Manganese is a metal that is less corrosion resistant than chromium, because

the oxide does not protect. This element can be made from decomposed MnO2
oxide. A stable manganese ion in a base, is MnO2 which is added by KOH and
oxidized with O2 or KNO3 which produces manganate (MnO42-). The
configuration of the manganese electron is [Ar] 3d5 4s2. Using 4s electrons and
then to 5 unpaired 3d electrons, manganese has an oxidation number between
+2 to +7. The important reaction in manganese compounds is an oxidation-
reduction reaction. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is an important oxidizing
agent. For chemical analysis it is used in acidic solutions, where the compound is
reduced to Mn2 +

Manganese is relatively abundant and is found in many deposits, especially

oxides, oxide hydrates, or carbonates. The metal can be obtained therefrom, or
from Mn3O4 obtained by hanging it, through reduction with aluminum.
Manganese is quite electropositive, and easily dissolves in acids rather than
oxidizing. The most important use of manganese is in steel production.
The pH-potential diagram or the Pourbaix diagram maps the stable phases of metals and their
compounds in solutions with water solvents, which are in thermodynamic equilibrium, as a function
of the electrode potential and pH of the solution. In the diagram the potential for pH for iron has a
corrosion zone, which is the area of iron dissolution reaction located in an acidic region and in a
narrow area in very alkaline conditions; passive zone, namely the area of formation of membranes
insoluble on the metal surface which prevents further corrosion; and invulnerable zones, namely
regions that are thermodynamically state as metals are the most stable phases.

The usefulness of the Pourbaix diagram is primarily to estimate the direction of spontaneous
reactions; corrosion product composition; and environmental changes that will prevent or reduce the
rate of corrosion.