‫ﻟﻐﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﭘﺎﮐﺒﺎﺯ‬

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 ‫‪A‬‬

‫ﺷﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮ )‪Accelerator(s‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ‪Adapter, adaptor‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ )ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬

‫‪B‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ )‪Back fill (to‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻤﻴـﻞ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﭘﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﺩﻱ )‪Back off(to‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪Back pressure‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﭘﺲ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ(‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ )‪Bail(to‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻄﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻟﻮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﻞ ‪Bailer‬‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻲ ﺳﻄﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ )‪Bare foot (Open hole‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪Bare foot completion‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ ‪Bent sub‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺘﻪ ‪Bit size‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ‪Blank casing‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ‪Blank liner‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻮﺭ ‪Bilnd drilling‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺭﺳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻫﺮﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ‪Bore hole assembly‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ‪Bore hole survey‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Bottom-hole‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Bottom-hole pressure‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ‪Bottom-hole sampler‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺑﻨﺪ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ‪Bottom plug‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺑﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﻏـﺎﺏ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺑﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﻒ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ‪Bottom up‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪C‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ‪Case(to) a well‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻔﺸﻚ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺗﻤـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺻﺒﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ ‪Cased hole‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪Casing collar‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ )ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ( ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﻳﺎﺏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ )‪Casing collar locator (CCL‬‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪Casing float collar‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ »ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ« ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪Casing head‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ‪Casing head housing‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪Casing head spool‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Casing Hanger‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﻩ ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪Casing point‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻔﺸﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻔﺸﻚ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪Casing shee‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ )ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ( ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻝ ﻫﺒﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﻛﻔﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪Catwalk‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺑـﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﺯ ﺁﻭﺭ ‪Caustic soda=Sodium hydrate=Sodium hydroxide‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ ﺑـﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺰﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮓ ﺭﻳﺰﺷﻲ ‪Caving‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﺳـﻨﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺯﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪Cavitation‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺰﺷﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Cellar‬‬
‫ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻓﺎﻥ ‪Cellophane‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﮔﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﺭﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪Cement bond‬‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪www.mohande30.com‬‬

 ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭼﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪Cement bond log=CBL‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﮔﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪Cement channeling‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮﺍﺑﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ‪Cement plug‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﻲ ‪Cement squeeze‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ‪Cementing basket‬‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ ﺳﺒﺪﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻼﻫﻚ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ‪Cementing head‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ( ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻱ ‪Chain tongs‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﮔﻪ ﺭﮔﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ‪Channeling‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪Circulate, Circulation‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔـﻞ ﺍﺯﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﮔﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ )‪Circulation (normal-‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﮔـﻞ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Circulatin bottoms up‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺁﺧـﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻨﮓ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Cluster well‬‬

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‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﻜﻮ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ‪CMC: Carboxy-methyl cellulose‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﻦ ‪Collar‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻇﺮﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ‪Company man‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺳﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻞ ‪Complete loss‬‬
‫ﮔﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Complete a well‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Completion fluid‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ‪Condition, Conditioning‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ؛ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ‪Conditioning hole‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ‪) ،‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Conditioning mud‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻃﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ )‪Coolie (Wash Coolie‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﮔﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Coordinates of well‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ‪Core (Side well-)=Side wall core‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ‪Core barrel‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ‪Core catcher‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺟﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ‪Core recovery‬‬

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‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ‪Cushion‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﺜـﻲ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﻫﺪ )ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ( ﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ‪Cushion (air-)=air cushion‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ‪Cut‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ »ﺑﺒﺮﺩ« ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﮔـﻞ ﻧﻔـﺖ‬
‫ﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ‪Cuttings‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺭﻳﺰﻩ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺭﻳﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪D‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Daily drilling progress‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ‪Daily drilling rate‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ‪Daily mean‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Daily well progress report‬‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ )ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯﭘﻨﺞ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺮ( ‪Deep drilling‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ )‪Deepen(to‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ‪،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﺞ ‪Deflected well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺯﺩﺍ ‪Degasser‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺯﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻴﻠﺖ ﺯﺩﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺗـﺮ ﺩﻛـﻞ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ‪Delineation well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪Deplete (to‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ(‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪Depleted reservoir‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪Depleted well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Derrick‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Derrick floor‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻥ ‪Derrick man‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪ ، (Monkeyboard‬ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ )ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ‪۹۰‬ﻓﻮﺕ(‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﺒﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﭼﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔـﻞ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺯﺩﺍ ‪Desander‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ ﺯﺩﺍ ‪Desilter‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﮔﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺛـﺮ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳـﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ ﮔـﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ‪Developed field‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪Development well=exploitation well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪Deviated hole‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ‪Deviation angle‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻧﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﻨﺞ ‪Deviation recorder‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ‪Deviaigon survey‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ C.D.R‬ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪Differential pressure‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﮔﻞ( ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺁﺧﺮﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪Dip‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﻖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﺳﻨﺞ ‪Dip log=Dipmeter log‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﺳﻨﺞ ‪Dipmeter‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ ‪Dipmeter drilling‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻝ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ‪Discovery well‬‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Displacement of mud‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ)‪Disposal well (water-‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺎﻗﻚ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻮﻧﻚ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ‪Dog house‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺩﺭﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﮕﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻛﭽﻲ ‪Drift angle‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ )‪Drill collar (d/e‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ‪Drill collar sring‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺔ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ ۳۰‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺯﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ‪Drill out‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ )‪Drill pipe (d/p‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻕ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﺯﻧـﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺗﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ ۹‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻕ ﻣﺘﻪ )‪Drill stem test (DST‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻏﻴـﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Drill string=Drill pipe string‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﻛﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻦ ‪Driller‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﻜﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۸‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۱۲‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ )ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ( ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻛـﺎﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺁﻟﻮﻧﻚ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭ‪،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﻪ ‪ ۵‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ۶‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ )‪(Assistant Driller‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﮔـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﻴﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Drilling rate‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻲ )ﻋﻤﻘﻲ( ﺍﺯﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺸﻚ ‪Dry drilling‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪E‬‬

‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ )‪Easy drill (e-zy-drill‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻌﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻙ ﻫﺒﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ‪Edege well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻟﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪Electrician‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻ‪ -‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪Elevator‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻨﮕﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺴـﻮﺭ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﺳﻜﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪Estimated total string days‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Exploitation well=development well‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻫﻢ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ‪Exploration well‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺣﻔـﺮ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪F‬‬

‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ )ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ( ‪Field, oil/gas field‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ؛ ﻣﺜﻼ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ‪Filter cake=mud cake‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ‪Float collar‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻔﺸﻚ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ‪Float shoe‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‪Float valve‬‬

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‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﻭ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻓـﻮﺭ ﻭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻪ )ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ( ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔﺸﻚ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ‪Floating rig=Floater‬‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Floor=Derrick floor‬‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ )‪Floor (derrick-‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﻜﻮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Floor man=Floorman‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺳﺮﻛﺶ ‪Flowing well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ )‪Flow line (mud-‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹲﺎ ﻗﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﻛﻒ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﻛﻔﻲ ‪Foam‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺮﻛـﺮﺩ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ‪Free point‬‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻳﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻳﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ )‪Free point indicator (FPI‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪G‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ )ﺣﺠﻢ(‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪Gain(to‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ )ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺏ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ )ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ(‪Gain‬‬

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‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ )ﺣﺠﻢ( ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﮔﻞ ‪Gain of mud=mud gain‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ )ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺏ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼﻫﻚ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ‪Gas cap‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ )ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ( ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﺎﻗﺪﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳـﺎ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪Gas cut‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺎﺯﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﺁﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ‪،‬ﮔﻞ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺯﺩﻩ ‪Gas cut mud=gcm‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪Gas injection well or gas input well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪Gas lift‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﮔﺎﺯ ‪Gas show‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻼﻭﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﻗﻼﻭﻳﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺶ ‪Grapple‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻔﺸﻚ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ‪Guide shoe‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﻛﻔﺸـﻚ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﭻ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮓ ﮔﭻ ‪Gypsum=Gyp‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻝ ﺁﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻴﺪﺭﻳﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ؛ ﻫـﺮﺩﻭ ﺟـﺰﺀ ﺭﺳـﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪H‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪High pressure‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﻴـﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﺞ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪Hole (deviated-)=side tracked hole‬‬

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‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺞ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﺞ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪Hole (inclined-) =deviated hole‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ )‪Hole (straight‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ )‪Hole (vertical-‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﺸﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺯ ‪Hole opener‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻨﮓ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺸﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻼﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻼﺏ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ )‪Hook (rotary-‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻼﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﭼﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﻼﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﻮﺭﻙ ‪Hopper‬‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺸـﻚ ﮔـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻞ ‪Hose‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﻱ ﮔـﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ )‪Hose (rotary‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻟﻴﺰﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ‪Hydrill‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺿﺪ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪I‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ‪infilling well=Intermediate well‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯﺁﻥ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﺯﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭ ‪Injector‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﮋﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪Inside diameter‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ ‪Intake well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪J‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺸﻨﺪﻩ ‪Jack‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺭ ‪Jar‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺮﻭ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺿـﺮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺍﺯﺍﺩ ﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻛـﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻥ ‪Jarring‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺏ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﺭﻩ ‪Jet‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﮓ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﺭﻩ ‪Jet nozzle‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﺘﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻚ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ )‪Joint (drill pipe‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )‪Joint (tool‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ‪Junk sub‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﻓﻠـﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛـﻒ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪K‬‬
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 ‫‪Kelly‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺷﺶ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﻕ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺷﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷﻴﻨﮓ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ‪Kelly bushing‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺷﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ ‪Kelly cock‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﮔـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ‪Kelly rat hole‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳـﻜﻮ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻟﮕﺪ ﺯﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪Kick (to)a well‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ‪،‬ﭼﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻐﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﮔﻔـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ )‪Kick (gas‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ )ﮔﺎﺯﻱ(ﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ )‪Kick off(to‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ( ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺑـﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ )ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ( ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ »ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ« ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Kick off a well‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ‪Kick off point=k.o.p‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Kill(to) a well‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪www.mohande30.com‬‬
 ‫ﺧﻂ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﻂ ﻛﺸﺘﻦ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﻲ ‪Kill line‬‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﮔﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻻ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ‪Knuckle joint‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‪،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭼﻴﺪﻥ )‪Lay down (pipe‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﮕـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﻩ ‪Liner‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﻩ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺸﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻭﻳﺰﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﻭﻳﺰﻩ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ‪Liner hanger‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﻩ ‪Liner lap‬‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ‪liner lap test‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺱ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ‪Loss of circulation‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﺎﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺿﺪ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ )‪Loss circulation material (LCM‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺪﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺻﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺳﺒﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺟـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﮔﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ )‪Lost returns(=complete loss‬‬
‫ﻼﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼـﻮﺹ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
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 ‫‪M‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ )‪Manifold (choke-‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ )‪Mill (to mill‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﺯﻥ ‪Mixer‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻞ ﻧﺸﺪﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺁﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ )ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ( ﺭﺍﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻥ ‪Monkey board‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩﻱ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ‪Motorman‬‬
‫ﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ )‪ (Mechanic‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺰﺀ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺟـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Mouse hole‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ‪Mud balance‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪۱۵۰‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﮔﻞ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﮔﻴﺮ ‪Mud box=Mud saver‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﮔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﮔﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Mud cake‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﻞ ‪Mud conditioning‬‬
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‫ﻫﺮﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼـﻪ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ ﮔـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺗﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮﮔﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Mud coolie‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺱ‪) ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‪ ،‬ﺧﺒﺮﻩ( ﮔﻞ ‪Mud engineer‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ ﮔـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﮔﻞ ‪Mud engineering tools‬‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻒ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺳﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Mud hose‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Mud loss‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺗﻼﻕ ﮔﻞ ‪Mud pit‬‬
‫ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Mud pump‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮔﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﺭﻱ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Mud salinity‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﻧﻤﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﮔﻞ ‪Mud solid‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭﮔﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﺖ ﺯﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺯﺩﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔـﻞ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻮﺽ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﮔﻞ ‪Mud tank‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﮔﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻗﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ‪Multiple completion‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ )ﻣﺨﺰﻥ( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Normal circulation‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﮔـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻤـﺎﻥ ﻓﻀـﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘـﻮﻱ ﻧـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ‪Normal formation pressure‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪Northing‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻴﺼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ )‪ (Easting‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭﻩ ﺟﺖ ‪Nozzle‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﺰﺑـﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻓﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﻪ ﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭﻩ ﻣﺘﻪ ‪Nozzle of the bit‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ‪ ۳‬ﺗﺎ( ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻭ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ‪Nut‬‬
‫‪ - ۱‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻭ ﻓﻨﺪﻕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ‪Nut and bolt‬‬

‫‪O‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ‪Observation well‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻨﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Obwerve(to)well‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﮔـﻞ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
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 ‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Offset well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺩﺭﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﻨـﺎﺭﻱ ﻳـﺎ ﻣـﺮﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺣﺎﺷـﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﭼﻨـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﺭﻳﺎ ‪Offshore drilling‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺁﺑـﻲ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ‪Offshore drilling platform‬‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻔﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺁﺏ )ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻭ ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺱ(‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﻧﻔﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ‪Oil base mud‬‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﺖ )ﮔﺎﺯﻭﺋﻴﻞ( ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻛـﻢ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﮔـﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺁﻟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺯﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻔﺖ ‪Oil cut mud=OCM‬‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺱ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ؛ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻞ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ‪Oil field‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ‪Oil saver‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ‪Oil seepage‬‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻏﺸﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ ‪Oil stain‬‬
‫ﺁﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ‪OPEC‬‬
‫‪Organization of Petoleum Exporting Countries‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ‪Ouside diameter‬‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪www.mohande30.com‬‬

 ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻳﻲ ‪Overburden pressure‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪P‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﭘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺰﺍﺑﻨﺪ ‪Packer‬‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﭘﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Penetration rate‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻲ‪.‬ﺍﭺ‪ ،‬ﻟﮕﺎﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻳﻮﻥ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ‪PH-value‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺣﻔﺮﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ ۷‬ﻭ ‪ ۱۴‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ؛ ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺩ ﺣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‪ ،‬ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ‪Pill‬‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺮﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺯﻭﻩ ﻧﺮ ‪Pin‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺯﻭﻩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪Pipe rack‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ ‪Pipe rams‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪Plug backn‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻣـﺪﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﺭﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ‪Pore pressure‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻧﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ ‪Pressure indicator‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﻆ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪pressure maintenance‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪Pressurizing‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻤﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﮔﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻒ ﭼﺎﻩ )‪Pressure (bottom hole-‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺗﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ )‪Pressure (formation‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪Production Liner‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻡ)ﻣﺨﻔﻒ( ‪Psi=pound per square inch‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻡ(‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪Pull to‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Pull a well‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Pull casing‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ‪Pulling tool‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺯ ‪Pulling unit‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ )‪Pull out(to‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺁﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ )‪P.O.H (Pull Out of the Hole‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Put a well on‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ ‪Quiet well‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑـﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﻭﺣﺸـﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻣـﺰﺍﺣﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ )‪Ram(s‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺳﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓـﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Rate of drilling=ROD=drilling rate=dr‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﺣـﺎﺋﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ‪Rate of flow=flow rate‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ‪Rate of penetration (ROP)=penetration‬‬
‫)ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﺕ(‬
‫ﺗﻨﮓ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Rat-hole=to rat-hole‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻨﮓ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺗﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺁﺳـﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻛﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ‪Rat-hole of Kelly‬‬
‫ﻼ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﮔﻮﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ‪ Rat-hole‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺱ ‪Rat-hole;in DST‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﺸﺎﺩ ﻛﻦ‪Reamer‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺭﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪Relief valve‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﺪﺍﺩﻱ ‪Relief well‬‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪www.mohande30.com‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻓﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﭼـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ(‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻳﻞ ‪Retainer‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ( ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺟـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ )ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﺎﻳﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻭﺍﺭﻭﻧﻪ ‪Reverse circulation‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺟﻬﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﮔﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ‪Reverse emulsion‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ‪Rheology‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ )ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ(‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Rig crew‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‪Rig down‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Rig Superintendent‬‬
‫ﻛﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻫﻔﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺣﻔـﺮ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻭ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻝ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻠﻲ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﻛﻞ ‪Rig up‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﮔﻞ ‪Riser‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﮔـﻞ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﻠﺘﺎﻧﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﺘﻴﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻥ )‪Roll(to‬‬

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 ‫ﻏﻠﺘﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﺘﻴﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻠﺘﻚ ﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ‪،‬ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ‪Roller bearing‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺳﺮﻣﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﺝ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻠﺘﻴﺪﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﺘﻴﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ‪Rotary drilling‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺰ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼـﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﻜﻮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ‪Rotary helper‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻭﺵ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻞ ‪Rotary hose‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻥ ‪Rotary kiln‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺯﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ )ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺒﺪﺍ( ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻔﺸﻚ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪Rotary shoe‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺗﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻓﻠﺰ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺧﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫـﺎ ﻣﻴﺴـﺮ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻥ ‪Rotary swivel‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Round trip‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ‪Roustabout‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ‪،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ )‪ (Crane Operator‬ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ )‪) (Roustabout‬ﺯﻳﺮﺳﻜﻮ( ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ )ﺩﺭﺧﺸﻜﻲ( ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗـﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴـﻞ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ‪Run in (the) hole=RIH‬‬
‫‪R.T.T.S. packer‬‬
‫‪Retrievable testing treating and squeezing packer‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬

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‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺩﺭﻟﺒﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪S‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ‪sack=sx‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺌﻮﻧﺎﻳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﺳـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ۹۴‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪ -۱‬ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ ۱۰۰‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪ -۲‬ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻮﻧﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫‪ ۱۰۰‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻥ ‪Safety platform=monkey board‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟـﺎﻳﻲ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Samples‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻨﮓ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺳﻲ ﺑﻠﺖ ‪Saybolt viscometer‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ )ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻒ( ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )‪ ۱۳۰ ،۱۰۰‬ﻭ ‪ ۲۱۰‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻴـﻒ ﻣـﺎﺭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻦ ‪Scraper‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻌﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﺮﺍﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ )ﺗﺮﺍﺵ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺵ( ‪Scratcher‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ( ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﮔﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﮔﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ‪Screen‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ )‪Screw(to‬‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪www.mohande30.com‬‬

 ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ‪Seat‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺯﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻳـﺎ ﻋﻤـﻖ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ )‪Set back(to‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪Set casing‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ‪Shale shaker‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺳـﺮﺍﺯﻳﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﮔـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻔﺸﻚ )ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ( )‪shoe (casing-‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﻙ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ )ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ(‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﺷﻨﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ )‪Shut down(to‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﻲ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻬﻠﻮ ﮔﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ‪Side-traching =Sidetracking‬‬
‫ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻳـﻚ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧـﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪﻩ ﭼـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﺰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ‪Side wall core‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ‪Side wall coring‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﻲ ‪Sieve analysis‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻚ )ﺳﺮﻧﺪ( ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻲ )‪Sieve (molecular‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺰ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺱ ‪Silt‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻞ ﻭﺯﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻦ ‪Sinker bar‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻐﺰﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Skid(to)the derrick‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ )ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ( ‪Slips=Rotary slips‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪Spool‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻠﺮ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ )‪Supd in (to‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻥ ‪Squeeze-cement‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻥ )ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ( ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔـﻞ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Squeezing‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﮔﭽﺴﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺭﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ‪ squeezing‬ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻔﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﮔﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﺥ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ )‪(Tight Connection‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﮔﻠﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺘﻪ )‪(Bit Balling‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﮔﻴﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ )‪(Pipes Stucking‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ )‪(Lost Circulation‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﺭﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪Stabilizer‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺯﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﻕ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻂ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﺞ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺁﻏﺸﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ‪Stain‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪Stands=thribble‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛـﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ‪Stand pipe‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺎﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻥ ‪Stick(to):Stuck pipe‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺷﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺷﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻭﻗـﺎﺕ ﺩﺷـﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺣﺘـﻲ ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻴﺰﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ )‪Sticky (formation‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﺟﺴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣـﺎﺭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺱ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﻣﺴـﺎﻟﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ(‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ‪Strike‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻂ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻏﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ )ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ‪ -‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻕ‪ -‬ﻏﺮﺏ( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ‪String shot‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺒﺸـﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺻﻞ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﻙ ﻭ ﺿـﺮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﺩﻱ ‪String shot back off‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ‪Sroke per minute‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ‪Stuck pipe‬‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪www.mohande30.com‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ( ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘـﺎﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪Stuck point‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺩﺭﺯﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪Stuffing box‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺗﻮﭘﻚ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ )ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ()‪Substructure (derrick‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻲ ‪Suspended well‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺘﻤـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﻓﻌـ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ )‪Swab(to‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ؛ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻨﺒﻪ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ )ﭘﻤـﭗ( ﻳـﺎ ﺍﺑـﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ )‪Swabbing(well‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺳﻨﺒﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻜﺶ ‪Swabbing effect‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﭘﺮ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪T‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﺮﺍﺵ‪ ،‬ﻗﻼﻭﻳﺰ )‪Tap (thread‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Taper tap‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻙ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫)ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﻮﻙ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ ‪Tee‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪Tensile strength‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻟﻬﻴـﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Thief formaiton‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ )ﻫﺮﺯ ﺭﻭﺩ(‬
‫ﺗﻴﻨﺮ ‪Thinner‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻟﻲ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ( ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﻣﻌـﺪﻧﻲ )ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻓﺴـﻔﺎﺕ ﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ(ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﺎﺯ‪Thinning agent‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ‪Thixotropy‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﺭﺳـﻨﺪ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺾ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ -‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮊﻻﺗﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﹰﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﮔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪Thribble=stand‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ )‪Tie(to‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺁﻭﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺩﻭﺯﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ‪Tie back (to)liner‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪Tight formation‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺗﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻨﮓ ‪Tight hole‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪Tongs‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﻳـﺎ ﺁﻭﻳـﺰﻩ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺳﺮﺣﻔﺎﺭ ‪Tool pusher‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻝ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻛﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺘﺎﻱ ﺷﺐ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﻱ ﺳﺮﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﺷﺐ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻛﺎﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺷﺐ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‪ ۱۲،‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﺷﺐ )‪Tour pusher (is prononunced tower‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺣﻔﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻ‪-‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ )‪Trip (Drilling-‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫـﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﻻﻳـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﺰﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Trip gas‬‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﻗـﻒ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ )‪Trip in (to‬‬
‫ﺁﻭﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ‪Tubing hanger‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐـﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﻐﺰﻱ ‪Tubing head‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺁﻏﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺩﺭﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻧـﻲ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻗﻠﻮ ‪Twin well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ )ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ( ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﻓـﻖ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻧﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪Twist off‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻮﻙ ﻣﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻـ ﹰﺎ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪U‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻴﺐ ‪Up dip‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ‪www.mohande30.com‬‬

 ‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺣﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ‪Urban well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﺣﻔﺮﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺣﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ )‪ ، (Urban area completion‬ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ‪3SV (Sub‬‬
‫)‪ surface safety valve‬ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪V‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺏ ﺳﻜﻮ ‪V-door=Derrick window‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺿـﻤﻦ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻧﺮﺩﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻘـﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ‪Vibrating screen‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺮ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺳﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻨﺞ ‪Viscometer‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﻮﺁﺯ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ )ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ( ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﻗﻴﻒ ﻣﺎﺭﺵ )‪Viscosimeter (Marsh Funel-‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺰﺑـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪W‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺑﻨﺪﺵ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺵ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪Waiting on cement=WOC‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺭﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﺵ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻼ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻼﺏ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﻼﺏ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻳﺎﺏ ‪Wall hook‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺵ ‪Wall scraper/scratcher‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺘﺮﺍﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﺣﻔـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺎﺯﻩ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺷﻮﻳﻲ )‪Wash over (to‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺵ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺷﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺷﻮﻱ ‪Wash over pipe‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ‪Water cushion‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﻕ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺣﺎﺩﺛـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺥ ﻧﺪﻫـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ‪Water disposal well‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﻚ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻧﻤﺎ ‪Weight indicator‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻭﻱ ﮔﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ‪Whip stock‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺤـﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ‪Wild cat well‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺣﻔﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ ﭼـﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺻﻔﺖ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩﺳﺮ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺑﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﭼـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺏ ﺳﻜﻮ )‪Window (Derrick-‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺮﺩﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﹰﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻜﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪Wire‬‬

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‫ﺳﻴﻢ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺑـﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ ﺳﺮﺑﺮﺝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ‪Wire line service/survey‬‬
‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻛﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ‪Wire rope‬‬
‫ﺩﻛﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ‪Work over rig‬‬
‫ﺩﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪X‬‬

‫ﺧﺸﻚ‪ -‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﺏ ‪Xero‬‬

‫ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪ -‬ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻜﺲ ‪X-ray‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻳﻠﻦ ‪Xylen‬‬

‫‪Y‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﮕﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﻭﻱ ‪Yield point‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ‪Yield strength‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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