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INTRODUCTORY 4

CHAPTER I - THE MANNERS OF KINGS 13

CHAPTER II - THE MORALS OF DERVISHES 36

CHAPTER III - ON THE EXCELLENCE OF CONTENTMENT 56

CHAPTER IV - ON THE ADVANTAGES OF SILENCE 71

CHAPTER V - ON LOVE AND YOUTH 76

CHAPTER VI - ON WEAKNESS AND OLD AGE 90

CHAPTER VII - ON THE EFFECTS OF EDUCATION 95

CHAPTER VIII - ON RULES FOR CONDUCT IN LIFE 108

CONCLUSION OF THE BOOK 131

-THE END- 132

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9
 When it is proper to speak and to talk when silence is required.

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WKH#5RVH0JDUGHQ#ZDV#ILQLVKHG#EXW#LW#ZLOO#LQ#UHDOLW\#EH#FRPSOHWHG#RQO\#DIWHU#DSSUREDWLRQ#LQ#WKH#FRXUW#RI#WKH#6KDK/#ZKR#LV
WKH#UHIXJH#RI#WKH#ZRUOG/#WKH#VKDGRZ#RI#*RG/#WKH#UD\#RI#KLV#JUDFH/#WKH#WUHDVXU\#RI#WKH#DJH/#WKH#DV\OXP#RI#the Faith,
strengthened by heaven, aided against enemies, the arm of the victorious government, the lamp of the resplendent
religion, the beauty of mankind, the boast of Islam, Sa’d son of Atabek the great, the majestic Shahanshah, owner of
the necks of nations, lord of the kings of Arabia and Persia, the sultan of the land and the sea, the heir of the kingdom
of Solomon, Muzaffaruddin Ibu Bekr, son of Sa’d Zanki, may Allah the most high perpetuate the prosperity of them
both and direct their inclinations to every good thing.

3HUXVHG#ZLWK#D#NLQG#JODQFH/

10
 $GRUQHG#ZLWK#DSSUREDWLRQ#E\#WKH#VRYHUHLJQ/
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His sin is transmuted to obedience and his foe into a friend.

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IRUPHU#WKH\#DUH#IUHH#IURP#FHUHPRQ\1

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&DXVHV#D#VHUYDQW#WR#PDNH#WKH#JHQHUDO#ZHOIDUH#KLV#VSHFLDO#GXW\1
He has found eternal happiness who lived a good life,
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11
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$OYHQG1

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12
CHAPTER I - THE MANNERS OF KINGS

13
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vanquished cat assailing a dog.

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Of whose existence on earth not a trace has remained
And that old corpse which had been surrendered to the earth
Was so consumed by the soil that not a bone remains.
The glorious name of Nushirvan survives in good repute
Although much time elapsed since he passed away.
Do good, O man, and consider life as a good fortune,
The more so, as when a shout is raised, a man exists no more.

ó@a\_fó

14
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Thou canst not uproot it with a windlass.
The source of a fountain may be stopped with a bodkin
But, when it is full, it cannot be crossed on an elephant.

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people and better to dig up their roots and foundations, because it is
not the part of wise men to extinguish fire and to leave burning coals
or to kill a viper and leave its young ones.

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His race of prophets became extinct.
The dog of the companions of the cave for some days

16
 Associated with good people and became a man.

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O sage, who is nobody becomes not somebody by education.
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But what can I do to an envious man dissatisfied with himself?
Die, O envious man, for this is a malady,
Deliverance from which can be obtained only by death.
Unfortunate men sometimes ardently desire

17
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'HVWUR\V#WKH#EDVLV#RI#WKH#ZDOO#RI#KLV#RZQ#UHLJQ1

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XQFOH#URVH#LQ#UHEHOOLRQ/#GHVLURXV#RI#UHFRYHULQJ#WKH#NLQJGRP#RI#WKHLU#IDWKHU1#7KH#SRSXODWLRQ/#ZKLFK#KDG#EHHQ#UHGXFHG#WR
WKH#ODVW#H[WUHPLW\#E\#WKH#NLQJ·V#RSSUHVVLRQ#DQG#VFDWWHUHG/#QRZ#DVVHPEOHG#DURXQG#WKHP#DQG#VXSSRUWHG#WKHP/#WLOO#KH#ORVW
FRQWURO#RI#WKH#JRYHUQPHQW#DQG#WKH\#WRRN#SRVVHVVLRQ#RI#LW1

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Because his subjects are the army of a just shahanshah.

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18
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QR#IDXOW1#,#VDZ#WKDW#ERXQGOHVV#DZH#RI#PH#KDG#WDNHQ#URRW#LQ#WKHLU#KHDUWV#EXW#WKDW#WKH\#KDG#QR#IXOO#FRQILGHQFH#LQ#P\
SURPLVHV/#ZKHUHIRUH#,#DSSUHKHQGHG#WKDW#WKH\/#IHDULQJ#FDODPLWLHV#ZRXOG#EHIDOO#WKHP/#PLJKW#DWWHPSW#P\#OLIH#DQG#,#DFWHG
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Although thou couldst cope with a hundred like him.
Seest thou not when the cat becomes desperate
How he plucks out with his claws the eyes of a tiger?
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19
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And those who are the wealthiest are the most needy.

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Extract the cotton from thy ears and administer justice to thy people
And if thou failest to do so, there is a day of retribution.

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20
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Because I care neither for good nor for bad nor for anyone.’

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I take it if thou carest not, we also do not care.’

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Neither patience in the heart of a lover nor water in a sieve.

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21
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Because it feeds on bones and injures no living thing.

22
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Many a man was at the point of death and no one wept for him.

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23
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Be thou pure, O brother, and in fear of no one.
Washermen beat only impure garments against stones.

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Because the spring of life is in darkness.’

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Although bitter, nevertheless possesses a sweet fruit.

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24
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Or the waves throw him one day dead upon the shore.

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If the advice of people cannot penetrate into thy ear?

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Which beholds the crime but nevertheless bestows the bread.’

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25
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That thou mayest accumulate every day a treasure?

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The people belonging to his army will put a thousand fowls on the spit.

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28
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A man who has seen the world utters much falsehood.

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Because our own life will also not last for ever.

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Think not that he will care for a mad elephant.
When a hungry infidel is in an empty house at table
Reason will not believe that he cares for the Ramazan.’

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34
 ó@a\_fó!
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Throne and luck, command and prohibition, taking and giving.
Injure not the name of those who have passed away
In order that thy own name may subsist.

35
 CHAPTER II - THE MORALS OF DERVISHES

36
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One of the great devotees having been asked about his opinion concerning a hermit whom others had censured in
their conversation, he replied: ‘I do not see any external blemishes on him and do not know of internal ones.’

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55
 CHAPTER III - ON THE EXCELLENCE OF CONTENTMENT

56
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CHAPTER IV - ON THE ADVANTAGES OF SILENCE

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the sultan.’ The king, who heard him, asked: ‘What is it?’ And he recited:

¶7KRX#ZKR#VKDNHVW#WKH#VOHHYH#RI#GLVSOHDVXUH#XSRQ#PH
([SHFW#QRW#WKDW#,#VKDOO#ZLWKGUDZ#P\#KDQG#IURP#WK\#VNLUW1
,I#HVFDSH#EH#LPSRVVLEOH#IURP#WKLV#FULPH#ZKLFK#,#FRPPLWWHG
,#WUXVW#WR#WKH#FOHPHQF\#ZKLFK#WKRX#SRVVHVVHVW1·

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DFFRUGLQJ#WR#UHDVRQ#DQG#FRQWUDU\#WR#XVDJH#WKDW#WK\#DFFRPSOLVKPHQWV#DQG#HORTXHQFH#VKRXOG#WKLV#GD\#VDYH#WKHH#IURP#WKH
SXQLVKPHQW#ZKLFK#,#KDYH#GHFUHHG>#DQG#,#FRQVLGHU#LW#SURSHU#WR#WKURZ#WKHH#KHDGORQJ#IURP#WKH#FDVWOH#WKDW#RWKHUV#PD\#WDNH
DQ#H[DPSOH1·#+H#FRQWLQXHG=#¶2#ORUG#RI#WKH#ZRUOG/#,#KDYH#EHHQ#QRXULVKHG#E\#WKH#ERXQW\#RI#WKLV#G\QDVW\/#DQG#WKLV#FULPH

88
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RXW#ODXJKLQJ/#SDUGRQHG#KLV#FULPH#DQG#VDLG#WR#KLV#GHSHQGHQWV#ZKR#GHVLUHG#WKH#TD]L#WR#EH#VODLQ=

¶(YHU\RQH#RI#\RX#ZKR#DUH#EHDUHUV#RI#\RXU#RZQ#IDXOWV
2XJKW#QRW#WR#EODPH#RWKHUV#IRU#WKHLU#GHIHFWV1·

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+H#VDLG#LQ#DQJXLVK#IURP#WKH#ZDYHV=
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:HOO#DZDUH#LQ#WKH#$UDELDQ#FLW\#RI#%DJKGDG1
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7KH\#PLJKW#LQGLWH#D#WDOH#RI#ORYH#RQ#WKLV#RFFXUUHQFH1

89
 CHAPTER VI - ON WEAKNESS AND OLD AGE

90
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,#ZDV#KROGLQJ#D#GLVSXWDWLRQ#ZLWK#D#FRPSDQ\#RI#OHDUQHG#PHQ#LQ#WKH#FDWKHGUDO#PRVTXH#RI#'DPDVFXV#ZKHQ#D#\RXWK#VWHSSHG
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DQG#KH#VDLG#WKDW#DQ#ROG#PDQ/#DJHG#RQH#KXQGUHG#DQG#ILIW\#\HDUV/#ZDV#LQ#WKH#DJRQ\#RI#GHDWK#EXW#VD\LQJ#VRPHWKLQJ#LQ#3HUVLDQ
ZKLFK#QRERG\#FRXOG#XQGHUVWDQG#DQG#WKDW#LI#,#ZHUH#NLQGO\#WR#JR#DQG#VHH#KLP#,#PLJKW#REWDLQ#WKH#LQIRUPDWLRQ#ZKHWKHU#KH
ZDV#SHUKDSV#GHVLURXV#RI#PDNLQJ#KLV#ODVW#ZLOO1#:KHQ#,#DSSURDFKHG#KLV#pillow, he said:

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:H#ZHUH#HDWLQJ#D#ZKLOH#DQG#WROG#LW#LV#HQRXJK1·

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KH#UHJUHWWHG#WKH#WHUPLQDWLRQ#RI#LW#VR#PXFK1#,#DVNHG#KLP#KRZ#KH#IHOW#DQG#KH#UHSOLHG=#¶:KDW#VKDOO#,#VD\"·

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WRQJXHG1

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7KRX#KDVW#QRW#IDOOHQ#LQWR#WKH#KDQGV#RI#D#JLGG\#\RXWK/#IXQ#RI#whims, headstrong, fickle minded, running about every

moment in search of another pleasure and entertaining another opinion, sleeping every night in another place and
taking every day another friend.

91
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7KRX#ZKRVH#KDQG#WUHPEOHV/#KRZ#FDQVW#WKRX#ERUH#D#-HZHO"·

94
CHAPTER VII - ON THE EFFECTS OF EDUCATION

95
 @a\_fóâ
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ER\#LV#QRW#EHFRPLQJ#LQWHOOLJHQW#DQG#KDV#PDGH#D#IRRO#RI#PH1·

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XWWHUDQFHV#RU#DFWV#RI#FRPPRQ#SHRSOH#being of no such consequence.

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96
 +H#ZKRP#WKRX#KDVW#QRW#SXQLVKHG#ZKHQ#D#FKLOG
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UREH#RI#KRQRXU#ZLWK#RWKHU#JLIWV#DQG#UDLVHG#KLP#WR#D#KLJKHU#SRVLWLRQ1

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SHRSOH/#RI#D#EHJJDUO\#QDWXUH#DQG#ZLWKRXW#VHOI0UHVWUDLQW/#VR#WKDW#WKH#YHU\#VLJKW#RI#KLP#GLVJXVWHG#WKH#0XVDOPDQV#DQG#ZKHQ
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7KH#FKLOGUHQ#ZLOO#SOD\#OHDSIURJ#LQ#WKH#ED]DU1

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KDG#PDGH#JODG#E\#UHFRQFLOLDWLRQ#DQG#KDG#UHLQVWDOOHG#LQ#KLV#SRVW1#,#ZDV#GLVSOHDVHG/#H[FODLPHG#¶/D#KDXO·/#DQG#DVNHG#ZK\#WKH\
KDG#DJDLQ#PDGH#,EOLV#WKH#WHDFKHU#RI#DQJHOV1#$Q#ROG#PDQ/#H[SHULHQFHG#LQ#WKH#ZRUOG/#ZKR#KDG#KHDUG#me, smiled and said:
‘Hast thou not heard the maxim?

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The severity of a teacher is better than the love of a father.’

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97
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OHIW#RII#DGPRQLVKLQJ#KLP#DQG#WXUQHG#DZD\#P\#IDFH#IURP#KLV#FRPSDQLRQVKLS/#DFWLQJ#according to the words of
philosophers, who said: Impart to them what thou hast and if they receive it not, it is not thy fault.

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he would surpass the position of angels if he were to devote as many of them to the giver of maintenance.’

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98
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should come out also in winter?’

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107
 CHAPTER VIII - ON RULES FOR CONDUCT IN LIFE

108
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128
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129
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130
Conclusion of the Book

131
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-THE END-

132
 4Y\``N
\``N_f

$'$0$17,1( Adjective describing diamond or other hard substance

$))$%/( Approachable or friendly

$//$+ The name of God as given in the Qur’aan (Book of Divine Revelation in the Islamic
faith). A conjunction of the two Arabic words: al and ilah, meaning The (one) God

$0%(5*5,6 A strong smelling wax-like secretion of the intestine of the sprem whale, found
floating in tropical seas and used in perfume manufacture

$0,7< Friendship

$3352%$7,21 Approval, consent

%(1(',&7,21 The utterance of a blessing

%2'.,1 A blunt thick needle with a thick eye

%8775(66 A projecting support of stone or brick etc. built against a wall

&+$0%(5/$,1 An officer managing the household of a sovereign or a great noble

'(1,=(1 Poetic, an inhabitant or occupant

'(59,6+ A member of any of several Muslim fraternities vowed to poverty and austerity

',$'(0 A crown or headband worn as a sign of sovereignty

',67,&+ A pair of verse lines; couplet

(',),&( A building, especially a large imposing one

(;3,$7( Make amends, or pay the penalty (for wrong-doing)

*8/,67$1 Transliteration of the Persian meaning a garden of flowers (usually roses)

+(-$= Also Hijaz, the western half of the Arabian Peninsula

+285,6 Chaste maidens of Paradise

,1,0,&$/ Hostile, harmful

/$8'$7,21 Formal praise

/(9,7< Lack of serious thought, frivolity, undignified behaviour

1
/,*180 Latin wood

/,03,' Clear, transparent

0(1'$&,7< Falsehood, dishonesty

0(1',&$17 A person living solely on alms

086$/0$1 Transliteration of the Persian word for Muslim (Arabic for one who submits to
Allah), a follower of the Islamic faith

12/(16 Literary willy-nilly, without deliberation

92/(16

2%(,6$1&( A bow, curtsey, or other respectful or submissive gesture

3$'6+$+ King in Persian

3$1(*<5,& A laudatory discourse, a speech in praise of someone or something

3$5$*21 A model of excellence. A supremely excellent person or thing

3/(,$'6 A brilliant group of persons or things. From the Pleiades, a cluster of stars in the
constellation of Taurus

3257,&2 A collonade, a roof supported by columns at regular intervals. Usually attached as a

porch to a building

35$77/( Inconsequential talk

352',*$/ Recklessly wasteful

38/&+5,78'( Literary beauty

6+$+$16+$+ King of Kings, from archaic Persian

6+(,.+ +RQRULILF#JLYHQ#WR#D#OHDUQHG#0XVOLP#VFKRODU1##)URP#WKH#$UDELF/#OLWHUDOO\#PHDQLQJ#2OG
0DQ

6/27+)8/ Lazy

68&&285 Aid or assistance especially in time of need

813523,7,286 Unfavourable

9(5'85( Freshness

9(51$/ Of, in, or appropriate to spring

9(=,(5 Properly spelled vizier, a high ranking official in Muslim States. From the Arabic
wizeer, being the chief counsellor of the Caliph

2
9,&,66,78'( A change of circumstances. Poetically meaning regular change or variation

=8/),4$5 Name of the sword of Ali, the cousin of Prophet Muhammad, and 4th Caliph of the
Islamic Empire