Applications ......................... 114 Chapter - 12
– Formulations ........................ 115
– Fevicol-Type SILICONE
Adhesive ...............................115 ADHESIVES ..................129-132
– Polyvinyl (Alcohol) .............. 117
– Silicone Resins ................ 129
– Properties .............................118
– Applications ..........................118 – Silicone Rubbers ............. 130
– Formulations ........................119 – Expoxy Silicones ..............131
Chapter - 10 Chapter - 13
ETHYLENE-VINYL EPOXIDE
ACETATE
COPOLYMERS ................ 120-121 ADHESIVES ..................133-136
– Properties .............................121 – A Mine Hardeners ..............134

– Acid-Annydride – Resorcinol Formal-

Hardeners ............................135 dehyde Adhesives .............145
– Other Hardeners ................. 135 – Properties ............................146
– Applications ........................ 147
Chapter - 17
Chapter - 14
POLYESTER CELLULOSE DERIVATIVE
ADHESIVES ..................137-139 ADHESIVES ....................148-153
– Unsaturated Polyester – Cellulose Ester

Adhesives ............................137 Adhesives ........................... 149
– Properties ............................138 – Cellulose Nitrate
– Applications .........................138 Adhesives ........................... 149
– Applications ........................ 150
Chapter - 15 – Cellulose Caprate
Adhesives ........................... 150
FURANE
ADHESIVES ....................140-141 – Cellulose Acetate-
Butyrate Adhesives ........... 150
– Properties ............................140
– Cellulose Ether
– Applications ........................ 140 Adhesives ........................... 151
– Methyl Cellulose
Chapter - 16
Adhesives ........................... 151
PHENOLIC RESIN – Ethyl Cellulose
ADHESIVES ....................142-147 Adhesive ............................. 151
– Phenol-Formaldehy- – Other Cellulose
dehyde Resin Ether Adhesives .................152
Adhesives ............................142 – Fabric Lining
– Properties ............................142 Composition ........................153
– Applications ........................ 143
– Dry Glue Film ......................143 Chapter - 18
– Phenolic Baking EPOXY
Cement ................................144 POLYURETHANE
– Phenolic Resin ADHESIVES ....................154-155
Putty ......................................144
– Phenolic Resin Rubber – Epoxy-Phenolic
Cement ................................ 144 Adhesives ........................... 154
– One Component Chapter - 21

Adhesives ........................... 154
PAPER, BOARD &
– High Temperature PACKAGING
Adhesives ........................... 155 ADHESIVES ................... 164-177
– Selection of
Chapter - 19
Adhesives ........................... 164
POLYISOCYANATE/ – Laminated Papers ..............166
POLYURETHANE – Corrugated Board ..............168
ADHESIVE .......................156-159
– Book Binding
– Effectiveness of Polyiso- Adhesives ........................... 169
cyanate Adhesives ............ 156 – Paper Impregnate ..............171
– Isocyanate – Paper Bag and
Adhesives ........................... 157 Cartons ................................172
– Isocyanate-modified – Multiwall Bag seam
Adhesives ........................... 157 Past-Water Resistant .........173
– Polyurethane – Carton Sealing ................... 173
Adhesives ............................158 – Envelopes ........................... 174
Chapter - 20 – Self-Sealing Envelopes-

Adhesives ........................... 175
AMINO (UREA & – Stamps ................................ 176
MELAMINE)
– Labels ..................................176
FORMALDEHYDE
ADHESIVES ....................160-163
Chapter - 22
– Urea-Formaldehyda
REMOISTENABLE
Adhesives ........................... 160
ADHESIVES ................... 178-182
– Properties ........................... 160
– Formulation .........................178
– Applications ........................ 161
– Stamps ................................ 179
– Melamine Formaldehyde
Adhesives ........................... 161 – Labels ..................................179
– Properties ........................... 162 – Decalcoamnials ................. 180
– Applications ........................ 162 – Tapes ................................... 181

Chapter - 23 Chapter - 26
GUM ARABIC ETC. DISPENSING OF
ADHESIVES ....................183-184 ADHESIVES ................... 193-197
– Basic Dispensing
Chapter - 24 Principles ............................ 193
FOOTWEAR – Pressure Time
APPLICATIONS Controlled System ............. 194
OF ADHESIVES ..............185-189 – Static Pinch Valve ...............194
– Adhesives for Sole – Pressure Time Using
Attaching ............................. 186 Advancing Valve ................ 195
– Process – Pressure Time Using
Requirements .....................186 a Rotospray Unit ................ 195
– Development of Adhesive – Cartridge/Syringe
and Primers ........................ 187 Dispensers .......................... 195
– Solvent Hazards ................ 187 – Screen Printing of
Adhesives ........................... 196
– Adhesive for Ancillary
Operations .......................... 188 Chapter - 27
– Topline Folding .................. 188
NATURAL RUBBER–
– Linings ................................ 188
BASED
– Toe Puff and Heel ADHESIVES ....................198-202
Stiffener ............................... 189
– Introduction .........................198
– Lasting ................................ 189
– Latex Adhesives .................198
– Shank .................................. 189 – Solution Adhesives ........... 200
– Heel Covering .................... 189 – Pressure-Sensitive
Adhesive Tapes ................. 201
Chapter - 25
Chapter - 28
HIGH-TEMPERATURE
ADHESIVES ................... 190-192 POLYSULFIED
SEALANTS
– Introduction ......................... 190 AND ADHESIVES ......... 203-214
– Traditional Adhesives
– Introduction ........................ 203
Systems ...............................191
– Chemistry of Polysulfide
– Recent Development .........192 Polymers ............................. 204
– Preparation of – Chemistry and

Conventional Technology of
Polysulfide Polymers ......... 204 Application of Phenolic
Resin Adhesives for
– Modified Polysulfide .......... 205 Wood ................................... 223
– Other Mercaptan- – General Principles of
Terminated Manufacture ........................ 223
Polymers ............................. 206 – Curing Acceleration
– Polythioether Under Alkaline
Polymers ............................. 206 Conditions ...........................225
– Properties of Polysulfide – Physical Properties of

Phenol-Formaldehyde
Polymers ............................. 207
Resins ................................. 226
– Compounding, – Applications ........................ 228
Processing,
– PF Wood Binders .............. 228
and Manufacture of
Polysulfide Sealants ......... 208 – Properties of Phenolic
Adhesives for
– Polysulfide Sealant Plywood .............................. 229
Characterization and – Additives ............................. 231
Testing ................................. 211
– Formulation of Plywood
– Polysulfide/Epoxy Glue Mixes ......................... 233
Adhesives ........................... 212 – General Observations
– Adhesion on Particleboard
Considerations ................... 213 Manufacture ........................234
– Dry-Out Resistance ........... 236
Chapter - 29 – Foundry Sand Binders
and Mineral Fiber
PHENOLIC RESIN Binders ................................ 237
ADHESIVES ................... 215-239
– Binders from PF
– Introduction ........................ 215 Copolymers with
Other Resins ....................... 237
– Chemistry ........................... 216
– Acid Catalysis .................... 219 Chapter - 30
– Alkaline Catalysis .............. 220 UREA–
– Metallic Ion Catalysis FORMALDEHYDE
and Reaction ADHESIVES ................... 240-256
Orientation .......................... 221 – Introduction ......................... 240
– Chemistry of UF Resins: Chapter - 32

Urea–Formaldehyde
Condensation ..................... 241 POLYURETHANE
– General Principles of ADHESIVES ................... 271-301
Manufacture and – Introduction ........................ 271
Application ..........................244
– Applications Overview ...... 274
– Plywood Adhesives .......... 248
– Basic Urethane
– Particleboard Chemistry ............................ 275
Adhesives ........................... 250
– Branching Reactions ........ 277
– UF Adhesives for Low-
Formaldehyde-Emission – Catalysts ............................. 279
Particleboard ...................... 251 – Urethane Polymer
– Other UF Adhesives Morphology ........................ 281
Applications ........................ 254 – Prepolymer
– Analysis .............................. 255 Formation ............................ 283
– Formulation ........................ 255 – Adhesive Raw

Materials ............................. 284
Chapter - 31 – Isocyanates for
Adhesive
MELAMINE– Applications ........................ 288
FORMALDEHYDE – Toxicology ........................... 293
ADHESIVES ................... 257-270
– Fillers and Additives ......... 294
– Inroduction ......................... 257 – Surface Preparation
– Uses for MF Resins .......... 257 and Primers ........................ 294
– Chemistry ........................... 258 – Common Adhesive
– Condensation Types ................................... 295
Reactions ........................... 258 – One-Component
– Mechanisms and Adhesives ........................... 295
Kinetics ............................... 261 – Two-Component
– Mixed Melamine Adhesives ........................... 297
Resins ................................. 263
– Recent
– Resin Preparation Developments ................... 299
Glue Mixing And
Hardening ........................... 264 – Hybrid Adhesives .............. 299
– Chemical and Physical – Reactive Hot Melts ............ 300

Analysis .............................. 268 – Pressure-Sensitive
– Formulations ...................... 270 Adhesives ........................... 301
Chapter - 33 – Typical Formulation ........... 317

– Heat-Resistant Epoxy
UNSATURATED Acrylic Hybrid ..................... 317
POLYESTER
– U.S Patents ......................... 318
ADHESIVES ..... 302-310
– Substrates ........................... 318
– Introduction ........................ 302
– Synthesis ............................ 302 Chapter - 35
– Reaction Between TECHNOLOGY OF
Dicarboxylic Acids or CYANOACRYLATE
Anhydrides and Diols ....... 302 ADHESIVES FOR
INDUSTRIAL
– Kinetics and
ASSEMBLY .....................319-332
Mechanisms ....................... 303
– Side Reactions .................. 305 – Introduction ......................... 319
– Catalysts ............................. 306 – Chemistry of
The System ......................... 319
– Resin Reactivity ................. 306
– Hot Strength ........................ 325
– Cross-Linking
Mechanism ......................... 307 – Speed of Cure .................... 327
– Structure-Properties – Activators ............................ 329
Relationships ..................... 308 – Improved Commercial
– Glass-Fiber Cyanoacrylate
Lamination .......................... 309 Compounds ........................ 327
– New Flexible
Chapter - 34 Cyanoacrylates .................. 327
– New Cure-Through-
REACTIVE ACRYLIC Gap Cyanoacrylates ..........328
ADHESIVES ................... 311-318
– New Ultrafast-Cure
– Introduction ......................... 311 Surface-Insensitive
– Chemical Reactions Cyanoacrylates .................. 328
in Acrylic Adhesives .......... 311 – New Low-Odor
– Handling of Acrylic Cyanoacrylates .................. 329
Adhesives: Do’s and – Significant Cyanoacrylate
Don’ts With Acrylics ........... 314 Characteristics ....................329
– Bond Strengths – Polypropylene and Poly-
Available With Acrylic ethylene Bonding .............. 329
Adhesives ........................... 315 – Medical-Grade
– Typical Formulations ......... 317 Materials ............................. 329
– HP Acrylic Adhesive .......... 317 – Thermal Conductivity ........ 329
– Durability ............................. 329 – Plasticizers ......................... 355

– Chlorosis ............................. 330 – Fillers ................................... 356
– Solvents .............................. 357
Chapter - 36
– Additives ............................. 358
SILICONE ADHESIVES
AND SEALANTS ........... 333-344 – Elastomers .......................... 358
– Applications ........................ 359
– Introduction ......................... 333
– Building and
– Cure Chemistry .................. 336
Construction........................ 359
– Processing
Consideration .................... 339 – Metal Bonding .................... 360
– Property – Road Making ...................... 361
Determinations ................... 339 – Wood Bonding ................... 361
– Basic Formulations ............342 – Engineering
– High-Modulus Applications ........................ 361
Oxime Sealant ....................342 – Electrical
– Medium Modulus Applications ........................ 362
Oxime Sealant ................... 343
– Film Adhesives ................... 362
– Substrate Bonding ............. 343
– Miscellaneous
Chapter - 37 Applications ........................ 362
– Guide Formulations ........... 363
EPOXY RESIN
ADHESIVES ................... 345-365 – Water-Based
Epoxy Primer ...................... 364
– Introduction ......................... 345
– Epoxy Adhesive for
– Chemistry of Bonding New Concrete
Epoxy Resins ..................... 346
to Old ................................... 364
– Properties of
Epoxies ................................349 – Metal-to-Metal
Adhesives ........................... 364
– Resins ................................. 349
– Hardeners ........................... 349 – Grouting Adhesive ............ 365
– Mixed Product .....................350 – Cable Jointing
– Formulating Epoxy Epoxy ...................................365
Adhesives ........................... 351 – Film Adhesives for
– Resins ................................. 351 Preimpregnation ................ 365
– Curing Agents .................... 352 – Fast-Setting Retail
– Reactive Diluents .............. 355 Epoxy Liquid .......................365
Chapter - 38 – Adhesive Applications

in The Automotive
PRESSURE-SENSITIVE Industry ................................388
ADHESIVES ....................366-387
– Adhesives for Mechanical
– Introduction ......................... 366 Applications ........................ 390
– Product Types ..................... 367 – Adhesive Applications
in the Body Shop ................393
– Solvent-Based
– Adhesives and Sealants
Adhesives ............................368
in the Paint Shop ................399
– Hot-Melt Adhesives ........... 368 – Adhesive and Sealant
– Water-Based Applications in the
Adhesives ........................... 370 Assembly Shop .................. 399
– Formulating ......................... 371 – Adhesive Applications
in Component
– Applications ........................ 376 Manufacturing .................... 401
– Tapes ................................... 376 – Some Considerations
– Labels .................................. 379 Regarding Trends in
Automotive Adhesive
– Other Applications ............. 380
Bonding ............................... 406
– Coating Methods ............... 381
– Testing ................................. 382 Chapter - 40
– Tack ......................................382 ADHESIVE BASED ON
– Peel ...................................... 383 VINYL ACETATE ............ 409-410
– Shear Strength ................... 383 – Plant & Machinery ............. 409

– Guide Formulations ........... 384 – Fixed Capital ...................... 409
– Solvent-Based – Raw Materials .................... 410
Adhesives ............................385 – Total Working
– Hot-Melt Adhesives ........... 386 Capital/Month ..................... 410
– Total Capital
– Water-Based
Investment ...........................410
Adhesives ........................... 386
– Turn Over/Annum ............... 410
Chapter - 39
Chapter - 41
ADHESIVES IN THE PRINTING GUMS
AUTOMOTIVE (GUAR GUM
INDUSTRY ...................... 388-408 BASED) ........................... 411-412
– Introduction .........................388 – Plant & Machinery ............. 411

– Fixed Capital ...................... 411 Chapter - 44

– Raw Materials .................... 412
OFFICE PASTE .............. 418-419
– Total Working
Capital/Annum ................... 412 – Plant & Machinery ............. 418
– Total Capital – Fixed Capital ...................... 418

Investment ...........................412 – Raw Materials .................... 419
– Turn Over/Annum ............... 412 – Total Working
Capital/Month ..................... 419
Chapter - 42 – Total Capital
Investment ...........................419
LEATHER BASED
– Turn Over/Annum 419
ADHESIVE ...................... 413-414
– Plant & Machinery ............. 413 Chapter - 45

– Fixed Capital .......................413 STARCH AND
– Raw Materials .....................413 DEXTRIN BASED
ADHESIVE ....... 420-421
– Total Working
Capital/Annum ................... 414 – Plant & Machinery ............. 420
– Total Capital – Fixed Capital ...................... 420
Investment ...........................414 – Raw Materials .................... 421
– Turn Over/Annum ............... 414 – Total Working
Capital/Month ..................... 421
Chapter - 43 – Total Capital
Investment ...........................421
LATEX RUBBER
BASED ADHESIVE ....... 415-417 – Turn Over/Annum ............... 421
– Plant & Machinery ............. 415 Chapter - 46

– Fixed Capital ...................... 416 ADHESIVE FOR
– Raw Materials .................... 416 CORRUGATION DRY
POWDER AND
– Total Working
PASTE ............................. 422-423
Capital/Annum ................... 416
– Total Capital – Plant & Machinery ............. 422
Investment ...........................416 – Fixed Capital ...................... 422
– Turn Over/Annum ............... 417 – Raw Materials .................... 423
– Total Working Chapter - 49

Capital/Month ..................... 423
RUBBER ADHESIVE ....429-430
– Total Capital
Investment ...........................423 – Plant & Machinery ............. 429
– Turn Over/Annum ...............423 – Fixed Capital ...................... 429
– Raw Materials .................... 430
Chapter - 47 – Total Working
Capital/Month ..................... 430
ADHESIVE
– Total Capital
(DIFFERENT TYPE) ...... 424-425 Investment .......................... 430
– Plant & Machinery ............. 424 – Turn Over/Annum .............. 430
– Fixed Capital ...................... 424 Chapter - 50
– Raw Materials .................... 425
ADHESIVE (POLYVINYL
– Total Working BUTYRAL BASED) ....... 431-432
Capital/Month ..................... 425
– Plant & Machinery ............. 431
– Total Capital
– Fixed Capital ...................... 431
Investment ...........................425
– Raw Materials .................... 432
– Turn Over/Annum ............... 425
– Total Working
Capital/Month .................... 432
Chapter - 48
– Total Capital
ADHESIVE INDUSTRIES Investment .......................... 432
(LAMINATED, FEVICOL, – Turn Over/Annum .............. 432
STICKER DDL AND
OTHER TYPES OF Chapter - 51
ADHESIVE) ..................... 426-428
SELF ADHESIVE
– Plant & Machinery ............. 426 LABELS ...........................433-434
– Fixed Capital ...................... 427 – Plant & Machinery ............. 433

– Raw Materials .................... 427 – Fixed Capital .......................433
– Total Working – Raw Materials .................... 434

Capital/Month ..................... 427 – Total Working
Capital/Month ..................... 434
– Total Capital
– Total Capital
Investment .......................... 428
Investment .......................... 434
– Turn Over/Annum ............... 428 – Turn Over/Annum .............. 434
Chapter - 52 – Raw Materials .................... 440

– Total Working
ESTER GUMS
Capital/Month ..................... 441
(FOOD GRADE) 435-436
– Total Capital
– Plant & Machinery ............. 435 Investment ...........................441
– Fixed Capital .......................435 – Turn Over/Annum ............... 441
– Raw Materials .................... 436
Chapter - 55
– Total Working
Capital/Month ..................... 436 SUPPLIERS OF
– Total Capital PLANT AND
Investment .......................... 436 MACHINERIES .............. 442–452
– Turn Over/Annum .............. 436 – Adhesive Tape
Machinery ........................... 442
Chapter - 53 – Chemical Plant
Machinery ........................... 443
VULCANIZING
RUBBER – Storage Tanks ..................... 444
SOLUTION/CEMENT – Boilers : Industrial .............. 446
FOR AUTOMOBILE
– Evaporators ........................ 447
TYRES 437-439
– Stirrers : Chemical ............. 448
– Plant & Machinery ............. 437
– Adhesive Applying
– Fixed Capital ...................... 437 Machinery ........................... 448
– Raw Materials .................... 438 – Adhesion Tester ................. 449
– Total Working – Adhesive Mixer .................. 449
Capital/Month ..................... 438 – Adhesives
– Total Capital Dispensers .......................... 450
Investment ...........................438 – Adhesive Pumps ................ 450
– Turn Over/Annum .............. 439 – Gumming Machinery ......... 451
– Coating Machinery ............ 451
Chapter - 54
– Label Printing
INDUSTRIAL ADHESIVE Applying Machinery .......... 452
BASED ON STARCH
GUM, DEXTRINE Chapter - 56
SILICATE ......................... 440-441
SUPPLIERS OF
– Plant & Machinery ............. 440 RAW MATERIALS ..........453-472
– Fixed Capital ...................... 440 – Sodium Hydroxide .............453
– Borax ....................................453 – Butyl Acetate ....................... 465

– Urea-Formaldehyde – Nitrile Rubber ..................... 465
Resins ................................. 454 – Epoxy Resins ..................... 466
– Dextrin ................................. 454 – Sulphur Dioxide ................. 466
– Glycerin ............................... 455 – Fumedsilica ........................ 466
– Neoprene Rubber ............. 455 – Carbon Black ...................... 466
– Toluene ................................456 – Shellac .................................466
– Methylmethacrylate ........... 456 – Titanium Dioxide ................ 466
– Zinc Oxide ...........................456 – Alumina ............................... 466
– Calcium Carbonate ........... 457 – Iron Oxide ........................... 466
– Antioxidants ........................ 457 – Calcium Oxide ................... 467
– Phenolic Resins ................. 458 – Wax ..................................... 468
– Magnesium Oxide ............. 458 – Silica ................................... 468
– Hexane ................................ 458 – Stearic Acid ........................ 468
– Fillers Chemical ................. 459 – Maleic Anhydride .............. 468
– Rosin ....................................459 – Polybutene Resins .............469
– Thickeners ...........................459 – White Oil .............................. 469
– Gelatine ............................... 459 – Talc ....................................... 469
– Starches .............................. 460 – Clay ...................................... 469
– Casein ................................. 460 – Surfactants .......................... 469
– Acrylic Acid ......................... 461 – Bentonite ............................. 470
– Ethylene Oxide ...................461 – Gypsum ............................... 470
– Plasticisers ..........................462 – Cyclohexanol ..................... 470
– Defoaming Agents .............462 – Aromatic Oil ........................ 470
– Caustic Soda ...................... 462 – Isoprene .............................. 471
– Pigment Dispersions .........463 – Resorcinol .......................... 471
– Boric Acid ............................ 463 – Zinc Dust ............................. 471
– Formaldehyde .................... 463 – Xylenes ............................... 471
– Hardeners : Epoxy – Wood Rosin ........................ 471
Resin ................................... 464 – Copper Sulphate ............... 471
– Phosphoric Acid .................464 – Hydrated Lime ................... 472
– Ethyl Acetate ....................... 464 – Zinc Chloride ...................... 472
– Ammonium Chloride ......... 465 – Hydrochloric Acid .............. 472
– Sulphur ................................ 465 – Sodium Bicarbonate ......... 472

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Contents Cum-Subject Index

– Why adhesive Bonding .......... 1

Chapter - 3 – Introduction ............................ 24

Chapter Name Page No.

– Shear Tests ............................ 30 Chapter - 7

Chapter Name Page No.

– Woodworking .......................107 Chapter - 11

– Properties .............................121 – A Mine Hardeners ..............134

Chapter Name Page No.

– Acid-Annydride – Resorcinol Formal-

– Unsaturated Polyester – Cellulose Ester

Chapter Name Page No.

– One Component Chapter - 21

Chapter - 20 – Self-Sealing Envelopes-

– Properties ........................... 162 – Decalcoamnials ................. 180

– Applications ........................ 162 – Tapes ................................... 181

Chapter Name Page No.

Chapter Name Page No.

– Preparation of – Chemistry and

– Properties of Polysulfide – Physical Properties of

Chapter Name Page No.

– Chemistry of UF Resins: Chapter - 32

– Formulation ........................ 255 – Adhesive Raw

– Chemical and Physical – Reactive Hot Melts ............ 300

Chapter Name Page No.

Chapter - 33 – Typical Formulation ........... 317

Chapter Name Page No.

– Durability ............................. 329 – Plasticizers ......................... 355

Chapter Name Page No.

Chapter - 38 – Adhesive Applications

– Shear Strength ................... 383 – Plant & Machinery ............. 409

– Introduction .........................388 – Plant & Machinery ............. 411

Chapter Name Page No.

– Fixed Capital ...................... 411 Chapter - 44

– Total Capital – Fixed Capital ...................... 418

– Plant & Machinery ............. 413 Chapter - 45

– Plant & Machinery ............. 415 Chapter - 46

Chapter Name Page No.

– Total Working Chapter - 49

– Fixed Capital ...................... 427 – Plant & Machinery ............. 433

– Total Working – Raw Materials .................... 434

Chapter Name Page No.

Chapter - 52 – Raw Materials .................... 440

Chapter Name Page No.

– Borax ....................................453 – Butyl Acetate ....................... 465

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