Professional Documents
Culture Documents
e
This Document Posted By Not Affiliated Or
Public.Resource.Org, Inc., Authorized by ASTM
a California Nonprofit or by the United States
Organization. Government
Document Name: ASTM D287: Standard Test Method for API Gravity of
Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer
Method)
CFR Section(s):
40 CFR 94.108(a)(1) Table B-5
Official Incorporator:
THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER
WASHINGTON, D.C.
ASTM Logo
Removed
155
ASTM Logo Removed
. '~',' . Ii ,.
i. "I'~ .
TABLE 1 Available Hydrometers Scaled, Degrees API tions to prevent the temperature of the sample from
API Range, deg Scale changing appreciably during the time necessary to complete
Designation Type the test., During!,this~periQd;. .the tempet:atu:re of the sur-
Series Total Each Unit Division Error
rounding D:.tedi{icisllouldhnot cbangemor~than 5°F (2°C).
1H to 1o.H long plain -1 ,to 10.1, 1~, ",,""Q ..~ .. ' 0.,1 -
,. :~'.<"'~J ... ,,(~::, . ',~:~.':j 1;-'- >
21H to 4o.H short plain 0. to 10.1 . J '6" . , '0.:1 '0..2
51Ht06o.H thermo -1 to 10.1 12 0..1 0..1 NOTE 3-Warning-Extremely'flammable. Vapors may cause flash
fire. " . . i,h' , "";i' ',,' i :.. .;
71H to 74H thermo -1 to 41 12 0..1 0..1
A thermo 15 to 51 8 NOTE 4-Warning-Do not start the siphon by mouth.
Eight-degree range' thermohydroiTieters a~e"available.
:;:;8,4Low~r: the,; hyd~6~eter, gently into 'the sample and,
.1
A
" , ,
with, thel ~ype ,Of sample and :nebessary, limiting qonditions The correct reading is that point on the hydrometer scale at
shown In Table 2. .' , , " ' ' .,.
, 1'( 'w~yh.,*e surra9~ o~~lW li<;mi4 <::1;1ts; the ~c;~e; petYfl11in~ t~is
P01l).t1;>y,placlllg the eye slightly below tbe level of the 11Qm,d
8:,~~bced;lIr~: ....J.,:",,; . ," and slowly raising it until the sl,lrfac;<,:<,first seen.asa, q1storted
,. '. •, " I ' •• ... ; " ,;. J • l. ", " I ~ I .j, : , , \ . {,:, ,. ~.!
" 8.l For; r~fereetesting,us<:l ,the.lol}g plaipfo1lI1 of l).ydrOI;n- ,ellipse';fl:ppears.to become ~ sirai,g4~ line cutting ibehydrom-
eter (lH,:~o, lOH) .. For fie;ld testing, u,se, tl;1e.,ther:mo- ,eter,scale." \', ,'" ... , " . " I " ' , i i i ' ; • "
hydrometelr.,. 'i> .j , " <, :,,' , . ' j ,,8:6 ~q;;inak~. a".reaQing ,"(itli ','riori.t~~lI1~parent,\.~Ci~i~s,
~',.' 82, Adj;ust th,e temperature of th~,;sample in a~cordanye obsel1'e ,tb,e:t:l0l~~h9n the .hydr01,l1~ter.,scal~ to,~~ch,tR--e
~ith T~able ,2. For ;field testing, t~sq~l)1l?eratures,;otp.~rthap sanrple ri~~s aQgvY:fismru.n.~\1rfaqe,~playi,ngtheeYIif. sligl:itly
tho.se l,isted; ill ,Table 2 ,may l;>e us,~d;. Tl).e, hydronH~ter cylin,der above the' plane surface <;l~thy' liq\iid;. Jb,is.,r¢a,ding 'l:~qpiie~, a
shall be approximately the same temperature as the sample correction. Determine this correCtion for" the" 'part'iCUlar
to be tested. "' .. hydrometer in use by observing tPYc,~,~ight abo:v;e)\lewain
j" ._" ,;;,,';
, ,8;9 Transfer the s~mple,ilJtot):l~ clean hYdrQmetercyl- surface of the liquid to which tne'sample rises 'on- the
iridet ,Without sl?lashing" so ,as. t9,~Y9id the ,fOhp.atiCn~ :of air hydrometer scale when the hydronietet in.'question is,'im-
bubbIes' a6d to reduce to it mInimum tl1e evapor;iition' of tne mersedin ia transpa'lfent:Iiquid, ,having a"surface 'tension
lower' bcHiiiig"60nstituerits of the in&r~: vol~tlIt1. sarp.pic~. similar to that of a sample under',test. ' i ' , , ; l
(Warning-see; Note, 3.) FO,r the more volatile' ,samples, 8.7 00serveithe tempenitureef;the'sariiple.to th:ihtearest
Jran~fe'r, to the~,hydrometei:'cylindei by siphoning, (Warn- 0';Q5?F (0. 1~0) iimmediately, Qefore and'after',the ,observanon
i~g-SeeNote,~) ,Use a rUbber aspirator bulb., Re~ove ,any fofthe',gravitytthe.liquid in the cylinder .being thotou:ghly but
~~r bubble~formed,aftei, tiley'pa,v,ecolle6ted, op the r;u*face cautiouslY stitredwith the ,theimometer, (Note :5), "arid the
of the'sarilple, by touching them with! a' piece' of clean •filter whole of the :mercury ,threacFJbeing immerSed: Should these
paper before inserting the' iiydrom~iet:'Fo:r 'fi6fd testing, temperature readings differ:by 'more, than, 1°P(O.,J5°C);repeat
make the gravity measurement directly in the salUpling thief. the temperature and gravity observations wHen the tempera-
Place the cylinder comaining the sample 'i~"~ ::V~ftic'al ture of the sam'plelhasbe'come,inor'e'stable, Record thelllean
"posltion'il:'{a 10tati6:ti:free from' air'curreti.~s:\Ta,~e \p~e2all- of the thermdmeteri , ,ieadingi, befdre,iand,iafterthefinal
t" ~~, Ii \~ , _.j I", ' • '; '. ;){'- ! ~ 'A(~'~';;l fE L-:=)t?d
t' ': <"j ,,'" :'" -\0 ": (.~: '-. (~ i
'TA,B,~.E, ~,', ~irnitirig :C~.n&itions and Testing Temperatures
ini!iai Boiling Point 1!',<' \ " ': \
" Sample Type , i: Gravity Limits . Other Limits Test TEimpeniture'
• .' Limits
Highly volatile ,lighter tlian, 70.° ApI. Cool to 35°F (2°C) or lower in original'closed
p " ,~ ". •
D 287
hydrometer reading, to the nearest 1°F, as the temperature of statistical examination of interlaboratory test results is as
the test. follows:
11.1.1 Repeatability-The difference between successive
NOTE 5-When thennohydrometers are used, stir the sample by test results obtained by the same operator with the same
carefully raising and lowering the hydrometer. It is satisfactory in this apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical
case to read the thennometer scale after the hydrometer reading has
been observed. Read the thennometer to the nearest 1°F (OSC). test material, would in the long run, in the normal and
correct operation of the test method, exceed 0.2° API only in
one case in twenty.
9. Calculation 11.1.2 Reproducibility-The difference between two
9.1 When gravities have been observed on opaque liquids single and independent results, obtained by different opera-
using the procedure given in 8.6, subtract the correction tors, working in different laboratories on identical test
from the hydrometer reading observed. material, would in the long run, in the normal and correct
9.2 Correct all hydrometer readings to 60°F (I5.56°C), operation of the test method, exceed OS API only in one
using Tables 5A or 5B of Guide D 1250. case in twenty.
NOTE 6-The precision for this method was not obtained in accor-
dance with RR:D02-1 007. 3
NOTE 7-This precision statement applies only to measurements
10. Report
made at temperatures differing from 60°F (15.56°C) by less than 18°F
1O.l Report the corrected hydrometer reading as degrees (10°C).
API CAPI) or as API Gravity. 11.2 Bias-Bias for this method has not been determined.
12. Keywords
11. Precision and Bias 12.1 API gravity; crude petroleum; hydrometer;
11.1 The precision of this test method as obtained by thermohydrometer; thermometer
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
157