FORMULARIO DE ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a 2 − ab + b 2 ) = a3 + b3 Gráfica 4.

Las funciones trigonométricas inversas

arcctg x , arcsec x , arccsc x : sen α + sen β = 2 sen
1 1
(α + β ) ⋅ cos (α − β )
2 2
CÁLCULO DIFERENCIAL ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a3 − a 2 b + ab 2 − b3 ) = a 4 − b 4 HIP 1 1
CO sen α − sen β = 2sen (α − β ) ⋅ cos (α + β )
4

E INTEGRAL VER.3.7 ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a 4 − a 3b + a 2 b 2 − ab3 + b 4 ) = a5 + b5 2 2

θ
3
1 1
Jesús Rubí Miranda (jesusrubi1@yahoo.com) ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a5 − a 4 b + a3b 2 − a 2 b3 + ab4 − b5 ) = a 6 − b6 cos α + cos β = 2 cos (α + β ) ⋅ cos (α − β )
http://mx.geocities.com/estadisticapapers/ CA 2 2 2
 n  1 1
http://mx.geocities.com/dicalculus/ ( a + b ) ⋅  ∑ ( −1) a n− k b k −1  = a n + b n ∀ n ∈
k +1
impar 1 cos α − cos β = −2sen (α + β ) ⋅ sen (α − β )
 k =1  θ sen cos tg ctg sec csc 2 2
VALOR ABSOLUTO
sen (α ± β )
0
 n  0 0 1 0 ∞ 1 ∞
 a si a ≥ 0 ( a + b ) ⋅  ∑ ( −1) a n− k b k −1  = a n − b n ∀ n ∈
k +1
par tg α ± tg β =
a =  k =1  12 3 2 1 3 2 3 -1
cos α ⋅ cos β
 −a si a < 0 30 3 2 arc ctg x
arc sec x
arc csc x
SUMAS Y PRODUCTOS 45 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1
a = −a sen (α − β ) + sen (α + β ) 
-2
-5 0 5
sen α ⋅ cos β =
n
60 3 2 12 3 1 3 2 2 3 2
a≤ a y −a≤ a a1 + a2 + + a n = ∑ ak IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS 1
a ≥0y a =0 ⇔ a=0
k =1 90 1 0 ∞ 0 ∞ 1 sen α ⋅ sen β = cos (α − β ) − cos (α + β ) 
n
2
sen θ + cos 2 θ = 1 2
n n ∑ c = nc y = ∠ sen x
 π π
y ∈ − ,  1 + ctg 2 θ = csc2 θ
1
cos α ⋅ cos β = cos (α − β ) + cos (α + β ) 
ab = a b ó ∏a k = ∏ ak k =1
n n
 2 2 2
k =1 k =1
y ∈ [ 0, π ] tg 2 θ + 1 = sec 2 θ
n n ∑ ca k = c ∑ ak y = ∠ cos x
tg α ⋅ tg β =
tg α + tg β
a+b ≤ a + b ó ∑a
k =1
k ≤ ∑ ak
k =1
k =1
n
k =1
n n y = ∠ tg x y∈ −
π π
,
sen ( −θ ) = − sen θ ctg α + ctg β
∑(a k + bk ) = ∑ ak + ∑ bk 2 2 cos ( −θ ) = cos θ FUNCIONES HIPERBÓLICAS
EXPONENTES k =1 k =1 k =1
1
p+q n y = ∠ ctg x = ∠ tg y ∈ 0, π tg ( −θ ) = − tg θ e x − e− x
a ⋅a = a
∑(a
p q
k − ak −1 ) = an − a0 x senh x =
ap k =1
1 sen (θ + 2π ) = sen θ 2
= a p −q y = ∠ sec x = ∠ cos y ∈ [ 0, π ] e x + e− x
cos (θ + 2π ) = cosθ
n
aq n x cosh x =
∑  a + ( k − 1) d  = 2  2a + ( n − 1) d  2
(a ) p q
= a pq k =1
y = ∠ csc x = ∠ sen
1  π π
y ∈ − ,  tg (θ + 2π ) = tg θ
senh x e x − e − x
n x  2 2 tgh x = =
( a ⋅ b)
p
= ap ⋅ bp (a + l )
= sen (θ + π ) = − sen θ cosh x e x + e− x
2 Gráfica 1. Las funciones trigonométricas: sen x ,
p n
1− r n
a − rl cos (θ + π ) = − cosθ 1 e x + e− x
a ap ctgh x = =
  = p ∑ ar k −1
=a
1− r
=
1− r
cos x , tg x :
tg (θ + π ) = tg θ tgh x e x − e − x
b b k =1
2
1 2
sen (θ + nπ ) = ( −1) sen θ
n
1
∑ k = 2 (n + n)
n
ap/q = ap
q 2 sech x = =
1.5
cosh x e x + e − x
cos (θ + nπ ) = ( −1) cos θ
k =1 n
LOGARITMOS n
1 1 2
1 csch x = =
log a N = x ⇒ a x = N ∑k 2

6
( 2n3 + 3n2 + n )
= 0.5
tg (θ + nπ ) = tg θ senh x e x − e − x
k =1
log a MN = log a M + log a N senh : →
sen ( nπ ) = 0
0
n
1
∑ k 3 = ( n 4 + 2n3 + n 2 )
log a
M
= log a M − log a N 4
-0.5
cosh : → [1, ∞
cos ( nπ ) = ( −1)
k =1 n
N n
-1
tgh : → −1,1
1
log a N r = r log a N ∑ k 4 = ( 6n5 + 15n4 + 10n3 − n ) -1.5 sen x
tg ( nπ ) = 0
30 − {0} → −∞ , −1 ∪ 1, ∞
cos x
k =1 tg x ctgh :
logb N ln N
+ ( 2n − 1) = n 2
-2
 2n + 1 
π  = ( −1)
n
log a N = = 1+ 3 + 5 + -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
sen  sech : → 0,1]
logb a ln a  2 
n Gráfica 2. Las funciones trigonométricas csc x ,
log10 N = log N y log e N = ln N n! = ∏ k  2n + 1  csch : − {0} → − {0}
k =1 sec x , ctg x : cos  π=0
ALGUNOS PRODUCTOS  2  Gráfica 5. Las funciones hiperbólicas senh x ,
n n!
a ⋅ ( c + d ) = ac + ad  = , k≤n  2n + 1 
2.5
cosh x , tgh x :
 k  ( n − k )! k ! 2 tg  π=∞
 2 
(a + b) ⋅ ( a − b) = a − b 2 2
n
 n 
1.5 5

( x + y ) = ∑   x n−k y k
n
1
 π
( a + b ) ⋅ ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2 4
k =0  k  0.5 sen θ = cos  θ − 
 2 3

( )( ) ( ) = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
2
a − b ⋅ a − b = a − b
0
n! π
2

( x1 + x2 + + xk ) =∑ 
n
x1n1 ⋅ x2n2 nk
x -0.5
cos θ = sen θ + 
( x + b ) ⋅ ( x + d ) = x 2 + ( b + d ) x + bd
k 1
n1 !n2 ! nk ! -1  2 0

( ax + b ) ⋅ ( cx + d ) = acx 2 + ( ad + bc ) x + bd CONSTANTES
-1.5

-2
csc x
sec x
sen (α ± β ) = sen α cos β ± cos α sen β -1

( a + b ) ⋅ ( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd π = 3.14159265359… cos (α ± β ) = cos α cos β ∓ sen α sen β

ctg x -2
-2.5 senh x
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 -3
e = 2.71828182846…
cosh x

( a + b ) = a3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 + b3 tg α ± tg β
3 tgh x

tg (α ± β ) =
-4
Gráfica 3. Las funciones trigonométricas inversas -5 0 5
TRIGONOMETRÍA 1 ∓ tg α tg β
( a − b ) = a 3 − 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 − b3
3
arcsen x , arccos x , arctg x :
CO 1 sen 2θ = 2sen θ cosθ FUNCS HIPERBÓLICAS INVERSAS
sen θ = cscθ =
( a + b + c ) = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
( )
2
HIP sen θ 4
cos 2θ = cos 2 θ − sen 2 θ senh −1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 , ∀x ∈
( a − b ) ⋅ ( a 2 + ab + b 2 ) = a 3 − b3 cosθ =
CA
secθ =
1
2 tg θ
( )
3

HIP cos θ tg 2θ = cosh −1 x = ln x ± x 2 − 1 , x ≥ 1

1 − tg 2 θ
( a − b ) ⋅ ( a3 + a 2 b + ab2 + b3 ) = a 4 − b 4 sen θ CO 1
2

tg θ = = ctg θ = 1 1 1+ x 
( a − b ) ⋅ ( a 4 + a 3b + a 2 b 2 + ab3 + b 4 ) = a 5 − b5 cos θ CA tg θ 1 sen 2 θ = (1 − cos 2θ ) tgh −1 x = ln  , x <1
2 2 1− x 
 n  π radianes=180 1 1  x +1
( a − b ) ⋅  ∑ a n −k b k −1  = a n − b n ∀n ∈ cos 2 θ = (1 + cos 2θ )
0

ctgh −1 x = ln  , x >1
 k =1  -1
2 2  x −1
1 − cos 2θ
arc sen x
arc cos x
arc tg x tg 2 θ =  1 ± 1 − x2 
-2
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 1 + cos 2θ sech −1 x = ln  , 0 < x ≤ 1
 x 
 
 1 x +1 
2
csch x = ln  +
−1
, x ≠ 0
x x 

IDENTIDADES DE FUNCS HIP d dv
( uv ) = u + v
du DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIPERBÓLICAS INTEGRALES DE FUNCS LOG & EXP
∫ tgh udu = ln cosh u
cosh 2 x − senh 2 x = 1 dx dx dx
∫ e du = e
u u
d du
d dw dv du senh u = cosh u ∫ ctgh udu = ln senh u
1 − tgh 2 x = sech 2 x ( uvw) = uv + uw + vw dx dx
a u a > 0
ctgh 2 x − 1 = csch x
dx dx dx dx d
cosh u = senh u
du ∫ a du = ln a a ≠ 1
u
∫ sech udu = ∠ tg ( senh u )
d  u  v ( du dx ) − u ( dv dx ) dx dx
∫ csch udu = − ctgh ( cosh u )
−1
senh ( − x ) = − senh x   = au  1 
dx  v  v2 d du
∫ ua du = ln a ⋅  u − ln a 
u

cosh ( − x ) = cosh x tgh u = sech 2 u 1

d n n −1 du dx dx = ln tgh u
tgh ( − x ) = − tgh x
( u ) = nu dx 2
d du ∫ ue du = e ( u − 1)
u u
dx ctgh u = − csch 2 u
dx dx INTREGRALES DE FRAC
senh ( x ± y ) = senh x cosh y ± cosh x senh y dF dF du
∫ ln udu =u ln u − u = u ( ln u − 1)
= ⋅ (Regla de la Cadena) d du du 1 u
cosh ( x ± y ) = cosh x cosh y ± senh x senh y dx du dx
dx
sech u = − sech u tgh u
dx 1 u ∫u 2
+ a2 a
= ∠ tg
tgh x ± tgh y
du
=
1
d du
∫ log a udu =ln a ( u ln u − u ) = ln a ( ln u − 1) 1
a
u
tgh ( x ± y ) = dx dx du csch u = − csch u ctgh u = − ∠ ctg
1 ± tgh x tgh y dx dx u2 a a
senh 2 x = 2senh x cosh x
dF dF du
= ∫ u log a udu = 4 ⋅ ( 2 log a u − 1) du 1 u−a
dx dx du DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIP INV
u2 ∫ u 2 − a 2 = 2a ln u + a (u 2
> a2 )
cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + senh 2 x
dy dy dt f 2′ ( t )  x = f1 ( t )
d
senh −1 u =
1
⋅
du
∫ u ln udu = 4 ( 2 ln u − 1) du 1 a+u
tgh 2 x =
2 tgh x =
dx dx dt
=
f1′( t )
donde 
 y = f 2 ( t )
dx 1 + u 2 dx
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO ∫ a 2 − u 2 = 2a ln a − u (u 2
< a2 )
1 + tgh 2 x +
 si cosh u > 0
-1
d ±1 du
cosh −1 u = ⋅ , u >1 
senh 2 x =
1
( cosh 2 x − 1)
DERIVADA DE FUNCS LOG & EXP dx u 2 − 1 dx − si cosh u < 0
-1 ∫ sen udu = − cos u INTEGRALES CON
d du dx 1 du du u
2
1 dx
( ln u ) =
u
= ⋅
u dx
d
tgh −1 u =
1 du
⋅ , u <1 ∫ cos udu = sen u ∫ = ∠ sen
a
cosh 2 x = ( cosh 2 x + 1) dx 1 − u 2 dx a2 − u2
∫ sec udu = tg u
2
2 d log e du u
( log u ) = ⋅ d
ctgh −1 u =
1 du
⋅ , u >1 = −∠ cos
cosh 2 x − 1 dx u dx
∫ csc udu = − ctg u
2
tgh 2 x = dx 1 − u 2 dx a

( )
cosh 2 x + 1 d log e du du
( log a u ) = a ⋅ a > 0, a ≠ 1 d ∓1 du − si sech u > 0, u ∈ 0,1
−1
∫ sec u tg udu = sec u ∫ = ln u + u 2 ± a 2
senh 2 x dx u dx sech −1 u = ⋅  u 2 ± a2
tgh x = d u dx −1
u 1 − u 2 dx + si sech u < 0, u ∈ 0,1
u du
cosh 2 x + 1 ( )
e = e ⋅ ∫ csc u ctg udu = − csc u du 1 u
e x = cosh x + senh x
dx dx d
csch −1 u = −
1 du
⋅ , u≠0 ∫u ln =
−x
d u
( a ) = a u ln a ⋅
du dx u 1 + u 2 dx ∫ tg udu = − ln cos u = ln sec u a a + a2 ± u 2
a2 ± u 2
e = cosh x − senh x dx dx du 1 a
OTRAS d v du dv INTEGRALES DEFINIDAS, ∫ ctg udu = ln sen u ∫ u u 2 − a 2 = a ∠ cos u
dx
( u ) = vu v −1
dx
+ ln u ⋅ u v ⋅
dx PROPIEDADES ∫ sec udu = ln sec u + tg u
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 1 u
= ∠ sec
{ f ( x ) ± g ( x )} dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx ± ∫ g ( x ) dx
b b b

⇒ x=
−b ± b 2 − 4ac DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES TRIGO ∫a a a ∫ csc udu = ln csc u − ctg u a a
d du u 2 a2 u
2a ( sen u ) = cos u ∫ a − u du = 2 a − u + 2 ∠ sen a
b b 2 2 2

∫ cf ( x ) dx = c ⋅ ∫ f ( x ) dx c∈ u 1
∫ sen udu =
− sen 2u
2
b 2 − 4ac = discriminante dx dx a a
2 4
( )
2
d du b c b
f ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx u 2 a
exp (α ± i β ) = eα ( cos β ± i sen β ) si α , β ∈ ( cos u ) = − sen u ∫ u 1 ∫ u ± a du = 2 u ± a ± 2 ln u + u ± a
2 2 2 2 2

∫ cos udu = 2 + 4 sen 2u

a a c 2
dx dx b a
LÍMITES d du ∫ f ( x ) dx = − ∫ f ( x ) dx MAS INTEGRALES
( tg u ) = sec2 u a b
∫ tg udu = tg u − u
2
1
dx dx e au ( a sen bu − b cos bu )
lim (1 + x ) x = e = 2.71828...
a
∫ f ( x ) dx = 0
∫e sen bu du =
au
d du
∫ ctg
2
udu = − ( ctg u + u )
( ctg u ) = − csc2 u
x→0 a
x b
a2 + b2
 1
lim 1 +  = e
dx dx m ⋅ ( b − a ) ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ M ⋅ ( b − a ) e au ( a cos bu + b sen bu )
x →∞
 x d
( sec u ) = sec u tg u
du a
∫ u sen udu = sen u − u cos u ∫ e cos bu du =
au

dx dx ⇔ m ≤ f ( x ) ≤ M ∀x ∈ [ a, b ] , m, M ∈ a2 + b2
lim
sen x
=1 b b ∫ u cos udu = cos u + u sen u ALGUNAS SERIES
x→0 x d
( csc u ) = − csc u ctg u
du
∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ ∫ g ( x ) dx INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO INV f '' ( x0 )( x − x0 )
a a 2
1 − cos x dx dx
lim =0 ⇔ f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) ∀x ∈ [ a , b ] f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )( x − x0 ) +
d du
∫ ∠ sen udu = u∠ sen u + 1 − u
2
x→0 x ( vers u ) = sen u b b
2!

lim
ex − 1
=1
dx dx
∫ f ( x ) dx ≤ ∫ f ( x ) dx si a < b
a a
∫ ∠ cos udu = u∠ cos u − 1 − u
2
+ +
f ( n ) ( x0 )( x − x0 )
n

: Taylor
x→0 x DERIV DE FUNCS TRIGO INVER
INTEGRALES n!
∫ ∠ tg udu = u∠ tg u − ln 1 + u
2
x −1 d 1 du f '' ( 0 ) x
( ∠ sen u ) =
2
lim =1 ⋅
x →1 ln x dx 1 − u 2 dx ∫ adx =ax f ( x ) = f ( 0) + f '( 0) x +
∫ ∠ ctg udu = u∠ ctg u + ln 1 + u 2!
2

DERIVADAS d
( ∠ cos u ) = −
1 du
∫ af ( x ) dx = a ∫ f ( x ) dx ( n)
( 0) x
∫ ∠ sec udu = u∠ sec u − ln ( u + u )
n
⋅ f
f ( x + ∆x ) − f ( x ) dx 1 − u 2 dx
2
−1 + + : Maclaurin
df ∆y
Dx f ( x ) = = lim
dx ∆x →0 ∆x
= lim
∆x → 0 ∆x d 1 du ∫ ( u ± v ± w ± ) dx = ∫ udx ± ∫ vdx ± ∫ wdx ± = u∠ sec u − ∠ cosh u
n!
( ∠ tg u ) = ⋅ x 2 x3 xn
∫ udv = uv − ∫ vdu ( Integración por partes ) ex = 1 + x + + + + +
∫ ∠ csc udu = u∠ csc u + ln ( u + )
d dx 1 + u 2 dx
(c) = 0 d 1 du
u2 − 1 2! 3! n!
dx
( ∠ ctg u ) = − u n +1 x 2 n −1
3 5 7
⋅ x x x
∫ u du = n + 1 n ≠ −1 + + ( −1)
n n −1
d dx 1 + u 2 dx = u∠ csc u + ∠ cosh u sen x = x − + −
( cx ) = c 3! 5! 7! ( 2n − 1)!
dx d 1 du + si u > 1 du INTEGRALES DE FUNCS HIP
( ∠ sec u ) = ± ⋅ 
∫ u = ln u x2 x4 x6 x 2n−2
+ ( −1)
n −1
d cos x = 1 − + − +
dx
( cx n ) = ncx n−1 dx u u 2 − 1 dx − si u < −1 ∫ senh udu = cosh u 2! 4! 6! ( 2n − 2 ) !
d 1 du  − si u > 1
d du dv dw
(u ± v ± w ± ) = ± ± ±
( ∠ csc u ) = ∓ ⋅  ∫ cosh udu = senh u x 2 x3 x 4
ln (1 + x ) = x −+ − + + ( −1)
n −1 x
n

dx dx dx dx
dx u u 2 − 1 dx  + si u < −1 2 3 4 n
∫ sech udu = tgh u
2
d 1 du
d
( cu ) = c
du ( ∠ vers u ) = ⋅ x3 x5 x7
∠ tg x = x − + − + + ( −1)
n −1 x
2 n −1

∫ csch udu = − ctgh u

2
dx dx dx 2u − u 2 dx 3 5 7 2n − 1
∫ sech u tgh udu = − sech u
∫ csch u ctgh udu = − csch u