Fan Efficiency

Codes and
Standards
I2SL  Interna+onal  Ins+tute  for  
Sustainable  Laboratories  
2013  Conference  
Minneapolis,  MN  

Michael Ivanovich
Director of Strategic Energy Initiatives
AMCA International
mivanovich@amca.org
www.amca.org/feg
 Learning Objectives
•  Know that AMCA Standard 205, Energy Efficiency
Classification for Fans, defines Fan Efficiency
Grades (FEGs)
•  Know why AMCA Standard 205 also prescribes
fans be sized/selected to operate within 15
percentage points of peak total efficiency.
•  Know which model codes and standards are
adopting fan efficiency language that pertains to
laboratories.
•  Know what recent changes have been made to
AMCA Standard 260 Laboratory Methods of
Testing Induced Flow Fans for Rating.

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 Agenda
•  History of fan codes and standards
•  AMCA Standard 205
•  2013 ASHRAE 90.1
•  2014 ASHRAE 189.1
•  2015 Intl. Energy Conservation Code
•  2016 Intl. Green Construction Code
•  U.S. Dept. of Energy Initiative for Fan
Standard

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 About AMCA International
•  Not-for-profit manufacturers association
•  Mission: To promote the health, growth, and
integrity of the air movement and control
industry
•  Active on national and international codes
and standards bodies (ISO, ASHRAE, ICC,
HVI, etc.)
•  310+ member companies
•  Certified Ratings Program

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 About AMCA International
•  Commercial, Industrial, Residential
•  Certified Ratings Program
–  Products
•  Fans – including induced flow lab exhaust
•  Dampers
•  Louvers
•  Air Curtains
•  AMCA Laboratory
–  A2LA-certified to ISO/IEC 17025

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 Agenda
•  History of fan codes and standards
•  AMCA Standard 205
•  2013 ASHRAE 90.1
•  U.S. Dept. of Energy Initiative for Fan
Standard
•  What the future looks like

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 History of Fan Codes &
Standards
•  1556
–  De Re Metallica published by Georgius
Agricola
•  2007
–  Start of European/ISO and
ASHRAE/AMCA fan-efficiency activity
•  2010
–  ISO-12759 and AMCA-205 standards
–  AMCA Certified Ratings Program for
Fans

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 History of Fan Codes &
Standards
•  2011
–  IgCC-2012 and ASHRAE 90.1-2013 proposals
•  International Green Construction Code - IgCC
–  U.S. Dept. of Energy starts fan rulemaking process
•  2012
–  IgCC published – first reference of AMCA 205
•  2013
–  ASHRAE 90.1 published
–  IECC, ASHRAE 189.1, and IgCC processes started
–  U.S. Dept. of Energy process fully engaged

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 2007: Rise and Fall of the
65%-Efficiency Requirement
90

80
Fan Peak Total Efficiency (%)

70

60

Air  foil
Air foil  
50
Backward  curve
Backward curve  
Mixed  impeller  
Backward incline
40 Backward  
Forward incline  
curve
Forward  
Mixed curve  
impeller

30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Fan Size (Impeller Diameter) (in.)

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 Fan Facts
•  Fans are a mature market
•  Niche products for specific
applications
•  Multiple fan types, sizes, prices can
meet application requirements
•  Some types of fans more efficient than
others

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 Fan Facts
•  Smaller fans are less efficient than
larger fans of the same type
–  Bearing losses; tolerances
•  Fan efficiency not always the sole
parameter for an efficient fan selection

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 Agenda
•  History of fan codes and standards
•  AMCA Standard 205
•  2013 ASHRAE 90.1
•  U.S. Dept. of Energy Initiative for Fan
Standard
•  What the future looks like

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 ANSI/AMCA 205-12
•  Energy Efficiency
Classification for Fans
–  Defines Fan Efficiency
Grade (FEG).
–  Fan only; no motor or
drive.
–  Covers most types of fans
by referencing applicable
rating-test standards.
–  Covers induced flow fans.
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 Side Note: AMCA 260
•  Induced Flow Fan Test for
Rating.
•  Referenced by AMCA 205.
•  Subject to codes/stds that
reference AMCA 205.
•  Revised AMCA 260 will be
available in late 2013.
•  Enables FEG ratings

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 AMCA 205 Metric:
Fan Efficiency Grades (FEG)
•  An index of aerodynamic fan efficiency
potential
–  Shaft Power to Air Power
–  Excludes motors and drives
•  Calculated from fan-rating test data
•  Based on total efficiency, not static
efficiency
•  Accounts for smaller-diameter fans
•  Family of curves derived from fan data
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 AMCA 205 Metric:
Fan Efficiency Grades (FEG)
90
FEG90

FEG85
80
FEG80
Fan Peak Total Efficiency (%)

FEG75
70 FEG71
FEG67
FEG63
60
FEG60
FEG56
FEG53
50 FEG50

40

30

20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Fan Size (Impeller Diameter) (in.)
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 65% vs. FEG 67
90
FEG90
65% efficiency FEG85
80
threshold FEG80
Fan Peak Total Efficiency (%)

IgCC  
FEG75
70 FEG71
FEG67
FEG63
60 ASHRAE  90.1  
FEG60
FEG56
FEG53
50 FEG50

40

30
Fans eliminated by
20 65% efficiency threshold
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
9/24/13   Fan Size (Impeller Diameter)
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 Thought Question
•  Is the efficiency requirement alone
enough to result in higher efficiency
operation?

•  Answer: No.

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 Size Matters

•  All  sizes  are  FEG85  (represents  the  energy  efficiency  potenMal)  

•  Actual  efficiency  at  the  opera+ng  point  varies  greatly  (larger  sizes  are  operaMng  
close  to  peak  efficiency)  
•  This  illustrates  the  impact  proper  selec+on  has  on  energy  efficiency  
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 AMCA Standard 205
“The  fan  operaMng  
efficiency  at  all  intended  
operaMng  point(s)  shall  not  
be  less  than  15  percentage  
points  below  the  fan  peak  
total  efficiency.”  

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 Fan Curve & Fan Selection

Max 15 percentage
points
Fan Total Efficiency (ηt )

Fan Total Pressure (Pt )

(η t )

(Pt )

Qmin Qpeak Qmax Flow

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 Agenda
•  History of fan codes and standards
•  AMCA Standard 205
•  2013 ASHRAE 90.1
•  U.S. Dept. of Energy Initiative for Fan
Standard
•  What the future looks like

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 Challenging!

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 ASHRAE 90.1-2013
•  6.5.3.1 Fan System Power and Efficiency
•  6.5.3.1.3 Fan Efficiency. Fans shall have a
Fan Efficiency Grade (FEG) of 67 or higher
based on manufacturers’ certified data, as
defined by AMCA 205. The total efficiency
of the fan at the design point of operation
shall be within 15 percentage points of the
maximum total efficiency of the fan.

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 ASHRAE 90.1-2013
Exceptions:
a)  Single fans with a motor nameplate rating of 5
hp or less.
b)  Multiple fans in series or parallel (eg. fan
arrays) that have a combined motor
nameplate rating of 5 hp or less and are
operated as the functional equivalent of a
single fan.
c)  Fans that are part of equipment listed under
6.4.1.1 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies –
Listed Equipment – Standard Rating and
Operating Conditions.

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 ASHRAE 90.1-2013
Exceptions:
d)  Fans included in equipment bearing a
third-party-certified seal for air or
energy performance of the equipment
package.
e)  Powered wall/roof ventilators (PRV).
f)  Fans outside the scope of AMCA 205.
g)  Fans intended to be operated only
during emergencies.
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 2014 ASHRAE 189.1
•  Continuous maintenance proposal
•  Not yet out for public peer review
•  Same as ASHRAE 90.1, BUT…
–  10% points sizing/selection window instead of
15% points
•  Slightly stricter

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 2015 IECC (likely)
•  No comments to peer review
•  Final hearings Oct. 7-10, 2013
•  Same as ASHRAE 90.1, BUT…
–  FEG ratings must be certified by independent
third-party
–  Label must be present on the fan

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 2016 IGCC (to be proposed)
•  Will base on 2014 ASHRAE 189.1
•  Proposals due Jan. 4, 2014
•  Will significantly modify 2012 IGCC
language
–  FEG 71, 10% points
–  Fans > 1 HP
–  Buildings

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 2018 or so: DOE Regulation
•  Will likely cover lab exhaust fans
•  Could impact model codes and
standards
•  Follow developments at the AMCA
website

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 Free Resources
•  AMCA codes/standards tracking
–  http://tinyurl.com/cgw7kae
•  AMCA 205-12 (free, for now)
•  Updates on ASHRAE, ICC, DOE fan efficiency activity
•  Technical articles and publications
–  http://tinyurl.com/c2l2lab
•  April 2013 – ASHRAE Journal (FEG in 90.1)
•  May 2013 – HPAC Engineering (FEG + Fan Power
Limits)
•  AMCA Certified FEG Ratings Finder
–  http://www.amca.org/feg/feg-finder.aspx

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 Questions?
Thank you ---
Michael Ivanovich
Director of Strategic Energy Initiatives
AMCA International
mivanovich@amca.org
www.amca.org
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