Saint Louis University

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

LABORATORY MANUAL

ACTIVITY NO. 9
FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (FSK)

ACTIVITY OBJECTIVE:
At the end of this activity, the student should be able to:
1. Demonstrate FSK modulation and demodulation
2. Demonstrate the effect of band limited channel on the received FSK signal.

EQUIPMENT NEEDED:
PC with Scilab

PROBLEM SET:
1. The block diagram of an FSK system is shown as

In the FSK modulator:

 The level converter generates a PNRZ signal for the input bits. A logic '1' is
represented by a positive voltage level +V and a logic '0' is represented by -V.
 The voltage-controlled oscillator generates the frequency modulated carrier signal

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ECE 511FL: DIGITAL COMMUNICATI0NS LABORATORY

 Saint Louis University
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

LABORATORY MANUAL

ec=Ecsin(2πfmt) when the input voltage is +V where fm is the mark frequency and
ec=Ecsin(2πfst) when the input voltage is -V where fs is the space frequency.

 The bandpass filter bandlimits the signal before transmission.

In the FSK demodulator:

 The bandpass filter bandlimits the received FSK signal
 The slope detector consists of a high-pass filter and a peak detector. The highpass
filter is designed such that fm and fs are situated in the transition band of its
frequency response which results to a higher gain to ec=Ecsin(2πfmt) and a lower
gain for ec=Ecsin(2πfst). The peak detector rectifies (HW or FW) the output of the
highpass filter and uses lowpass filter to output the envelope of the rectified signal.
 The level converter samples the output of the slope and each sample is compared
to a threshold voltage which is equal to the average of the highest and lowest
samples. If the current sample is greater than the threshold, the level detects a '1'.
Otherwise, the level converter detects a '0'.

Assuming the following FSK modulator specifications:

 Input bit rate = 600 bits/second
 UPNRZ voltage levelsl: +5V for a '1', -5V for a logic '0'
 Carrier: Ec=1V, fm=2400Hz, fs=1200Hz,
 Message bit stream ←1011001101
(a) Plot the waveform of the PNRZ signal.

(b) What is the highest fundamental frequency of the PNRZ signal? ________Hz

(c) Plot the waveform of the FSK signal.

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ECE 511FL: DIGITAL COMMUNICATI0NS LABORATORY

 Saint Louis University
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

LABORATORY MANUAL

Assuming the highpass filter of the slope detector has a gain of 0.75 at f=f m and a
gain of 0.25 at f=fs.

(d) Plot the waveform of the output of the highpass filter..

(e) Plot the waveform of the output of the slope detector.

(f) What bit stream is detected by the level converter? ← ______________________

LABORATORY ACTIVITIES:
1. Familiarization with SCILAB functions used for the simulation of source coding.
Open the SCILAB file FSK_functions.sci and familiarize with the SCILAB functions
declared in the file. Understand their operation and the syntax for calling them.

2. Use the SCILAB functions declared in FSK_functions.sci to solve the problem in

the problem set. Assume a noiseless channel with a bandwidth of 4KHz.
(a) Plot the waveform of the FSK signal

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ECE 511FL: DIGITAL COMMUNICATI0NS LABORATORY

 Saint Louis University
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

LABORATORY MANUAL

(b) Plot the frequency spectrum of the FSK signal.

(c) Plot the output of the slope detector.

c.1. What is the amplitude for a logic 1? 0.15 Volts

c.2. What is the amplitude for a logic 0? 0.07 Volts

c.3. What threshold voltage should be used for detection? 0.08 Volts

(d) What is the detected bit sequence? ← 1011001101

(e) Given that the channel is bandlimited with a cutoff frequency fc Hz.

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ECE 511FL: DIGITAL COMMUNICATI0NS LABORATORY

 Saint Louis University
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

LABORATORY MANUAL

(e.1) Plot the frequency spectrum of the received FSK signal if fc=300H.

(e.2) Plot the output of the slope detector converter if fc=300Hz.

(e.3) What is the detected bit sequence? ← 1011001101

(e.4) Plot the frequency spectrum of the received FSK signal if fc=600Hz.

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ECE 511FL: DIGITAL COMMUNICATI0NS LABORATORY

 Saint Louis University
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

LABORATORY MANUAL

(e.5) Plot the output of the slope detector converter if fc=600Hz.

(e.6) What is the detected bit sequence? ← 1001001001

(e.7) Plot the frequency spectrum of the received FSK signal if fc=1200Hz.

(e.8) Plot the output of the slope detector converter if fc=1200Hz.

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ECE 511FL: DIGITAL COMMUNICATI0NS LABORATORY

 Saint Louis University
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

LABORATORY MANUAL

(e.9) What is the detected bit sequence? ← 101001100101

(e.10) Describe the effect of a bandlimited channel on the received FSK signal and
the detected bits.

The bandlimited channel changed the received FSK signal and it

increased the number of detected bits.

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ECE 511FL: DIGITAL COMMUNICATI0NS LABORATORY