Ensayo seminario de investigacion

mahonry
March 2019

The first fundamental question that we have to ask us is, if its possible
that certain physics quantities might be environmentally selected, rather than
uniquely determined by a fundamental principles?.

An what do i refer when i mention the therm ”environmentally selected”, well

in this moment of the humanity we know that the life in the planet earth is
possible thanks to a set of environmental conditions that allows the life in the
earth, a classic example to illustrate this point, is the size of the orbits of the
planets, although this can be explained by a fundamental laws of the physics, if
the orbit of the planet earth were different the life would not be possible, and
precisely this is a physical quanty environmentally selected.

From time to time modern scientists have suggested that the values of certain
physical constants, and perhaps even the form of some of the laws of nature,
might similarly be environmentally determined [1, 2]. This is know as ”an-
thropic principle” and is formally states as follows: ”If in the Universe certain
conditions must be verified for our existence, said conditions are verified because
we exist”[3], Inflationary cosmology suggests that our universe may be one of a
vast, perhaps infinite, number of causally disconnected universes, and studies of
flux compactification in string theory suggest that - at least in that version of
quantum gravity - the laws of nature and physical constants could be different
in each of those universes [4].

Anthropic reasoning raises some deep questions that will be difficult (perhaps
even impossible) to answer scientifically: Is there a multiverse to begin with?
Are string theory and eternal inflation the correct tools with which to study
the space of possible universes? What parameters of the Standard Model are
environmentally selected, and what is the a priori distribution over which en-
vironmentally selected parameters range? These questions would have to be
addressed before one could claim that some parameter, like the up-down quark
mass difference, is environmentally selected. However, there is another, less
daunting question to be asked about the parameters of the Standard Model:
To what extent is a particular parameter environmentally constrained? Over
what range of a parameter do the laws of physics allow for the existence of an
observer?[5]

1
For these reasons is that I pose the question that will guide my documentary
research and the question is: Its possible that the organic chemistry develops in
universes where the mass of the quarks will vary?.

If the life in this universes where the organic chemistry is allow with different
mass of the quarks is developed or not, is the result if many historical contin-
gencies and the evolution of the universe itself, but in part the life is allowed
since the organic chemistry is it.

If we understand well enough the process that allowed the life and its devel-
opment, we must be able to predict what will happen in universes with a little
differences with the ours.

In order to determine the environmental constraints on the interactions and

physical constants in our universe, we must be able to deduce the physical con-
sequences of varying the laws and parameters that are familiar to us. If we do
not understand the theoretical landscape well enough to declare certain regions
environmentally barren of observers or others fruitful, it will not be possible
to place environmental constraints on the various ingredients of the Standard
Model. The generally-accepted environmental explanation for the radius of the
earth’s orbit provides a good example of how this process might work: There are
environmental constraints on carbon-based life forms. Biochemical structures
cannot survive if it is too hot and biochemical reactions grind to a halt if it is
too cold. One could, in principle, make these limits precise by studying the de-
pendence of carbon chemistry and biology on temperature. At the end of a long
and careful study one could imagine arriving at an understanding of the temper-
ature constraints on the emergence of carbon based life forms. Combined with a
similar understanding of planetary science, these would translate into environ-
mental constraints on the orbital radius of a planet inhabited by carbon-based
life. These questions are clearly within the purview of science, and this is the
type of analysis we would like to carry out within the Standard Model. The
question of whether the earth’s radius was environmentally selected depends
on whether the universe contains many planetary systems and on the distri-
butions of orbital radii, compositions, and so forth. Likewise, the question of
whether some aspect of the Standard Model is environmentally selected depends
on whether there is a multiverse and on the a priori distribution of SM proper-
ties and parameters over that multiverse. This second question involves totally
different physics—cosmology, grand unificcation, etc.—and is much harder to
answer than whether some parameter of the SM is environmentally constrained
[5]