Name Period Date Concept-Development Making Hypotheses ‘The word science comes from Latin, meaning “to know.” The word hypothesis comes from Greek, /yaicu 1S AN EDUCATED GUESS “underan idea.” A hypothesis (an educated guess) ( a HYPOTHESIS OR A THEORY ? often leads to new knowledge and may help to establish a theory. Examples: 1. We see items in a store priced at $2.98, or $3.98, or $4.98 etc. Why not $3, $4, or $5, etc? ‘Make a hypothesis for this by finishing the following: Items in a store are usually priced one or two cents lower than the nearest dollar because Suggest a way to test this hypothesis, (Hint: Imagine you own a chain of stores.) Another hypothesis is based on distrust of sales clerks before the use of cash registers. In those days, money was handled only by store owners. A cus- tomer buying a $5 item would give a $5 bill to the clerk who might “forget” to give itto the store owner at the cashier's window. At $4.98 the customer wants the change (2 cents), and so the clerk must go to the store owner to get it. Thus tradition and a custom started. How could you support the hypoth- esis that store owners established pricing policies to protect themselves against sales clerks ? (Hint: Imagine you have a librarian friend who has information on F.W. Woolworth.) ‘enddison Wesley Publishing Company. In Aight reserved. a 12, Itis well known that things generally expand when TCUT A DISK FROM THIS, heated. An iron plate gets slightly bigger, for example, IRON PLATE. WHEN | HEAT when put in a hot oven. But what of a hole in the THE PLATE, WILL THE HOLE middle of the iron? Will the hole get bigger orsmaller__ \_GET BIGGER, OR SMALLER 2 when expansion occurs? One friend says the size of, the hole will increase, and another says it will de- crease. a. What is your hypothesis about hole size, and if you are wrong, is there a test for finding out? Ava HAPPENS IE HE PLUGS ‘THE DISK BACK. INTO THE HOLE. ‘BEFORE HEATING here are often several ways to test a hypothesis, For example, you can perform a physical experiment and witness the results yourself, or you can use the library to find the reported results of other investigators. Which of these two methods do you favor, and why? |. Before the time of the printing press, books were hand-copied by scribes, many of whom were monks in monasteries, There is the story of the scribe who was frustrated to find a smudge on an impor- tant page he was copying, The smudge blotted out part of the sen- tence that reported the number of teeth in the head of a donkey. The scribe was very upset and didn’t know what to do. He consulted with other scribes to see if any of their books stated the number of teeth in the head of a donkey. After many hours of fruitless searching through the library, it was agreed that the best thing to do was to send a messenger by donkey to the next monastery and continue the search there. What would be your advice? Maxine Distinctions Many people don’t seem to see the difference between a thing and the abuse of the thing, For example, a city council that bans skate- boards may not distinguish between skateboarding and reckless skateboarding. A person who advocates that technology be banned ‘may not distinguish between technology and the abuses of tech- nology. There isa difference between a thing and the abuse of the thing. On a separate sheet of paper, list examples you can think of —then discuss your list and those of others with classmates. concentual BHYSICS 2 Chapter About Stience ‘©adason- Wesley Publishing Company. ne. Arights reservedName Period Date Concept-Development [Pam Practice Page z 1. The sketch shows a ball rolling at constant velocity along a level floor. The ball rolls from the first position shown to the second in I second. The two positons are 1 meter apart. Sketch the ball at successive 1-second intervals all the way to the wall (neglect resistance). [im —f Non-Accelerated Motion a. Did you draw successive ball positions evenly spaced, farther apatt, or closer together? Why? b. The ball reaches the wall with a speed of __m/s and takes a time of. seconds. . Table I shows data of sprinting speeds ofsome animals. Make whatever ANIMAL [DISTANCE] TIME [SPEED computations are necessary to com- Cpeciedee cys cael erseue ice a alae GREYHOUND | 160m | 108 Table I GAZELLE Akm 400 krry/n Accelerated Motion TURTLE 30s Temis 3. An object starting from rest gains a speed v= at when it undergoes uniform acceleration. The distance it covers is d= 1/2 af. Uniform accelera- tion occurs for a ball rolling down an inclined plane. The plane below is tilted so a ball picks up a speed of 2 m/s each second; then its acceleration a= 2 m/s*. The positions of the ball are shown for 1-second intervals. Complete the six blank spaces for distance covered, and the four blank spaces for speeds. a. Do you see that the total distance from the starting point increases as the square of the time? ‘This was discovered by Galileo. Ifthe incline were to continue, predict the ball’s distance from the starting point for the next 3 seconds. b. Note the increase of distance between ball positions with time. Do you see an odd-integer pattem (also discovered by Galileo) for this increase? Ifthe incline were to continue, predict the successive distances between ball positions for the next 3 seconds. (Clow yee rey for “Mery We Rol Along” inthe kb oral) concertu”l BHYSICS ‘eadason- Wesley Publishing Company, ne. A rights reser Chapter? Linear Motion 3