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Rimbang
Rimbang
ABSTRACT
Objective: To formulate rimbang fruit extract in the microemulsion dosage form and anti-aging
test effect on skin.
Methods: Rimbang fruit extract prepared by maceration then formulated into microemulsion
dosage form with various concentration of 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%. The microemulsion preparation
is prepared by adding the oil phase into the water phase them the distillery until a clear and
transparent microemulsion is formed. Characterization of the simplicia powder includes the
determination of water content, water soluble sari content, soluble ethanol content, total ash
content, and acidity unsaturated ash content. Evaluation of microemulsion preparation includes a
stability test of dosage, homogeneity, emulsion type, viscosity, pH, centrifugation, determination
of microemulsion type, surface tension, particle size, irritation test, and anti-aging effect test used
skin analyzer. Anti-aging parameters measured included moisture, number of stains and wrinkles
number.
Results: Characterization result: water content 4.99%, water soluble sari 12.1%, ethanol soluble
concentration 23.5%, total ash content 4.96%, and acid content 0,46%. Microemulsion preparation
of the rimbang fruit extract is homogeneous, low viscosity, pH 5.2-6.9, weight type 1.0593-1.0979
gram/ml, surface tension 33.13-36,00 dyne/cm, particle size 331.86-548.30 nm, stable for 12
weeks storage and does not irritate the skin. The results of anti-aging effect measurements showed
that the 1.5% rimbang fruit extract microemulsion gave the best results.
Karakterisasi Simplisia
Karakterisasi simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik, pemeriksaan mikroskopik,
penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar sari larut etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan
penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam seperti yang tertera pada Materia Medika Indonesia (Ditjen
POM., 1995), sedangkan penetapan kadar air seperti yang tertera pada Quality Control Methods
for Medicinal Plants Material (WHO, 1992).
Pembuatan Ekstrak
Serbuk simplisia daun binahong dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%.
Evaluasi Mikroemulsi
Pengamatan stabilitas
Sediaan mikroemulsi dievaluasi secara fisik meliputi bau, warna, kejernihan dan endapan
selama 12 minggu dengan pengamatan setiap 1 minggu sekali. Pengamatan ini dilakukan pada
mikroemulsi yang disimpan pada suhu kamar.
Uji viskositas
Pengukuran viskositas dilakukan dengan cara sediaan mikroemulsi dimasukkan ke dalam
beaker glass 100 ml dan dipilih nomor spindle yang sesuai. Pengukuran ini dilakukan dengan tiga
kali pengulangan dengan menggunakan viskometer Brookfield DV-E.
Penentuan pH
Penentuan pH sediaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat pH meter. Cara: Alat terlebih
dahulu dikalibrasi dengan menggunakan larutan dapar standar netral (pH 7,01) dan larutan dapar
pH asam (pH 4,01) hingga alat menunjukkan harga pH tersebut. Kemudian elektroda dicuci
dengan air suling, lalu dikeringkan dengan tissue. Sampel dibuat dalam konsentrasi 1% yaitu
ditimbang 0,25 gram sediaan dan dilarutkan dalam 25 ml air suling. Kemudiaan elektroda
dicelupkan dalam larutan tersebut. Dibiarkan alat menunjukkan harga pH sampai konstan. Angka
yang ditunjukkan pH meter merupakan pH sediaan (Rawlins, 2003).
Uji sentrifugasi
Uji sentrifugasi dilakukan pada awal setelah sediaan dibuat dengan pengukuran sebanyak 1
kali. Sediaan mikroemulsi dimasukkan ke dalam tabung sentrifugasi kemudian dilakukan
sentrifugasi pada kecepatan 3750 rpm selama 5 jam (Lachman, dkk., 1994).
Irritation test
Irritation test conducted on 24 volunteers with patch test technique by attaching the
preparation on the back of the ear.
Anti-aging test
The result of the anti-aging effect using cream of breadfruit leaf extract on volunteer’s
facial skin were shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5.From Fig 1. Fig 2,
Fig 3, Fig 4, and Fig 5, can be seen that breadfruit leaf extract can improve skin condition after 4
weeks treatment.
Figure
35
Kadar air
Blanko
30
0.1%
25 0.3%
0.5%
20
0 1 2 3 4
Waktu (minggu)
Noda (Spot)
40
35
Banyak noda
30 Blanko
25 0.1%
0.3%
20
0.5%
15
0 1 2 3 4
Waktu (minggu)
Keriput (Wrinkle)
45
40
35
Keriput
30 Blanko
25 0.1%
20 0.3%
15 0.5%
10
0 1 2 3 4
Waktu (minggu)
DISCUSSION
Based on the data in Table 2 shows that each formula was homogeneous. pH value was
6.00-7.00 which was within the range of permitted pH requirements for cosmetics (5-8). Each
formula were stable during storage and were non-irritating to the skin and it can be said that the
overall preparation microemulsion are safe to use.
Based on the figure, microemulsion of binahong leaf extract 0.5% showed the best
effectiveness of anti-aging compared to other preparations.
CONCLUSION
Simplisia daun binahong yang dikarakterisasi menujukkan hasil yang sesuai untuk dapat
diformulasi. Ekstrak daun binahong dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan mikroemulsi sebagai
anti-aging dan mikroemulsi ekstrak daun binahong 0.5% menunjukkan efektivitas anti-aging
yang terbaik.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like thank to Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sumatera Utara for
supporting this project.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
For further research to develop the binahong leaf extract in other preparations.
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