1. Test Information  Rephrase the question—putting the question 5.

ABG Values
 Six hours—the maximum time allotted for the into your own words can pluck the unneeded info  pH: 7.36—7.45
NCLEX is 6 hours. Take breaks if youneed a time and reveal the core of the stem.  HCO3: 24—26 mEq/L
outor needtomove around.  Make an educated guess—if you can’t make  CO2: 35—45 mEq/L
 75/265—the minimum number of questions the best answer for a question after carefully  PaO2: 80%—100%
you can answer is 75 and a maximum of 265. reading it, choose the answer with the most
 SaO2: >95%
 Read the question and answers carefully—do not information.
6. Acid-BaseBalance
jump into conclusions or make wild guesses. 2. Vital Signs
 Remember ROME (respiratory
 Look for keywords—Avoid answers with  Heart rate: 80—100 bpm
opposite/metabolic equal) to remember that in
absolutes like always, never, all, every, only, must,  Respiratory rate: 12-20 rpm respiratory acid/base disorders the pH is
except, none, or no.  Blood pressure: 110-120/60 mmHg opposite to the other components.
 Don’t read into the question—Never assume  Temperature: 37 °C (98.6 °F)  Use the Tic-Tac-Toe Method for
anything that hasnot been specifically 3. Hematology values interpreting ABGs. Read more about it 7.
mentioned and don’t add extra meaning to the  RBCs: 4.5—5.0 million Chemistry Values
question.  WBCs: 5,000—10,000  Glucose: 70—110mg/dL
 Eliminate answers that are clearly wrong or incorrect—  Platelets: 200,000—400,000  Specific Gravity:1.010—1.030
to increase your probability of selecting the  Hemoglobin (Hgb): 12—16 gm (female); 14—18  BUN: 7-22 mg/dL
correct answer! gm (male).  Serum creatinine: 0.6—1.35 mg/dL
 Watch for grammatical inconsistencies—Subjects  Hematocrit (Hct): 37—47 (female); 40— 54  LDH: 100-190 U/L
and verbs should agree. If the question is an (male)  Protein: 6.2—8.1 g/dL
incomplete sentence, the correct answer should 4. Serum electrolytes
 Albumin: 3.4—5.0g/dL
complete the question in a grammatically  Sodium: 135—145mEq/L
correct manner.
 Bilirubin: <1.0 mg/dL
 Potassium: 3.5—5.5mEq/L
 Total Cholesterol: 130—200 mg/dL
 Calcium: 8.5—10.9mEq/L
 Triglyceride: 40—50mg/dL
 Chloride: 95—105mEq/L
 Uric acid: 3.5—7.5 mg/dL
 Magnesium: 1.5—2.5 mEq/L
 CPK: 21-232 U/L
 Phosphorus: 2.5—4.5 mEq/L
8. Therapeutic DrugLevels
 Carbamazepine (Tegretol): 4—10 mcg/ml
 Digoxin (Lanoxin): 0.8—2.0 ng/ml
 Gentamycin (Garamycin): 5—10 mcg/ml (peak),
<2.0 mcg/ml (valley)
 Lithium (Eskalith): 0.8—1.5 mEq/L
 Phenobarbital (Solfoton): 15—40 mcg/mL
 Phenytoin (Dilantin): 10—20 mcg/dL
 Theophylline (Aminophylline): 10—20 mcg/dL
 Tobramycin (Tobrex): 5—10 mcg/mL (peak),
0.5—2.0 mcg/mL (valley)
 Valproic Acid (Depakene): 50—100 mcg/ml
 Vancomycin (Vancocin): 20—40 mcg/ml (peak), 5 to
15 mcg/ml (trough)
9. Anticoagulant therapy
 Sodium warfarin (Coumadin) PT: 10—12 seconds
(control). The antidote is Vitamin K.
 INR (Coumadin): 0.9—1.2
 Heparin PTT: 30—45 seconds (control). The
antidoteis protaminesulfate.
 APTT: 23.3—31.9 seconds
 Fibrinogen level: 203—377 mg/dL
10. Conversions
 1 teaspoon (t) = 5 ml
 1 tablespoon (T) = 3 t = 15 ml
 1 oz = 30 ml
 1 cup = 8 oz
 1 quart = 2 pints
 1 pint = 2 cups
 1 grain (gr) = 60 mg
 1 gram (g) = 1,000 mg
 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 lbs
 1 lb = 16 oz
 Convert C to F: C+40 multiply by 9/5 and subtract
40
 Convert F to C: F+40 multiply by 5/9 and subtract
40
11. MaternityNormal Values
 Fetal Heart Rate: 120—160 bpm
 Variability: 6—10 bpm
 Amniotic fluid: 500—1200 ml
 Contractions: 2—5 minutes apart with duration
of < 90 seconds and intensity of <100 mmHg.
 APGAR Scoring: Appearance, Pulses, Grimace,
Activity, Reflex Irritability. Done at 1 and 5 minutes
with a score of 0 for absent, 1 for decreased,
and 2 for strongly positive. Scores 7 and above
are generally normal, 4 to 6 fairly low, and 3 and
below are generally regarded as critically low.
 AVA: The umbilical cord has two arteries and one
vein.
12. STOP—Treatment for maternal hypotension
after an epidural anesthesia:
 Stop infusion of Pitocin.
 Turn the client on her left side.
 Administer oxygen.
 If hypovolemia is present, push IV fluids.
13. Pregnancy Category of Drugs
 Category A—No risk in controlled human studies
 Category B—No risk in other studies.
Examples: Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime.
 CategoryC—Risk not ruled out.
Examples: Rifampicin (Rifampin),
Theophylline (Theolair).
 Category D—Positive evidence of risk.
Examples: Phenytoin, Tetracycline.
 Category X—Contraindicated in
Pregnancy. Examples: Isotretinoin
(Accutane), Thalidomide (Immunoprin), etc.
 Pregnancy Category N—Not yet
classified
14. Drug Schedules
 Schedule I—no currently accepted medical
use and for research use only (e.g., heroin,
LSD, MDMA).
 Schedule II—drugs with high potential for
abuse and requires written prescription
(e.g., Ritalin, hydromorphone (Dilaudid),
meperidine (Demerol), and fentanyl).
 Schedule III—requires new prescription after
six months or five refills (e.g., codeine,
testosterone, ketamine).
 Schedule IV—requires new prescription after
six months (e.g., Darvon, Xanax, Soma, and
Valium).
 Schedule V—dispensed as any other
prescription or without prescription (e.g.,
cough preparations, Lomotil, Motofen).
15. Medication Classifications
 Antacids—reduces hydrochloric acid in the
stomach.
 Antianemics—increases blood cell
production.
  Anticholinergics—decreases oral
secretions.
 Anticoagulants—prevents clot
formation,
 Anticonvulsants—used for management of seizures
and/or bipolar disorders.
 Antidiarrheals—decreases gastric motility and
reduce water in bowel.
 Antihistamines—block the release of
histamine.
 Antihypertensives—lower blood pressure
and increases blood flow.
 Anti-infectives—used for the treatment of
infections,
 Bronchodilators—dilates large air passages in
asthma or lung diseases (e.g., COPD).
 Diuretics—decreases water/sodium from the
Loop of Henle.
 Laxatives—promotes the passage of stool.
 Miotics—constricts the pupils.
 Mydriatics—dilates the pupils.
 Narcotics/analgesics—relieves
moderate to severe pain.
16. Rules of nines for calculating Total Body
Surface Area (TBSA) for burns
 Head: 9%
 Arms: 18% (9% each)
 Back: 18%
 Legs: 36% (18%each)
 Genitalia: 1%
17. Medications
 Digoxin (Lanoxin)—Assess pulses for a fullminute,
if lessthan60 bpmhold
dose. Check digitalis and potassium levels.
 Aluminum Hydroxide (Amphojel)— Treatment
of GERD and kidney stones. WOF
constipation.
 Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)—Treatment of anxiety
and itching. WOF dry mouth.
 Midazolam (Versed)—given for conscious
sedation. WOF respiratory depressionand
hypotension.
 Amiodarone (Cordarone)—WOF diaphoresis,
dyspnea, lethargy. Take missed dose any time
in the day or to skip it entirely. Do not take double
dose.
 Warfarin (Coumadin)—WOF for signs of bleeding,
diarrhea, fever, or rash. Stress importance of
complying with prescribed dosage and
follow-up appointments.
 Methylphenidate (Ritalin)—Treatment of ADHD.
Assess for heart related side- effects and
reported immediately. Child may need a drug
holiday because the drug stunts growth.
 Dopamine—Treatment ofhypotension, shock,
and low cardiac output. Monitor ECG for
arrhythmias and blood pressure.
 Rifampicin—causes red-orange tears and
urine.
 Ethambutol—causes problems with vision,
liverproblem.
 Isoniazid—can cause peripheral neuritis, take
vitamin B6 to counter.
18. Developmental Milestones
 2—3 months: able to turn head up, and can
turn side to side. Makes cooing or gurgling
noises and can turn head to sound.
 4—5 months: grasps, switch and roll over
tummy to back. Can babble and can
mimic sounds.
 6—7 months: sits at 6 and waves bye- bye. Can
recognize familiar facesand knows if
someone is a stranger. Passes things back and
forth between hands.
 8—9 months: stands straight at eight, has
favorite toy, plays peek-a-boo.
 10—11 months: belly to butt.
 12—13 months: twelve and up, drinks from a
cup. Cries when parents leave, uses
furniture to cruise.
19. Cultural Considerations
 African Americans—May believe that illness is
caused by supernatural causes and seek advice
and remedies form faith healers; they are family
oriented; have higher incidence of high blood
pressure and obesity; high incidence of lactose
intolerance with difficulty digesting milk and
milk products.
 Arab Americans—May remain silent about
health problems such as STIs, substance
abuse, and mental illness; a devout Muslim
may interpret illness as the will of Allah, a test
of faith; may rely on ritual cures or alternative
therapies before seeking help from health
care provider; after death, the family may
 want to prepare the body by washing and wrapping
the body in unsewn white cloth; postmortem
examinationsare discouraged unless required by
law.
May avoid pork and alcohol if Muslim. Islamic
patients observe month long fast of Ramadan
(begins approximately mid-October); people
suffering from chronic illnesses, pregnant
women, breast-feeding, or menstruating don’t fast.
Females avoid eye contact with males; use same-
sex family members as interpreters.
 Asian Americans—May value ability to endure
pain and grief with silent stoicism; typically
family oriented; extended family should be
involved in care of dying patient; believes in “hot-
cold” yin/yang often involved; sodium intake is
generally high because of salted and dried foods;
may believe prolonged eye contact is rude and an
invasion of privacy; may not without necessarily
understanding; may prefer to maintain a
comfortable physical distance between the
patient and the health care provider.
 Latino Americans—May view illness as a sign of
weakness, punishment for evil doing; may consult
with a curandero or voodoo priest; family
members are typically involved in all aspects of
decision making such as terminal illness; may
see no reason to submit to mammograms or
vaccinations.
 Native Americans—May turn to a medicine man
to determine the true cause of an illness; may
value the ability to endure pain or grief with
silent stoicism; diet may be deficient in
vitamin D and calcium because many suffer from
lactose intolerance or don’t drink milk; obesity
and diabetes are major health concerns; may
divert eyes to the floor when they are praying
or paying attention.
 Western Culture—May value technology almost
exclusively in the struggle to conquer diseases;
health is understood to be the absence,
minimization, or control of disease process;
eating utensils usually consists of knife, fork,
and spoon; three daily meals is typical.
20. Common Diets
 Acute Renal Disease—protein-restricted, high-
calorie, fluid-controlled, sodium and potassium
controlled.
 Addison’s disease—increased sodium, low
potassium diet.
 ADHD and Bipolar—high-calorie and provide
fingerfoods.
 Burns—high protein, high caloric,
increase in Vitamin C.
 Cancer—high-calorie, high-protein.
 Celiac Disease—gluten-free diet (no BROW:
barley, rye, oat, and wheat).
 Chronic Renal Disease—protein- restricted, low-
sodium, fluid-restricted, potassium-restricted,
phosphorus- restricted.
 Cirrhosis (stable)—normal protein
 Cirrhosis with hepatic insufficiency—
restrict protein, fluids, and sodium.
 Constipation—high-fiber, increased fluids
 COPD—soft, high-calorie, low-
carbohydrate, high-fat, small frequent
feedings
 Cystic Fibrosis—increase in fluids.
 Diarrhea—liquid, low-fiber, regular, fluid and
electrolyte replacement
 Gallbladder diseases—low-fat, calorie-
restricted, regular
 Gastritis—low-fiber, bland diet
 Hepatitis—regular, high-calorie, high-
protein
 Hyperlipidemias—fat-controlled, calorie-
restricted
 Hypertension, heart failure, CAD—low- sodium,
calorie-restricted, fat-controlled
 Kidney Stones—increased fluid intake,
calcium-controlled, low-oxalate
 Nephrotic Syndrome—sodium-restricted, high-
calorie, high-protein, potassium- restricted.
 Obesity, overweight—calorie-restricted, high-
fiver
 Pancreatitis—low-fat, regular, small frequent
feedings; tube feeding or total parenteral
nutrition.
 Peptic ulcer—bland diet
 Pernicious Anemia—increase Vitamin B12
(Cobalamin), found in high amounts on
shellfish, beef liver, and fish.
  Sickle Cell Anemia—increase fluids to maintain
hydration since sickling increases when
patients become dehydrated.
 Stroke—mechanical soft, regular, or tube-
feeding.
 Underweight—high-calorie, high protein
 Vomiting—fluid and electrolyte
replacement
21. Positioning Clients
 Asthma—orthopneic position where patient is
sitting up and bent forward with arms supported on
a table or chair arms.
 Post Bronchoscopy—flat on bed with head
hyperextended.
 Cerebral Aneurysm—high Fowler’s.
 Hemorrhagic Stroke: HOV elevated 30 degrees to
reduce ICP and facilitate venous drainage.
 Ischemic Stroke: HOB flat.
 Cardiac Catheterization—keep site
extended.
 Epistaxis—lean forward.
 Above Knee Amputation—elevate for first 24
hours on pillow, position on prone daily for hip
extension.
 Below Knee Amputation—foot of bed elevated
for first 24 hours, position prone daily for hip
extension.
 Tube feeding for patients with decreased LOC—
position patient on right side to promote
emptying of the stomach with HOB elevated to
prevent aspiration.
 Air/Pulmonary embolism—turn patient to left
side and lower HOB.
 Postural Drainage—Lung segment to be drained
should be in the uppermost position to allow
gravity to work.
 Post Lumbar puncture—patient should lie flat in
supine to prevent headache and leaking of
CSF.
 Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI)— catheter
should be taped to thigh so legs should be
kept straight.
 After myringotomy—position on the side of
affected ear after surgery (allows drainage
of secretion).
 Post cataract surgery—patient will sleep on
unaffected side with a night shield for 1-4
weeks.
 Detached retina—area of detachment should
be in the dependent position.
 Post thyroidectomy—low or semi-
Fowlers, support head, neck and
shoulders.
 Thoracentesis—sitting on the side of the bed and
leaning over the table (during procedure);
affected side up (after procedure).
 Spina Bifida— position infant on prone so that
sac does not rupture.
 Buck’s Traction—elevate foot of bed for counter-
traction.
 Post Total Hip Replacement—don’t sleep on
operated side, don’t flex hip more than 45-60
degrees, don’t elevate HOB more than 45
degrees. Maintain hip
abduction by separating thighs with
pillows.
 Prolapsed cord—knee-chest position or
Trendelenburg.
 Cleft-lip—position on back or in infant seat to
prevent trauma to the suture line. While
feeding, hold in upright position.
 Cleft-palate—prone.
 Hemorrhoidectomy—assist to lateral
position.
 Hiatal Hernia—upright position.
 Preventing Dumping Syndrome—eat in
reclining position, lie down after meals for 20-
30 minutes (also restrict fluids during meals,
low fiber diet, and small frequent meals).
 Enema Administration—position patient in left-
side lying (Sim’s position) with knees flexed.
 Post supratentorial surgery (incision behind
hairline)—elevate HOB 30-45 degrees.
 Post infratentorial surgery(incision at nape of
neck)—position patient flat and lateral on
either side.
 Increased ICP—highFowler’s.
 Laminectomy—back as straight as
possible; log roll to move and sand bag on
sides.
 Spinal Cord Injury—immobilize on spine board,
with head in neutral position. Immobilize
head with padded C-collar, maintain traction
and alignment of head
 manually. Log roll client and do not allow
client to twist or bend.
 Liver Biopsy—right side lying with pillow or small
towel under puncture site for at least 3 hours.
 Paracentesis—flat on bed or sitting.
 Intestinal Tubes—place patient on right side to
facilitate passage into duodenum.
 Nasogastric Tubes—elevate HOB 30 degrees to
prevent aspiration. Maintain elevation for
continuous feeding or 1hourafterintermittent
feedings.
 Pelvic Exam—lithotomyposition.
 Rectal Exam—knee-chest position, Sim’s, or
dorsal recumbent.
 During internal radiation—patient should be on bed
rest while implant isin place.
 Autonomic Dysreflexia—place client in sitting
position (elevate HOB) first before any other
implementation.
 Shock—bed rest with extremities elevated 20
degrees, knees straight, head slightly
elevated (modified Trendelenburg).
 Head Injury—elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease
intracranial pressure.
 Peritoneal Dialysis when outflow is inadequate—
turn patient side to side before checking for kinks
in the tubing.
 Myelogram
 Water-based dye—semi Fowler’s for at
least 8 hours.
 Oil-based dye—flat on bed for at least 6-8
hours to prevent leakage of CSF.
 Air dye—Trendelenburg.
22. Common Signs and Symptoms
 Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB)—low- grade
afternoon fever.
 Pneumonia—rust-colored sputum.
 Asthma—wheezing on expiration.
 Emphysema—barrel chest.
 Kawasaki Syndrome—strawberry tongue.
 Pernicious Anemia—red beefy tongue.
 Down syndrome—protruding tongue.
 Cholera—rice-watery stool and washer woman’s
hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration).
 Malaria—stepladder like fever with chills.
 Typhoid—rosespots in the abdomen.
 Dengue—fever, rash, and headache.
Positive Herman’s sign.
 Diphtheria—pseudo membrane
formation.
 Measles—Koplik’s spots (clustered white
lesions on buccal mucosa).
 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus—
butterfly rash.
 Leprosy—leonine facies (thickened folded
facial skin).
 Bulimia—chipmunk facies (parotid gland
swelling).
 Appendicitis—rebound tenderness at
McBurney’s point. Rovsing’s sign
(palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ).
Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the
hip).
 Meningitis—Kernig’s sign (stiffness of
hamstrings causing inability to straighten
the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees),
Brudzinski’s sign (forced flexion of the neck
elicits a reflex flexion of the hips).
 Tetany—hypocalcemia, [+] Trousseau’s sign;
Chvostek sign.
 Tetanus— Risus sardonicus or rictus grin.
 Pancreatitis—Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of the
umbilicus), Grey Turner’s sign (bruising of
the flank).
 Pyloric Stenosis—olive like mass.
 Patent Ductus Arteriosus—washing
machine-like murmur.
 Addison’s disease—bronzelike skin
pigmentation.
 Cushing’s syndrome—moon face
appearance and buffalo hump.
 Grave’s Disease (Hyperthyroidism)—
Exophthalmos (bulging of the eye out of the
orbit).
 Intussusception—Sausage-shaped mass.
 Multiple Sclerosis—Charcot’s Triad:
nystagmus, intention tremor, and
dysarthria.
 Myasthenia Gravis—descending muscle
weakness, ptosis (drooping of eyelids).
 Guillain-Barre Syndrome—ascending
muscles weakness.
 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)—Homan’s Sign.
 Angina—crushing, stabbing pain relieved by NTG.
 Myocardial Infarction (MI)—crushing, stabbing
pain radiating to left shoulder, neck, and arms.
Unrelieved by NTG.
 Parkinson’s disease—pill-rolling tremors.
 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection—Owl’s eye
appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells).
 Glaucoma—tunnel vision.
 Retinal Detachment—flashes of light, shadow
with curtain across vision.
 Basilar Skull Fracture—Raccoon eyes (periorbital
ecchymosis) and Battle’s sign (mastoid
ecchymosis).
 Buerger’s Disease—intermittent claudication
(pain at buttocks or legs from poor circulation
resulting in impaired walking).
 Diabetic Ketoacidosis—acetone breathe.
 Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)—proteinuria,
hypertension, edema.
 Diabetes Mellitus—polydipsia,
polyphagia, polyuria.
 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)—
heart burn.
 Hirschsprung’s Disease (Toxic
Megacolon)—ribbon-like stool.
 Sexual TransmittedInfections:
 Herpes Simplex Type II—painful vesicles
on genitalia
 Genital Warts—warts 1-2 mm in
diameter.
 Syphilis—painless chancres
 Chancroid—painful chancres.
 Gonorrhea—green, creamy
discharges and painful urination.
 Chlamydia—milky discharge and
painful urination.
 Candidiasis—white cheesy
odorless vaginal discharges.
 Trichomoniasis—yellow, itchy, frothy,
and foul-smelling vaginal discharges.
23. Miscellaneous Tips
 Delegate sterile skills (e.g., dressing
change) to the RN or LPN.
 Where non-skilled care is required, delegate
the stable client to the nursing assistant.
 Assign the most critical client to the RN.
 Clients who are being discharged should have final
assessments done by the RN.
 The Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) can monitor
clients with IV therapy, insert urinary
catheters, feeding tubes, and apply restraints.
 Assessment, teaching, medication
administration, evaluation, unstable patients
cannot be delegated to an unlicensed
assistive personnel.
 Weight is the best indicator of
dehydration.
 When patient is in distress,
administration of medication is rarely the best
choice.
 Always check for allergies before
administering antibiotics.
 Neutropenic patients should not receive
vaccines, fresh fruits, or flowers.
 Nitroglycerine patch is administered up to
three timeswithintervals offive minutes.
 Morphine is contraindicated in pancreatitis
because it causes spasms ofthe Sphincter of
Oddi. Demerol should be given.
 Never give potassium (K+) in IV push.
 Infants born to an HIV-positive mother should
receive all immunizations of schedule.
 Gravida is the number of pregnancies a woman
has had, regardless of outcome.
 Para is the number of pregnancies that reached
viability, regardless of whether the fetus was
delivered alive or stillborn. A fetus is considered
viable at 20 weeks’ gestation.
 Lochia rubra is the vaginal discharge of almost
pure blood that occurs during the first few
days after childbirth.
 Lochia serosa is the serous vaginal
discharge that occurs 4 to 7 days after
childbirth.
 Lochia alba is the vaginal discharge of
decreased blood and increased
leukocytes that’s the final stage of
lochia. It occurs 7 to 10 days after
childbirth.
 In the event of fire, the acronym most often
used is RACE. (R) Remove the patient. (A)
Activate the alarm. (C) Attempt to contain
the fire by closing
 the door. (E) Extinguish the fire if it can be done
safely.
 Before signing an informed consent form, the patient
should know whether other treatment options are
available and should understand what will occur
during the preoperative, intraoperative, and
postoperative phases; the risks involved; and the
possible complications. The patient should also have
a general idea of the time required from surgery to
recovery. In addition, he should have an opportunity
to ask questions.
 The first nursing intervention in a quadriplegic
client who is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia is
to elevate his head as high as possible.
 Usually, patients who have the same infection and
are in strict isolation can share a room.
 Veracity is truth and is an essential component of a
therapeutic relationship between a health care
provider and his patient.
 Beneficence is the duty to do no harm and the duty
to do good. There’s an obligation in patient care to
do no harm and an equal obligation to assist the
patient.
 Nonmaleficence is the duty to do no harm.
 Tyramine-rich food, such as aged cheese,
chicken liver, avocados, bananas, meat
tenderizer, salami,
bologna, Chianti wine, and beer
may cause severe hypertension in a
patient who takes a monoamine
oxidase inhibitor.
 Projection is the unconscious
assigning of a thought, feeling, or
action to someone or something
else.
 Sublimation is the channeling
of unacceptable impulses into
socially acceptable behavior.
 Repression is an unconscious
defense mechanism whereby
unacceptable or painful thoughts,
impulses, memories, or feelings are
pushed from the consciousness or
forgotten.
 People with obsessive-
compulsive disorder realize that
their behavior is unreasonable,
but are powerless to control it.
 A significant toxic risk associated
with clozapine (Clozaril)
administration is blood dyscrasia.
 Adverse effects of haloperidol
(Haldol) administration include
drowsiness; insomnia; weakness;
headache; and extrapyramidal
symptoms, such as akathisia,
tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia.
 Hypervigilance and déjà vu are signs
of posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD).