Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Patient Monitoring System Using GSM and
Patient Monitoring System Using GSM and
Faculty of Engineering
Project Proposal
EUGENE ODHIAMBO
ENG-211-007/2012
DATE: 4/04/2016
ABSTRACT
I plan to both simulate and fabricate this project so that the end result becomes a
comprehensive system. Softwares that I will use are the Arduino Software, matlab and circuit
wizard. Bulk of simulation will be done with matlab while circuit wizard shall be majorly for
drawing.
i. Having someone to watch a critically ill person is very expensive and takes a lot of manpower.
These valuable resources can be used elsewhere.
ii. The current systems for this monitoring are prohibitively expensive, they are only found in
certain hospitals, leave alone homes. This project will partly solve this problem.
iii. Systems used in hospitals are also complex that only certain people can understand them. The
current systems also require one to be around to check the condition of the patient
1.2 OBJECJECTIVES
Main objective
To develop a cheap prototype of a system that can monitor the body temperature and heartbeat of
a patient at home and in the hospital.
Specific objectives
i. To use temperature sensor to measure body temperature
ii. To use heartbeat temperature to measure rate of heartbeat
iii. Compute the two signals then display to a LCD and send to mobile phone as a SMS.
iv. To alert through text when there is an abnormal parameter
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
This project is made of cheap materials. A complete system that measures temperature and
heart beat is so far expensive. This system is fully automated system and does not require any
human attention.
Automatic alert system using enabled by Arduino gives intimation to user. GSM interfacing
provides a feature of remote monitoring of patient parameters. The system determines the heart
beat rate per minute and then sends short message service (SMS) alert to the mobile phone on
top of displaying it on a LCD. It is also cost effective and portable. It is easy to handle and
efficient. It is not as complex as the current systems
1.1 Researches
Much has been done in this field. Among the researches and proposals in this area include the
following.
Wan seri bahiyah [3] does a project where he uses Zigbee, Arduino Uno, and ECG circuit and
temperature sensor. He uses Lab View to process the signals. The problem is that this does not
cover a wide are as compared to GSM.
Lauren Akoth [4] introduces processing and simulation of ECG data using Matlab. This one is a
good research on how to simulate heart rate.
Purnima, Puneet Singh [5], uses both Zigbee and GSM to transmit the data obtained from a
patient. GSM is used for purpose of mobile phones while zigbee is for PCs where the transmitted
signals are processed.
Bandana Mallick and Ajit Kumar [6] proposed the use of fingertip to measure the heart rate and
process it using Arduino.
Shrenik Suresh Sarade et. al[9] proposed a project having a simple, microcontroller based heart
beat rate & body temperature measuring device with display the information on LCD display.
Heart rate of the subject/body is measured from the index finger using IRD (Infra-Red Device)
sensors. Also Saline Level is measured continuously for different levels. The device alarms when
the heart beat & the body temperature exceed the provided threshold value. This threshold value
is defined by the programmer at the time of programming of microcontroller. The threshold
value is as 20 to 120 pulses per minute for heart beat indication & 18°C to 38°C for temperature.
This information transmitted wirelessly to the doctor which is not in the vicinity of the patient
through GSM technique. The problem with the use of infrared Device is that the LED light must
be very bright or it will not be sensed by the photodiode.
Analysis of LM35
The circuit diagram is shown above. There are two transistors in the centre of this circuit. One
has ten times the emitter area of the other. This means it has one tenth of the current density,
since the same current is going through both transistors. This causes a voltage across the resistor
R1 that is proportional to the absolute temperature, and is almost linear across the range we care
about. A special circuit straightens out the slightly curved graph of voltage versus temperature.
The amplifier at the top ensures that the voltage at the base of the left transistor (Q1) is
proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) by comparing the output of the two transistors.
The amplifier at the right converts absolute temperature (measured in Kelvin) into Celsius. The
little circle with the "i" in it is a constant current source circuit.
The two resistors are calibrated in the factory to produce a highly accurate temperature sensor.
The integrated circuit has many transistors in it -- two in the middle, some in each amplifier,
some in the constant current source, and some in the curvature compensation circuit. All of that
is fit into the tiny package with three leads.
A simple circuit made of two LM358 operational amplifiers, resistors, a photo diode and LEDs
will be used. The purpose of this circuit is to detect and then amplify the heart beat signal before
it is fed into Arduino.
Source: circuitwiring.com
Photodiode and LED
The LED and the photo diode shall be connected as shown below.
Amplifier
The detector is then connected to the LM538 operational amplifier. Signal from photodiode gets
into the first op-amp through pin 5. This signal is between 1.0 to 1.4 volts. After amplification, it
comes out through pin 7 at 5 to 6 volts. This voltage carries the heart rate signal.
The output of the op-amp is regulated by resistor R5. Led D3 gives visual indication of voltage at
pin 7.
R3 controls the gain of the first op-amp so that the gain is neither too high nor too low and to
enable the LED go off and on.
Fig 1.4 The signal from the photodiode (finger clip), is amplified.
Comparator
The final op-amp acts as a comparator. Its gain is set to maximum, that is, open loop gain.
The open loop voltage gain of LM358N op-amp is 100, meaning the difference between pin 2
and pin 3 is automatically multiplied by 100. The output will however be limited by the voltage
supply. The signal from pin 7 is short-lived or transient; hence DC signal is created to be used by
the comparator as the reference point. When the heart signal is below the reference voltage, the
comparator turns off the LED and if the opposite occurs, it turns on the LED.
With finger in the clip and first D3 barely on, potentiometer R6 is adjusted until LED D4 blinks.
Fig 1.5 After the signal is amplified, a comparator configuration with a "flat" d.c. signal to make
the L.E.D. flash
A heart beat sensor shall be used to replace the ECG machine. My sensor shall use optical
method to sense blood flow in the veins and convert that to heart beat.
Optical method uses the fact that blood vessels in any patch of skin such as fingertips furnished
with a good blood supply, alternately expand and contract in time with the heartbeat. A LED and
a photo resistor are used to sense this variation in skin contrast. This method uses both
transmittance and reflectance principles. It is precise, cheap and non-invasive method due to lack
of attachment on the body.
2.3 Arduino Uno
The Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller. It is simply connected to the computer using a USB cable or
powered with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get it started.
"Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0.
The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of
Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino
boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform.
WHY ARDUINO
Cheap - Arduino boards are inexpensive when compared to other microcontroller platforms.
Cross-platform - The Arduino Software runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux
operating systems. Most microcontroller systems can only run on Windows.
Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy-to-use for
beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well.
Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open source tools,
available for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be expanded through
C++ libraries.
Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino boards are published under a
Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make their own version of the
module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively inexperienced users can build the
breadboard version of the module in order to understand how it works and save money.
The ATmega328 on the Uno comes preprogrammed with a boot loader that allows one to upload
new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. The Uno can be
programmed with the Arduino Software (IDE).
2.4 LCD Display
Below is a typical LCD display
Source: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HelloWorld
The LCD will display the body temperature and hear rate
Source: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoGSMShield
The Arduino GSM Shield allows an Arduino board to connect to the internet, make and
receive voice calls and send and receive SMS messages. The shield uses a radio modem M10 by
Quectel. It is possible to communicate with the board using AT commands. The GSM library has
a large number of methods for communication with the shield.
The shield uses digital pins 2 and 3 for software serial communication with the M10. Pin 2 is
connected to the M10’s TX pin and pin 3 to its RX pin. The M10 is a Quad-band GSM/GPRS
modem that works at frequencies GSM850MHz, GSM900MHz, DCS1800MHz and
PCS1900MHz. It supports TCP/UDP and HTTP protocols through a GPRS connection. GPRS
data downlink and uplink transfer speed maximum is 85.6 kbps.
To interface with the cellular network, the board requires a SIM card provided by a network
operator.
A SIM card is inserted into the holder
2.5.1 GSM
This is an international standard for mobile communication which in full is Global System for
Mobile communications. It also referred to as 2G, which is second generation cellular network.
GSM supports outgoing and incoming voice calls, Simple Message System, and data
communication via GPRS among others.
The Arduino GSM shield is actually a GSM modem. In the eyes of a mobile operator, the
Arduino GSM shield looks just like a mobile phone while from Arduino perspective, the
Arduino GSM shield looks just like a modem.
2.5.2 GPRS
GPRS is a packet switching technology that stands for General Packet Radio Service. It can
provide data rates between 56-114 Kbit per second.
A number of technologies such as SMS rely on GPRS to function. With the GSM shield, it is
also possible to leverage the data communication to access the internet. Similar to the Ethernet
and Wi-Fi libraries, the GSM library allows the Arduino to act as a client or server, using http
calls to send and receive web pages.
In addition to the GSM shield and an Arduino, another needed thing is a SIM card. The SIM
represents a contract with a communications provider. The communications provider will
provide GSM coverage where I am, and or have a roaming agreement with a company providing
GSM coverage in my location.
This sketch will check the modem's IMEI number. This number is unique to each modem, and is
used to identify valid devices that can connect to a GSM network. Once the number has been
read from the modem, the Arduino will print out the network carrier it is connected to and the
signal strength of the network over the serial port.
Various codes are then used to enable the GSM capabilities such as calls, sms among others.
CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the method which will be used to implement this project. This project
is divided into two main parts which are hardware design and software design. For the hardware
design, it is focus on the main controller hardware, Arduino Uno board which connects to the
heart rate sensor and temperature sensor (LM 35). Meanwhile, for the software design, Arduino
and Matlab are used.
Hardware design
GSM Module
This is interfaced with the Arduino Uno to transfer the processed signal to a doctor, a nurse or a
relative via GSM module.
Heart Beat sensor
This shall read the heart rate which is then processed by the processor and displayed on LCD
display and sent out through GSM module
FLOW CHART OF THE SYSTEM
start
Send data to
phone
no
ECG Display?
yes
no
Body temperature
display?
yes
End
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
Arduino Uno
LCD display
sensor
sensor
patient
Arduino GSM
shield
doctor's/ gurdian's
nurse's phone
phone
CHAPTER 5: BUDGET
In this chapter, I give an approximation of how much I expect to spend in this project
6
photodiode Ksh 100
2
Resistors: 1 × 100 kΩ, Ksh 100
1 ×10 kΩ,
1 ×2.4 kΩ, 5
1 ×330 Ω,
1 × 100 Ω,
Project Proposal
Background Research
Proposal Preparation
Proposal presentation
Implementation
Coding
Simulation and
implementation
Write up
Submit Project
Presentation
References
[1] www.ti.com “Texas instruments LM35 integrated temperature sensor data sheet” 2016.
[2] www.arduino.cc
[3] Wan Seri Bahiyah Binti w Sudin Patient monitoring system using wireless sensor network
[4] Banja Wendy Lauren Akoth Home patient monitoring based on gprs
[5] Purnima, Puneet Singh “Zigbee and GSM Based Patient Health Monitoring System” 2014
International Conference on Electronics and Communication System (lCECS -2014)
[6] Bandana Mallick and Ajit Kumar Patro “Teart rate monitoring system using fingertip through
Arduino and processing software” Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
10th April 2014. Vol. 62 No.1
[7] A. N. M. M Haque, G. Tangim, T. Ahammad and M. R. H Khonokar M. K Islam, "Study and
analysis of ECG signal using MATLAB & LABVIEW as effective tools.," vol. IV, no. 3, June
2012.
[8] Jaiee Sitaram Adivarekar et. al “Patient Monitoring System Using GSM Technology”
International Journal Of Mathematics And Computer Research Volume 1 issue 2 March 2013
Page No.73-78 ISSN :2320-7167
[9] Shrenik Suresh Sarade et. al “ patient monitoring and alerting system by using gsm”
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 02 Issue: 03
|June-2015