● Concepts:

○ Cause of Death:

○ Manner of Death:

○ Fractures:

○ Forces causing trauma:

○ Timing of bone injury (antemortem, perimortem, postmortem):

● Projectile trauma:
○ What are the effects of bullets on bones?

○ Bullet characteristics?

● Blunt/sharp force trauma

○ What are the effect of blunt/sharp instruments on bone?
■ Blunt:

■ Sharp:

● Strangulation
○ What are the various types of strangulation?

○ How can you detect strangulation?

○ Antemortem skeletal conditions:

 ○ Why should we know about antemortem skeletal conditions?

○ What categories of pathology can be recognized in the skeleton?

○ What are some of the specific diseases that affect bone/teeth?

● Postmortem changes to bone

○ Dismemberment
■ Basics of saw and saw damage
● Learn everything about saws:
● What saws do to bones:

○ Animal scavenging
■ Basic features:

● Aspects of individualization
○ Body mass
○ Facial reproduction - what are the 3 types and who are the key figures
involved?:
■ Ex. Gerasimov - worked out facial details
● Identification using antemortem records
○ Radiography - frontal sinus
■ Basics of method
○ Forensic odontology
● Ethics and forensic anthropology in the courtroom
○ What should the final report contain?
○ What is the difference between evidence and opinion?
○ What happens in court?
● Forensic scenarios
○ Know how to calculate stature
■ Remember when and how to apply correction factors
■ Remember how to calculate 95% confidence interval
● Simple way: doubling the standard error
■ Know how to work out foetal age based on long bone length
■ Know how to age juveniles based on stage of tooth formation
■ Know anthroposcopic characteristics of males and females
● Not gonna be trick questions; they will be straight forward
■ Characteristics of 3 ancestral types
● Clear cut and straight forward on the exam
● All formulae, correction factors, and age charts will be provided
Which of these can be considered a ‘cause of death’?
● Disease
 ● Accident and suicide are MANNERS of death
What word is used to describe a break that does not go completely through the bone?
● Infraction; incomplete fracture