my Tea Macy (aa VED EL SUL Planning, Scheduling and Controlling ee ee Cua ec resources and schedules inline with efficient planning is the objective of this mmission. Construction Project Management provides a thorough understanding of construction project management by providing various concepts, practical insights, Par eee eee CLs ee er ee ec he ee ed construction projectsin India, iraq, Saudi Arabia, Sultanate of Oman and UAE. It Pree een tuscan st ‘examples, problems, exhibits and data have been included to demystify the piss The book contains 18 chapters, divided into four parts: Cee ea a Oy a a ue Reece ee rea eae) Time planning: Methodologies for breaking down project work into activities, activity duration estimation, modelling and time analysis of CPM, PERT and Precedence networks. Preparation of time-limited and resources-imited eer Resource Planning: Strategies for planning manpower, construction materials, plant machinery, production costs and project budgets Grganisation of control systems, methodologies for ect ee eR ae acu pear ede ee esi ec ea Re ee eee ea Ce orem eee ec oes TUE eeu UTC ey a INJINJOWNVIN' 193f08d NOLNUSNOD PCy eT Tete aa MANAGEMENT - Planning, Scheduling and Controlanna nr Construction Project Management Planning, Scheduling and Controlling K K Chitkara Insitole of Constuetion Projec! Monagement ‘Gurgaon, Horyana, ledia @ ‘Toto McGrew-Hill Publishing Company Limited NEW ELIT ‘McGrao Hil Offices New Delhi New York St Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogoti Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo TorontoOn the 50th Year of India’s Independence Dedicated to the martyrs ‘who sacrificed their lines toffee the Indian sub-continent @ Tata McGraw-Hill 1 1998, Tata McGraw-Hill Pablshing Company Limited | Fifteenth reprist 2008, R/ZNCRYXDRAY [No past ofthis publication may be reproduced or dsyibued in any erm or by any means, without the rir writen permission ofthe publishers, This edition an be exported fom India only bythe publishers, ‘Tata «Sraw-Hi Publishing Company Lime. 1SBN-13:978.097-4620625 SBN: 07-82002-2 Published by te Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 7 West Patel Nagar. New Deni 110 OOB, primed at Sai Primi Pack Pot Ld, AcIn24. Okla Industrial Area, Phase, New Delhi 110.020,Preface Construction Project Monagement, in its present form, is the end product of my over 25, ‘years experience at senior Jevel of planning and managing major construction project, both in Indio and the Middle East; and imparting instructions op the subject to practicing professionals, engineers and engineering student, Project is a mission, undertaken to create a unique facility, product/r service within the specified scope, quality, time, and costs. With the emerging global opportunities, projects ross geographical boundaries, corporate chansels, traditional egteme and cultural diverstie, ‘The knowledge areas needed to manage such projecta comprise projet management techniques, general management practices and technology-related subjects. The project management techniques of planning, scheduling and controlling are the tools and devices that bind the subject's knowledge areas. These techniques can be applied to all types of projects. This book covers their application in the field of construction. ‘The construction industry accounts for 6-9% of the Grose Domestic Product (GDP) of ‘many countries. The value of annual construction activity in the world exceeds one trillion dollars. Unfortunately, due to the secretive nature of construction business, knowledge sgsined in planaing, scheduling and controlling construction process is rarely disseminated. Consequently, the cost of inefficiency is being incurred as a recurring cost. Moreover, in various businesses, the rate of business failure of construction contractors is one of the highest. Ono of the reasons for this high rate of failures is the lack of knowledge. ‘There isa vast stope for improving performance through knowledge in the construction industry, where men, materials, machinery, money and management work together to build a facility. Perhaps, it is one of the rare industries in the world that can provide wach « vast seape far enst and time reduction at micro-evel This book describes the planning, scheduling and controlling of time and cost in construction projects, Though vital for performance improvement, this subject is often neglected. The subject covered in this book is divided into four parts spanning eighteen chapters and the text is illustrated with real life eases: * Construction Project Management Overview Chapters 1 and 2 provide an inteoduetion to the subject. They cover the nature of construction industry, describe onstruction project concepts and characteristics, nd outline project development process ‘While highlighting salient features of the project management process, they explain the causes for project failures, outline approach and importance of planning, scheduling ‘and controlling in construction projects, including the functions and role of the chief planner. + Time Planning Chapter 4 describes the methodology for breaking down project work into activities and for activity duration estimation, Chapters 4 and 5 cover the ‘methodology for modelling and time analysis of CPM, PERT and Precedence networks,vii Proce some SSS Preparation of time-limited and resources limited schedules are described in Chapter 6. + Resource Planning This part containing six chapters is devoted to the strategy for planning manpower, construction materials, plant and machinery, production costa land project budget. + Planning Control System This part containing six chapters deals with organization of control system; techniques for controlling resource productivity, costs and time; codification of planning aystem; and management of project information system using computers Bach chapter of Construction Project Management can be expanded into a volume, but its scope has been restricted to the present size by making trade-offs between technique laboration and their application coverage. A comprehensive bibliography has been included ‘o supplement information on each topic. A CD-ROM covering lesson plans and selftest exercises for on-line study of the subject covered in the book is being prepared, and is likely t» be available by the end of 1999 is book is designed for use by: + Project managers and their team members ‘+ Managers in corporate office dealing with the managment and execution of construction Projects + Academician, trainers and trainees connected with project management * Consultants and specialists like architects, engineers, quantity.surveyors, accountants and other managers associated with projects + Practicing engineers and students studying construction management and those new to the concept and techniques used in Project Management ‘The subjects covered mainly deal with contractor-oriented Project Management, as woll as client-directed Project Management, This book presupposes fundamental ‘engineering knowledge and familiarity with construction process and practices. My interest in project management kuowledge areas started in the early seventies, when as Commander Works Engineer of a Cantonment Construction Project, { conducted 8 number of project management courses to train the staff and engineer officers of the Military Engineering Services in India, Since then, I have been teaching and practising management of construction projects, Despite best efforts. the possibility of some errors in the book cannot be ruled out. I welcome readers’ comments to make improvements in this book. My e-mail addresses are chitkara@icpm.com chitkara@nda_vsnl.netin It is hoped that the subject covered in this book will. stimulate wider discussions and enable further development of project management techniques KK Curmaza Acknowledgements mn particular, I am grateful to the following: * Lt Gen. SN Sharma, PVSM, AVSM, retired Engineerin-Chief ofthe Indian Army, for launching me into the feld of project management, + Dr RA Maker, Managing Director of Makers Development Services, for permitting te to include case illustrations from 2000 Housing Units Projet at Baghdad, Tray + Col R N.Kanwar, for his interest and sound eounsel + Mr K'S Kharb, Executive Director, Som Dutt Builders, for allowing me to reproduce 2 table from his book, {ME Mohammad Yusuff Khan, for word processing the major part of the manuscript. + Management, staff and students ofthe National Institute of Construction Management. and Research, India, for their contribution, * Tata Consultancy Services Ltd and KLG Systel Ltd for providing computer software support. Last but not the least, am thankful to my family for their understanding and continuing ‘support which saw me through the extended working hours,