INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Volume 2, No 1, 2011
© Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services
Research article ISSN 0976 – 4399

Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free

vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SRES’s College of Engineering,
Kopargaon-423601, (Maharashtra) India
attu_sayyad@yahoo.co.in
doi:10.6088/ijcser.00202010095

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a comparative study of refined beam theories has been done for the free
vibration analysis of thick beams, taking into account transverse shear deformation effect.
The theories involves parabolic, sinusoidal, hyperbolic and exponential functions interms
of thickness coordinates to include transverse shear deformation effect. The numbers of
unknowns are same as that of first order shear deformation theory. The governing
differential equations and boundary conditions are obtained by using the principle of
virtual work. The results of bending and thickness shear mode frequencies for simply
supported beam are presented and discussed critically with those of other theories. The
results are found to agree well with the exact elasticity results wherever applicable.
Comparison of dynamic shear correction factor is carried out using various shear
deformation theories.

Key words: Thick beam, shear deformation, principle of virtual work, free vibration,
bending frequency, thickness shear frequency, dynamic shear correction factor.

1. Introduction

Since the elementary theory of beam (ETB) bending based on Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis
neglects the transverse shear deformation, it underestimates deflections and overestimates
the natural frequencies in case of thick beams where shear deformation effects are
significant. Timoshenko (Timoshenko, 1921) was the first to include refined effects
such as rotatory inertia and shear deformation in the beam theory. This theory is now
widely referred to as Timoshenko beam theory or first order shear deformation theory
(FSDTs). In this theory transverse shear strain distribution is assumed to be constant
through the beam thickness and thus requires problem dependent shear correction factor.
The accuracy of Timoshenko beam theory for transverse vibrations of simply supported
beam in respect of the fundamental frequency is verified by Cowper (Cowper G. R.,
1966) with a plane stress exact elasticity solution.

The limitations of ETB and FSDTs led to the development of higher order shear
deformation theories. Many higher order shear deformation theories are available in the
literature for static and vibration analysis of beams (Hildebrand F. B et al., 1942,
Bhimaraddi A et al., 1993). The trigonometric shear deformation theories are presented
by Vlasov and Leont’ev (Vlasov V. Z. et al., 1996) and Stein (Stein M., 1989) for thick
beams. However, with these theories shear stress free boundary conditions are not

Received on July 2011 published on September 2011 85

 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

satisfied at top and bottom surfaces of the beam. Recently Ghugal and Sharma (Ghugal Y.
M et al., 2009) presented hyperbolic shear deformation theory for thick beams.

A study of literature by Ghugal and Shimpi (Ghugal Y. M et al., 2002) indicates that the
research work dealing with flexural analysis of thick beams using refined trigonometric,
hyperbolic and exponential shear deformation theories is very scant and is still in infancy.

In this paper, assessment of various shear deformation theories (Ghugal Y. M., 2006,
Karama M et al., 2003) is carries out for free vibration analysis of thick isotropic beams.
The results obtained are compared with those of elementary, refined and exact beam
theories available in literature.

1.1 Beam under Consideration

The beam under consideration occupies the region:

b b h h
0  x L ;   y ;   z (1)
2 2 2 2

where x, y, z are Cartesian co-ordinates, L is length, b is width and h is the total depth of
beam. The beam is subjected to transverse load of intensity q(x) per unit length of the
beam. The beam can have any boundary and loading conditions.

1.2 Assumptions Made in Theoretical Formulation

1. The in-plane displacement u in x direction consists of two parts:

a) A displacement component analogous to displacement in elementary beam theory

of bending;
b) Displacement component due to shear deformation which is assumed to be
parabolic, sinusoidal, hyperbolic and exponential in nature with respect to
thickness coordinate.
2. The transverse displacement w in z direction is assumed to be a function of x
coordinate.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 86

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

3. One dimensional constitutive law is used.

4. The beam is subjected to lateral load only.

1.3 The Displacement Field

Based on the before mentioned assumptions, the displacement field of the present unified
refined beam theory is given as below:

w
u  x, z, t    z  f  z    x, t  (2)
x
w  x, z, t   w  x, t  (3)

Here u and w are the axial and transverse displacements of the beam center line in x and
z -directions respectively and t is the time. The  represents the rotation of the cross-
section of the beam at neutral axis which is an unknown function to be determined. The
functions f  z  assigned according to the shearing stress distribution through the
thickness of the beam are given below.

Model Function
 z  h2 z 2 
Ambartsumyan Model
f  z      
(Ambartsumian S. A., 1958)
 2  4 3 
 5z  4 z 2 
Kaczkawski Model (Kruszewski
f  z    1  2  
E. T., 1949)
 4  3h  
 4  z 2 
Krishna Murty Model (Krishna
f  z   z 1    
Murty A. V., 1984)  3  h  
h z
f  z   sin
Touratier Model (Touratier M.,
1991)  h
 1  z 
Soldatos Model (Soldatos K. P., f  z    z cosh    h sinh   
1992)  2  h 

  z 2 
Karama et al. Model (Karama
f  z   z exp  2   
  h  
M et al., 2003)

3  z 2  1 
Akavci Model (Akavci S. S
f  z   h tanh  h   z sec h  2  
2007) 2     

Normal strain and transverse shear strain for beam are given by:

u 2w 
x =  z  f z (4)
x x 2
x

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 87

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

u w
 zx    f '  z  (5)
z x

According to one dimensional constitutive law, the axial stress / normal bending stress
and transverse shear stress are given by:

 2w  
x  Ex E  z 2  f  z   (6)
 x x 
 zx  G zx  G f ' z  (7)

2. Governing equations and boundary conditions

Using the expressions for strains and stresses (4) through (7) and using the principle of
virtual work, variationally consistent governing differential equations and boundary
conditions for the beam under consideration can be obtained. The principle of virtual
work when applied to the beam leads to:

x L z  h /2 x L z  h /2   2u 2w  xL
b
x  L  z  h /2
 x  x   zx zx  dz dx   b x  L  z h/2   u   w  dz dx   q  wdx  0
 t t
2 2 x  L

(8)

where the symbol  denotes the variational operator. Integrating the preceding equations
by parts, and collecting the coefficients of  w and  , the governing equations in terms
of displacement variables are obtained as follows:

4w 3  A0 d 4 w  B0 d 3 d 2w
A0  B     h q (9)
x 4 x3
0
E dx 2 dt 2 E dxdt 2 dt 2
d 3w d 2w  B0 d 3 w C0 d 2
B0 3  C0 2  D0    0 (10)
dx dx E dxdt 2 E dt 2
and the associated boundary conditions obtained are of following form:

d 3w d 2  A0 3 w  B0 d 2
 A0  B   0 or w is prescribed
E xt 2 E dt 2
0
dx3 dx 2
(11)
2
d w d dw
A0 2
 B0  0 or is prescribed
dx dx dx
(12)

2w d
 B0  C0 0 or  is prescribed
x 2
dx
(13)

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 88

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

where A0, B0, C0 and D0 are the stiffness coefficients given as follows:

 h /2  h /2  h /2  h /2 2
z f  z  dz ; C0  E f 2  z  dz ;  f '  z   dz
A0  E 
h /2
z dz ; B0  E 
h /2

h /2
D0  G 
h /2
 
(14)

The stiffness coefficients for various models discussed are given as follows:

Model A0 B0 C0 D0
Ambartsumyan Model 0.0833 Eh 3
0.0083 Eh 5
0.000843 Eh 7
0.01006 Gh5
(Ambartsumian S. A.,
1958)
Kaczkawski Model 0.0833 Eh3 0.0833 Eh3 0.08742 Eh3 0.83Gh
(Kruszewski E. T.,
1949)
Krishna Murty Model 0.0833 Eh3 0.06666 Eh3 0.05396 Eh3 0.53 Gh
(Krishna Murty A. V.,
1984)
Touratier Model 0.0833 Eh3 0.06450 Eh3 0.05066 Eh3 0.5 Gh
(Touratier M., 1991)
Soldatos Model 0.0833 Eh3 0.00853 Eh3 0.00088 Eh3 0.00873 Gh
(Soldatos K. P., 1992)
Karama et al. Model 0.0833 Eh3 0.06530 Eh3 0.05391 Eh3 0.51562 Gh
(Karama M et al.,
2003)
Akavci Model (Akavci 0.0833 Eh3 0.063 Eh3 0.050 Eh3 0.51Gh
S. S 2007)

3. Illustrative examples

A simply supported beam of rectangular cross-section is considered. The governing

equations for free flexural vibration of simply supported beam can be obtained by setting
the applied transverse load equal to zero in Eqns.(9) and (10). A solution to resulting
governing equations, which satisfies the associated initial conditions, is of the form:

m x
w  wm sin sin mt (15)
L
m x
  m cos sin mt (16)
L

where wm and m are the amplitudes of translation and rotation respectively, and m is
the natural frequency of the mth mode of vibration. Substitution of this solution form into
the governing equations of free vibration of beam results in following algebraic equations

 m4 4   m3 3   
2   A0 m 
2 2
  B m 

 0 4  m  0 3  m 
A w B     2
  h  wm  0 m   0
  L   L     E L  E L 

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 89

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

(17)
 m3 3
 m  
2 2
2    B0 m  C0 
  B0 3 wm   C0 2  D0  m        wm  m   0
 L  L     E L  E 
(18)
The Equations (17) and (18) can be written in the following matrix form:
  K11 K12   M11 M12    wm 
  2       0 (19)
  12
K K 22   12
M M 22    m 

Above equation (19) can be written in following more compact form:

 K     M   0
2
m (20)

where  denotes the vector,   Wm , m  . The [K] and [M] are symmetric matrices.
T

The elements of the coefficient matrix [K] are given by:

 m4 4   m3 3   m2 2 

K11   A0 4  , K12  K 21    B0 3  , K 22   C0 2  D0 
 L   L   L 

The elements of the coefficient matrix [M] are given by

  A0 m2 2   B m C0
M11   2
  h  , M12  M 21   0 , M 22 
 E L  E L E

For nontrivial solution of Eqn (20),   0 , the condition expressed by

 K     M   0
2
m (21)

yields the eigen-frequencies m . From this solution natural frequencies of beam for
various modes of vibration can be obtained. The following material properties for beam
are used.

E = 210GPa, μ = 0.3 and  = 7800 Kg/m3

where E is the Young’s modulus,  is the density, and μ is the Poisson’s ratio of beam
material.

4. Numerical Results

The results for fundamental frequency m are presented in the following non-
dimensional form in this paper and discussed.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 90

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

  m  L2 / h   / E
The percentage error in results obtained by a theory/model of various researchers with
respect to the corresponding results obtained by theory of elasticity is calculated as
follows:

 value by a particular model  

 
value by exact elasticity solution given by Cowper [3]
% error =   x100
 value by exact elasticity solutiongiven by Cowper [3] 
 
 

The results obtained for the examples solved in this paper are presented in Tables 1
through 3

Table 1: Comparison of non-dimensional fundamental (m = 1) flexural and thickness

shear mode frequencies of the isotropic beam
S=4 S = 10
Model
w % Error  w % Error 
Ambartsumyan Model 0.884 0.143
(Ambartsumian S. A., 2.625 37.237 2.808 217.439
1958)
Kaczkawski Model -0.192 -0.071
2.597 33.704 2.802 194.752
(Kruszewski E. T., 1949)
Krishna Murty Model -0.230 -0.071
(Krishna Murty A. V., 2.596 34.259 2.802 198.109
1984)
Touratier Model -0.230 -0.071
2.596 34.238 2.802 198.109
(Touratier M., 1991)
Soldatos Model (Soldatos -0.230 -0.071
2.596 34.263 2.802 198.258
K. P., 1992)
Karama et al. Model 0.230 0.036
2.608 34.711 2.805 201.290
(Karama M et al., 2003)
Akavci Model (Akavci S. -0.154 -0.036
2.598 33.748 2.803 195.055
S 2007)
Bernoulli-Euler 2.779 6.802 --- 2.838 1.212 ---
Timoshenko (Timoshenko 0.845 0.143
2.624 34.320 2.808 198.616
S. P., 1921)
Ghugal (Ghugal Y. M., 0.000 0.000
2.602 34.135 2.804 198.105
2006)
Heyliger and Reddy -0.230 -0.071
2.596 34.250 2.802 198.235
(Heyliger P. R et al., 1988)
Cowper (Cowper G. R., 0.000 0.000
2.602 --- 2.804 ---
1968)

Table 2: Comparison of non-dimensional flexural frequency w  of the isotropic beam

for various modes of vibration.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 91

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

S Model Modes of vibration

m=1 m=2 m=3 m=4 m=5
4 Ambartsumyan Model
2.625 8.823 16.491 24.713 33.165
(Ambartsumian S. A., 1958)
Kaczkawski Model
2.597 8.598 15.957 23.923 32.304
(Kruszewski E. T., 1949)
Krishna Murty Model (Krishna
2.596 8.569 15.793 23.435 31.240
Murty A. V., 1984)
Touratier Model (Touratier M.,
2.596 8.573 15.811 23.483 31.339
1991)
Soldatos Model (Soldatos K.
2.596 8.569 15.791 23.429 31.228
P., 1992)
Karama et al. Model (Karama
2.608 8.691 16.202 24.357 32.935
M et al., 2003)
Akavci Model (Akavci S. S
2.598 8.612 16.004 24.027 32.493
2007)
Cowper (Cowper G. R., 1968) 2.602 --- --- --- ---
10 Ambartsumyan Model
2.808 10.791 22.903 37.999 55.142
(Ambartsumian S. A., 1958)
Kaczkawski Model
2.802 10.711 22.582 37.228 53.740
(Kruszewski E. T., 1949)
Krishna Murty Model (Krishna
2.802 10.709 22.566 37.164 53.557
Murty A. V., 1984)
Touratier Model (Touratier M.,
2.802 10.710 22.570 37.175 53.583
1991)
Soldatos Model (Soldatos K.
2.802 10.709 22.566 37.163 53.554
P., 1992)
Karama et al. Model (Karama
2.805 10.742 22.708 37.537 54.317
M et al., 2003)
Akavci Model (Akavci S. S
2.803 10.715 22.598 37.271 53.827
2007)
Cowper (Cowper G. R., 1968) 2.804 --- --- --- ---

Table 3: Comparison of non-dimensional fundamental frequency of thickness shear

 
mode  of the isotropic beam for various modes of vibrations.
S Model Modes of vibration
m=1 m=2 m=3 m=4 m=5
4 Ambartsumyan Model
37.237 44.378 53.547 63.736 74.521
(Ambartsumian S. A., 1958)
Kaczkawski Model
33.704 41.042 50.402 60.787 71.772
(Kruszewski E. T., 1949)
Krishna Murty Model
34.259 41.593 50.941 61.302 72.257
(Krishna Murty A. V., 1984)
Touratier Model (Touratier
34.238 41.571 50.917 61.279 72.235
M., 1991)
Soldatos Model (Soldatos K.
34.263 41.597 50.945 61.306 72.261
P., 1992)
Karama et al. Model (Karama 34.711 41.968 51.251 61.562 72.478

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 92

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

M et al., 2003)
Akavci Model (Akavci S. S
33.748 41.078 50.431 60.811 71.792
2007)
10 Ambartsumyan Model
217.439 226.391 240.105 257.416 277.363
(Ambartsumian S. A., 1958)
Kaczkawski Model
194.752 204.080 218.272 236.080 256.514
(Kruszewski E. T., 1949)
Krishna Murty Model
198.235 207.555 221.739 239.539 259.959
(Krishna Murty A. V., 1984)
Touratier Model (Touratier
198.109 207.425 221.606 239.401 259.819
M., 1991)
Soldatos Model (Soldatos K.
198.258 207.578 221.763 239.563 259.984
P., 1992)
Karama et al. Model (Karama
201.290 210.468 224.467 242.071 262.302
M et al., 2003)
Akavci Model (Akavci S. S
195.055 204.368 218.539 236.327 256.740
2007)

5. Discussion of Results

The results obtained from the present theory are compared with the elementary theory of
beam (ETB), first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) of Timoshenko (Timoshenko S.
P., 1921), higher order shear deformation theories of Heyliger and Reddy (Heyliger P. R
et al., 1988), Ghugal (Ghugal Y. M., 2006) and exact elasticity solutions given by
Cowper (Cowper G. R., 1968). The value of dynamic shear correction is compared with
its exact value given by Lamb (H. Lamb 1917).

a. Fundamental Flexural mode frequency ( m ):

The comparison of lowest natural frequency in flexural mode is shown in Table 1.

Observation of Table 1 shows that, Ambartsumyan Model (Ambartsumian S. A., 1958)
overestimates the lowest natural frequencies, in flexural mode by 0.884 % and 0.143 %
for aspect ratios 4 and 10 respectively. The fundamental frequencies, in flexural mode
predicted by Krishna Murty (Krishna Murty A. V., 1984), Touratier (Touratier M., 1991),
Soldatos (Soldatos K. P., 1992), Karama et al. (Karama M et al., 2003) and Kaczkawski
Model (Kruszewski E. T., 1949) models is identical and in excellent agreement with the
exact solution given by Cowper (Cowper G. R., 1968). Ghugal (Ghugal Y. M., 2006)
yields the exact value of lowest natural frequencies, in flexural mode for aspect ratios 4
and 10. FSDT of Timoshenko overestimates the flexural mode frequency by 0.845 % and
0.143 % for aspect ratios 4 and 10 respectively whereas ETB overestimates the same by
6.802 % and 1.212 % due to neglect of shear deformation in the theory. The comparison
of flexural frequency for various modes of vibration is shown in Table 2. The
examination of Table 2 reveals that, the flexural frequencies obtained by various models
are in excellent agreement with each other.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 93

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

b. Fundamental frequency (  ):

Table 1 shows comparison of lowest natural frequency in thickness shear mode. Exact
solution for the lowest natural frequency in thickness shear mode is not available in the
literature. From the Table 1 it is observed that, thickness shear mode frequencies
predicted by Kaczkawski (Kruszewski E. T., 1949), Krishna Murty (Krishna Murty A. V.,
1984), Touratier (Touratier M., 1991), Soldatos (Soldatos K. P., 1992) and Karama et al.
(Karama M et al., 2003) models are in excellent agreement with each other whereas
Ambartsumyan Model (Ambartsumian S. A., 1958) overestimates the same. Table 3
shows comparison of thickness shear mode frequencies for various modes of vibration
and found in good agreement with each other.

The solution for the circular frequency of thickness shear mode (m = 0) for thin
rectangular beam is given by

K 22 GA
   Kd (22)
M 22 I

where Kd is dynamic shear correction factor.

Model Kd % Error
Ambartsumyan Model 0.995 21.046
(Ambartsumian S. A.,
1958)
Kaczkawski Model 0.794 -3.406
(Kruszewski E. T., 1949)
Krishna Murty Model 0.824 0.243
(Krishna Murty A. V.,
1984)
Touratier Model (Touratier 0.822 0.000
M., 1991)
Soldatos Model (Soldatos 0.824 0.243
K. P., 1992)
Karama et al. Model 0.850 3.406
(Karama M et al., 2003)
Akavci Model (Akavci S. S 0.797 -3.041
2007)
Lamb (H. Lamb 1917) 0.822 ---

Dynamic shear correction predicted by Touratier Model (Touratier M., 1991) is same as
the exact solution given by Lamb (H. Lamb 1917). The corresponding values of shear
factor for m = 0 according to Krishna Murty (Krishna Murty A. V., 1984) and Soldatos
(Soldatos K. P., 1992) Models is identical. Ambartsumyan Model (Ambartsumian S. A.,
1958) yields higher value of dynamic shear correction factor whereas Akavci Model
(Akavci S. S 2007) shows lower value for the same.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 94

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
 Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

6. Conclusions

From the study of comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration
of isotropic beams following conclusions are drawn.

1. Results of lowest natural frequencies for flexural mode predicted by Krishna Murty
(Krishna Murty A. V., 1984), Touratier (Touratier M., 1991) and Soldatos (Soldatos
K. P., 1992) Models are identical and are in excellent agreement with the exact
solution. Ambartsumyan Model (Ambartsumian S. A., 1958) overestimates the
flexural mode frequency with that of exact solution. Flexural mode frequencies
predicted by Kaczkawski (Kruszewski E. T., 1949) and Akavci (Akavci S. S 2007)
Models are in tune with the exact solution.
2. The results of thickness shear mode frequencies are in excellent agreement with
each other for all modes of vibration.
3. Touratier Model (Touratier M., 1991) yields the exact value of dynamic shear
correction factor and it is in excellent agreement when predicted by Krishna Murty
(Krishna Murty A. V., 1984) and Soldatos (Soldatos K. P., 1992) models.
7. References

1. Timoshenko S. P., (1921), on the correction for shear of the differential

equation for transverse vibrations of prismatic bars, philosophical magazine,
series 6, 41, pp 742-746.

2. Cowper G. R., (1966), the shear coefficients in Timoshenko beam theory,

ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 33, pp 335-340.

3. Cowper G. R., (1968), On the accuracy of Timoshenko’s beam theory, ASCE

Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, 94(6), pp. 1447-1453.

4. Hildebrand F. B., and Reissner E. C., (1942), Distribution of stress in built-in

beam of narrow rectangular cross section ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics,
64, pp 109-116.

5. Levinson M., (1981), A new rectangular beam theory, Journal of Sound and
vibration, 74, pp 81-87.

6. Bickford W. B., (1982), A consistent higher order beam theory, Development in

Theoretical Applied Mechanics, SECTAM, 11, pp 137-150.

7. Rehfield L. W., and Murthy P. L. N., (1982), Toward a new engineering theory
of bending: fundamentals, AIAA Journal, 20, pp 693-699.

8. Krishna Murty A. V., (1984), Toward a consistent beam theory, AIAA Journal,
22, pp 811-816.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 95

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

9. Baluch M. H., Azad A. K., and Khidir M. A., (1984), Technical theory of beams
with normal strain, Journal of Engineering Mechanics Proceeding ASCE, 110,
pp 1233-1237.

10. Heyliger P. R., and Reddy J. N., (1988), A higher order beam finite element for
bending and vibration problems, Journal of Sound and vibration, 126(2), pp
309-326.

11. Bhimaraddi A., and Chandrashekhara K., (1993), Observations on higher-order

beam theory, Journal of Aerospace Engineering Proceeding of ASCE, Technical
Note., 6, pp 408-413.

12. Vlasov V. Z., and Leont’ev U. N., (1996), Beams, plates and shells on elastic
foundation. Chapter 1, pp 1-8. (Translated from Russian) Israel program for
scientific translation ltd., Jerusalem.

13. Stein M., (1989), Vibration of beams and plate strips with three-dimensional
flexibility, Transaction ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 56(1), pp 228-
231.

14. Ghugal Y. M., and Sharma R., (2009), Hyperbolic shear deformation theory for
flexure and vibration of thick isotropic beams, International Journal of
Computational Methods, 6(4), pp 585-604.

15. Ghugal Y. M., and Shimpi R. P., (2002), A review of refined shear deformation
theories for isotropic and anisotropic laminated beams, Journal of Reinforced
Plastics and Composites, 21, pp 775-813.

16. Ghugal Y. M., (2006), A simple higher order theory for beam with transverse
shear and transverse normal effect, Departmental Report 4, Applied mechanics
Department, Government college of Engineering, Aurangabad, India, pp 1-96.

17. Ambartsumian S. A., (1958), On the theory of bending plates, Izv otd Tech
Nauk an Sssr, 5, pp 69–77.

18. Kruszewski E. T., (1949), Effect of transverse shear and rotatory inertia on the
natural frequency of a uniform beam, NACA TN, 1909.

19. Touratier M., (1991), An efficient standard plate theory, International Journal of
Engineering Science, 29(8), pp 901–16.

20. Soldatos K. P., (1992), A transverse shear deformation theory for homogeneous
monoclinic plates, Acta Mechanica, 94, pp 195–200.

21. Karama M., Afaq K. S., and Mistou S., (2003), Mechanical behavior of
laminated composite beam by new multi-layered laminated composite structures
model with transverse shear stress continuity, International Journal of Solids
and Structures, 40, pp 1525–46.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 96

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011
Comparison of various shear deformation theories for the free vibration of thick isotropic beams
Atteshamuddin S. Sayyad

22. Akavci S. S., (2007), Buckling and free vibration analysis of symmetric and
antisymmetric laminated composite plates on an elastic foundation, Journal of
Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 26(18), pp 1907-1919

23. H. Lamb, (1917), On waves in an elastic plates, Proceeding of Royal society,

London, series a. 93, pp 114 – 128.

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 97

Volume 2 Issue 1 2011