Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Able to : có thể
Acceptable to : có thể chấp nhận
Accustomed to : quen với
Agreeable to : có thể đồng ý
Addicted to : đam mê
Available to sb : sẵn cho ai
Delightfull to sb : thú vị đối với ai
Familiar to sb : quen thuộc đối với ai
Clear to : rõ ràng
Contrary to : trái lại, đối lập
Equal to : tương đương với
Exposed to : phơi bày, để lộ
Favourable to : tán thành, ủng hộ
Grateful to sb : biết ơn ai
Harmful to sb (for sth) : có hại cho ai (cho cái gì)
Important to : quan trọng
Identical to sb : giống hệt
Kind to : tử tế
Likely to : có thể
Lucky to : may mắn
Liable to : có khả năng bị
Necessary to sth/sb : cần thiết cho việc gì / cho ai
Next to : kế bên
Open to : cởi mở
Pleasant to : hài lòng
Preferable to : đáng thích hơn
Profitable to : có lợi
Responsible to sb : có trách nhiệm với ai
Rude to : thô lỗ, cộc cằn
Similar to : giống, tương tự
Useful to sb : có ích cho ai
Willing to : sẵn lòng
CỤM TỪ ĐI KÈM GIỚI TỪ FOR
Giới từ in
To beliveve in st/sb: tin tưởng cái gì / vào ai
To delight in st: hồ hởi về cái gì
To employ in st: sử dụng về cái gì
To encourage sb in st:cổ vũ khích lệ ai làm cái gì
To discourage sb in st: làm ai nản lòng
To be engaged in st: tham dự ,lao vào cuộc
To be experienced in st: có kinh nghiệm về cái gì
To help sb in st: giúp ai việc gì
To include st in st: gộp cái gì vào cái gì
To indulge in st: chìm đắm trong cái gì
To instruct sb in st: chỉ thị ai việc gì
To be interested in st /doing st: quan tâm cái gì /việc gì
To invest st in st: đầu tư cái gì vào cái gì
To involed in st: dính lứu vào cái gì
To persist in st: kiên trì trong cái gì
To share in st: chia sẻ cái gì
To share st with sb in st:chia sẻ cái gì với ai
To be deficient in st: thiếu hụt cái gì
To be fortunate in st: may mắn trong cái gì
To be honest in st /sb: trung thực với cái gì
To be enter in st: tham dự vào cái gì
To be weak in st: yếu trong cái gì
Giới từ on
To be dependence on st/sb:lệ thuộc vào cái gì /vào ai
To be intent on st: tập trung tư tưởng vào cái gì
To be keen on st: mê cái gì
CHỦ ĐỀ MÔI TRƯỜNG (ENVIRONMENT)
Cut down the tremendous demand for petrol: Giảm bớt nhu cầu sử dụng xăng dầu
Mitigate the problems of overconsuming fuel: Làm giảm bớt những vấn đề của việc
tiêu thụ quá nhiều nguyên liệu
Launch eco-products/enviromentally-friendly items: Tung ra/Sản xuất các sản phẩm
thân thiệt với môi trường
Upgrade infrastructure/facilities for environment: Nâng cấp cơ sở hạ tầng và trang
thiết bị cho môi trường
Preserve/Protect/Safeguard environment: Bảo vệ môi trường
Minimize the bad effects of global warming: Giảm thiểu những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực
của sự nóng lên toàn cầu
Prevent/Limit enviromental pollution: Ngăn ngừa sự ô nhiễm môi trường
Reduce global environmental hazards: Làm giảm bớt những nguy cơ của môi trường
toàn cầu
CHỦ ĐỀ GIA ĐÌNH (FAMILY)
Set a good example for children: Là tấm gương tốt cho con trẻ noi theo
Spend quality time with your family: Dành thời gian cho gia đình
Benefit the mental and physical well-being of children: Có lợi cho sự phát triển về
tinh thần và thể chất của trẻ nhỏ
Establish close-knit relationship with reletives and family members: Tạo mối quan
hệ thân thiết với gia đình và họ hang
Secure better conditions for children's future: Đảm bảo những điều kiện tốt cho
tương lai của trẻ
Encourage children to take part in cooling-down/recreational activities such as
sports, drawing or travelling to improve their health status: Khuyến khích trẻ tham gia
các hoạt động giải trí như thể thao, vẽ hoặc du lịch để cải thiện sức khoẻ.
Contribute hugely/significantly to children’s future: Đóng góp tích cực tới tương lai
của trẻ
CHỦ ĐỀ SỨC KHỎE (HEALTH)
Take part in outdoor activities/Play outdoor games rather than indoors: Tham gia
các hoạt động ngoài trời thay vì ở nhà
Abstain for something: Kiêng cữ thứ gì đó vì lợi ích sức khoẻ
Halt the spread of the disease: Ngăn chặn sự nhiễm bệnh
Increase/Raise public's awareness about the bad influences of unhealthy
diet/eating meat/drinking acohol excessively: Nâng cao nhận thức của cộng đồng về
ảnh hưởng xấu của chế độ ăn uống không lành mạnh/ăn quá nhiều thịt/uống nhiều
rượu
Run health awareness campaigns: Chạy các chiến dịch nâng cao nhận thức về sức
khoẻ
Protect people from serious diseases: Bảo vệ mọi người khỏi những căn bệnh nguy
hiểm
Eating/Drinking something moderately: Ăn uống điều độ
CHỦ ĐỀ DU LỊCH (TRAVEL)
Promote intercultural understanding and global harmony: Thúc đẩy sự hiểu biết giữa
các nền văn hoá
Develop tourism sustainably: Phát triển du lịch một cách bền vững
Exchange culture: Trao đổi văn hoá
Bring economic benefits to host destinations from travel - related services: Mang
đến những lợi ích về mặt kinh tế cho nước chủ nhà nhờ kinh doanh các dịch vụ du
lịch
Preserve deep-roted cultural traditions: Bảo tồn, lưu giữ truyền thống văn hoá lâu đời
Provide regular employment for many local people: Tạo công ăn việc làm cho người
dân địa phương
Popularize/Spread local culture/cultural identities to foreign investors: Quảng bá
văn hoá địa phương ra thế giới
CHỦ ĐỀ CÔNG NGHỆ (TECHNOLOGY)
Make our daily lives much less laborious and more colorful: Giúp cuộc sống của
chúng ta đỡ mệt mỏi hơn và nhiều màu sắc hơn
Provide various leisure options: Cung cấp nhiều lựa chọn, hình thức giải trí
Visualize our study and entertainment: Hình ảnh hoá nội dung học tập và giải trí
Address daily tasks more promptly: Giải quyết các công việc trong ngày nhanh
chóng hơn
Boost the productivity of work: Nâng cao hiệu quả và năng suất công việc
0. As opposed to: Used to make a contrast between two things
Example: This exercise develops suppleness as opposed to strength.
1. Amid
in the middle of or during something, especially something that causes excitement or
fear
Example: He finished his speech amid tremendous applause.
2. Surrounded by something
Example: The hotel was in a beautiful position amid lemon groves.
3. By means of:With the help of something
Example: The load was lifted by means of a crane.
4. By virtue of/In virtue of: By means of or because of something
Example: She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.
5. For the sake of (doing) something: In order to get or keep something
Example: The translation sacrifices naturalness for the sake of accuracy.
6. In accordance with something: According to a rule or the way that something should
be done
Example: We acted in accordance with my parents’ wishes.
7. In addition (to somebody/something): Used when you want to mention another
person/thing after something else
Example: In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until
midnight.
8. In case of something: If something happens
Example: In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.
9. In lieu of : Instead of
Example: They took cash in lieu of the prize they had won.
10. In order to do something: With the purpose or intention of doing or achieving
something
Example: In order to get a complete picture, further information is needed.
11. In place of somebody/something: Instead of somebody/something
Example: We just had soup in place of a full meal.
12. In respect of something
Concerning
Example: A writ was served on the firm in respect of their unpaid bill.
In payment for something
Example: money received in respect of overtime
13. In view of something: Considering something
Example: In view of the weather, the event will now be held indoors.
14. On account of something: Because of
Example: The marsh is an area of great scientific interest on account of its wild flowers.
15. On behalf of somebody: In order to help somebody
Example: They campaigned on behalf of asylum seekers.
16. On top of
In addition to something
Example: He gets commission on top of his salary.
In control of a situation
Example: Work tends to pile up if I don’t keep on top of it.
17. Thanks to: Used to say that something has happened because of
somebody/something
Example: It was all a great success – thanks to a lot of hard work.
18. With a view to (doing) something: With the intention or hope of doing something
Example: He is painting the house with a view to selling it.
19. With regard to/In regard to: Concerning somebody/something
Example: The company’s position with regard to overtime is made clear in their
contracts.
20. Apropos/Apropos of: Regarding, concerning or related to somebody/something
Example: Apropos our date for lunch, I cannot go.
21. Astride: With one leg on each side of something, situated on both sides of
something; lying across or over; spanning
Example: Rights groups urged the Indonesian government to block a proposed law
banning women from sitting astride motorcycles in deeply Islamic Aceh province, where
the position is deemed “improper”.
22. Athwart
Across, from one side to the other
Example: They put a table athwart the doorway.
2. Not agreeing with, opposite to
Example: His statement ran athwart what was previously said.
23. Atop: On top of, at the top of
Example: Fruit and vegetable prices rose 1.3 per cent atop a 2 per cent gain last month.
24. Barring: Except for, unless there is/are
Example: Barring accidents, we should arrive on time.
25. Beneath:
In or to a lower position than somebody/something; under somebody/something
Example: They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves.
Not good enough for somebody
Example: He considers such jobs beneath him.
26. Beside
Next to or at the side of somebody/something
Example: He sat beside her all night.
Compared with somebody/something
Example: My painting looks childish beside yours.
27. Besides: In addition to somebody/something; apart from somebody/something
Example: Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.
28. Beyond
1.On or to the further side of something
Example: The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
2. Later than a particular time
Example: I know what I’ll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven’t thought
beyond that.
3. More than something
Example: Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.
4. Used to say that something is not possible
Example: The situation is beyond our control.
5. Too far or too advanced for somebody/something
Example: The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.
29. Circa: (used with dates) about, in approximately
Example: She was born circa 1920.
30. Concerning: About something, involving somebody/something
Example: All cases concerning children are dealt with in a special children’s court.
Synonyms: Apropos, Regarding, Respecting, With respect to, As for, As regards, In
respect of, With regard to, In regard to
31. Considering
Used to show that you are thinking about a particular fact, and are influenced by it,
when you make a statement about something
Example: Considering he has only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
32. Despite/In spite of
Used to show that something happened or is true although something else might have
happened to prevent it
Example: Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
33. Except/Except for/Apart from/Aside from
Used before mentioning the only thing or person about which a statement is not true
Example: We work every day except Sunday.
34. Excluding: Not including
Example: Lunch cost 10 dollars per person, excluding drinks.
35. Failing
Used to introduce a suggestion that could be considered if the one just mentioned is
not possible
Example: Ask a friend to recommend a doctor or, failing that, ask for a list in your local
library.
36. Following: After or as a result of a particular event
Example: He took charge of the family business following his father’s death.
37. Given: When you consider something
Example: Given his age (Considering how old he is), he is remarkably active.
38. Including: Having something as part of a group or set
Example: Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
39. Notwithstanding: Without being affected by something; despite something
Example: Notwithstanding some financial problems, the club has had a successful
year.
40. Onto
Used with verbs to express movement on or to a particular place or position
Example: She stepped down from the train onto the platform.
2. Used to show that something faces in a particular direction
Example: The window looked out onto the terrace.
41. Opposite
1. On the other side of a particular area from somebody/something, and usually
facing them.
Example: The bank is opposite the supermarket.
Acting in a film or plays as the partner of somebody
Example: She starred opposite Tom Hanks.
42. Past
1. Later than something
Example: It was past midnight when we got home.
On or to the other side of somebody/something
Example: He hurried past them without stopping.
Above or further than a particular point or stage
Example: Unemployment is now past the 3 million mark.
43. Per: Used to express the cost or amount of something for each
Example: This country has a higher crime rate per 100,000 of the population than most
other European countries.
44. Qua: As something, in the role of something
Example: The soldier acted qua soldier, not as a human being.
45. Regarding: Concerning/about somebody/something
Example: She has said nothing regarding your request.
46. Respecting/With respect to: Concerning
Example: information respecting the child’s whereabouts
47. Sans: Without
Example: There were no potatoes so we had fish and chips sans the chips.
48. Save/Save for: Except something
Example: They knew nothing about her save her name.
49. Throughout
In or into every part of something
Example: They export their products to markets throughout the world.
During the whole period of time of something
Example: The museum is open daily throughout the year.
50. Towards
In the direction of somebody/something
Example: They were heading towards the German border.
Getting closer to achieve something
Example: This is a first step towards political union.
Close or closer to a point in time
Example: towards the end of April
In relation to somebody/something
Example: He was tender and warm towards her.
With the aim of obtaining something, or helping somebody to obtain something
Example: The money will go towards a new school.
51. Underneath
Under or below something else, especially when it is hidden or covered by the thing on
top
Example: The coin rolled underneath the piano.
Used to talk about somebody’s real feelings or character, as opposed to the way they
seem to be
Example: Underneath her cool exterior she was really very frightened.
52. Upon: Formal use of “on”
Example: The decision was based upon two considerations.
Versus: Used to compare two different things
Example: It was the promise of better job opportunities versus the inconvenience of
moving away and leaving her friends.
53. Via
Through a place
Example: We flew home via Dubai.
By means of a particular person, system…
Example: The news programme came to us via satellite.
54. Within
Before a particular period of time has passed; during a particular period of time
Example: Two elections were held within the space of a year.
Not further than a particular distance from something
Example: a house within a mile of the station
Inside the range or limits of something
Example: The question is not within the scope of this talk.
Inside somebody/something
Example: There is discontent within the farming industry.
55. According to:
As stated or reported by somebody/something
Example: You have been absent six times according to our records.
Following, agreeing with or depending on something
Example: The salary will be fixed according to qualifications and experience.
56. Ahead of
Further forward in space or time than somebody/something; in front of
Example: Ahead of us lay ten days of intensive training.
Earlier than
Example: I finished several days ahead of the deadline.
Further advanced than somebody/something, e.g. in a race or competition
Example: She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.
57. Owing to: Because of
Example: The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain.
58. Prior to: Before something
Example: during the week prior to the meeting
59. Regardless of: Paying no attention to something/somebody; treating
something/somebody as not being important
Example: The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children
or not.
1. It is worth noting that…. : đáng chú ý là
2. It was not by accident that… : không phải tình cờ mà…
3. What is more dangerous, .... : nguy hiểm hơn là
4. But frankly speaking; Actually….. : thành thật mà nói
5. Be affected to a greater or less degree…. : ít nhiều bị ảnh hưởng
6. According to estimation,… : theo ước tính,…
7. According to statistics, …. : theo thống kê,..
8. According to survey data,…: theo số liệu điều tra,…
9. Viewed from different sides, …: nhìn từ nhiều khía cạnh khác nhau
10. As far as I know,…: theo như tôi được biết,..
11. Not long ago,..: cách đâu không lâu
12. More recently,…: gần đây hơn,….
13. What is mentioning is that…: điều đáng nói là ….
14. It can’t be denied that,…: không thể chối cải là…
15. To be hard times,… : trong lúc khó khăn
16. Make best use of : tận dụng tối đa
18. In a little more detail : chi tiết hơn một chút
19. From the other end of the line : từ bên kia đầu dây (điện thoại)
20. On second thoughts,…: sau một thoáng suy nghĩ,…
21. I have a feeling that….: tôi có cảm giác rằng…
22. In my opinion,…: theo quan điểm của tôi,…
23. To my mind,…: theo quan điểm của tôi,…
24. By means of,…: bằng cách…
25. With a view to doing something,…: với mục đích để…
26. On account of,…: bởi vì….
27. On the grounds that…: bởi vì…
28. Contrary to..: trái người với…
29. In other words,…: nói theo một các khác,..
30. In general,..: nhìn chung,…
31. In particular,..: nói riêng,..
32. Especially,..: đặc biệt
33. As long as…,…: miễn là…,…
34. Definitely,…: rõ ràng là….
35. To illustrate: để minh họa cho
36. Thus: như vậy
37. Hence: vì thế
38. Accordingly: do đó
39. Nevertheless: tuy nhiên
40. Nonetheless: dù sao
41. In contrast with: trái lại
42. Conversely: ngược lại
43. In the event of: trong trường hợp
44. By virtue of: bởi vì
45. In lieu of: thay cho
46. Instead of: thay vì
47. Whatever happens: cho dù điều gì xảy ra
48. No matter what: cho dù
49. In addition to: thêm nữa
50. In the name of: đại diện cho
IN
In love : đang yêu
In fact : thực vậy
In need : đang cần
In trouble : đang gặp rắc rối
In general : nhìn chung
In the end : cuối cùng
In danger : đang gặp nguy hiểm
In debt : đang mắc nợ
In time : kịp lúc
In other words : nói cách khác
In short : nói tóm lại
In brief : nói tóm lại
In particular : nói riêng
In turn : lần lượt
AT
At times : thỉnh thoảng
At hand : có thể với tới
At heart : tận đáy lòng
At once : ngay lập tức
At length : chi tiết
At a profit : có lợi
At a moment’s notice : trong thời gian ngắn
At present : bây giờ
At all cost : bằng mọi giá
At war : thời chiến
At a pinch : vào lúc bức thiết
At ease : nhàn hạ
At rest : thoải mái
At least : ít nhất
At most : nhiều nhất
ON
On second thoughts : nghĩ lại
On the contrary : trái lại
On the average : trung bình
On one’s own : một mình
On foot : đi bộ
On purpose : có mục đích
On time : đúng giờ
On the whole : nhìn chung
On fire : đang cháy
On and off : thỉnh thoảng
On the spot : ngay tại chỗ
On sale : bán giảm giá
On duty : trực nhật
BY
By sight : biết mặt
By change : tình cờ
By mistake : nhầm lẫn
By heart : thuộc lòng
By oneself : một mình
By all means : chắc chắn
By degrees : từ từ
By land : bằng đường bộ
By no means : không chắc rằng không
OUT OF
Out of work : thất nghiệp
Out of date : lỗi thời
Out of reach : ngoài tầm với
Out of money : hết tiền
Out of danger : hết nguy hiểm
Out of use : hết sài
Out of the question : không bàn cãi
Out of order : hư
Under control : đang được kiểm soát
Under rest : đang bị bắt
Within reach : trong tầm với
From time to time : thỉnh thoảng
observing a match:quan sát một trận đấu
offering someone a meal:cung cấp cho ai đó một bữa ăn
opening a drawer: mở một ngăn kéo
operating heavy machinery:vận hành máy móc nặng
ordering some food from a menu: đặt hàng một số thực phẩm từ thực đơn
organizing some paper: Sắp xếp một số giấy tờ
packing away some poles: đóng gói một số cột
packing for a trip: đóng gói cho một chuyến đi
painting a picture: vẽ một bức tranh
parking one’s bike in a rack: đỗ xe đạp của ai vào giá để xe
passing a box to another: Chuyển một chiếc hộp cho ai đó
paying for the item: trả tiền cho các sản phẩm
pedaling down the street: đạp xe xuống đường phố
photographing the scenery: chụp ảnh phong cảnh
picking up pastries from the trays: chọn bánh ngọt từ các khay
picking vegetables in a field: chọn rau trong một khu vực
pilling some books on the shelves: chồng một số cuốn sách lên kệ
piloting a boat out to sea: dẫn tàu ra biển
placing a coin in the slot: đặt một đồng xu vào khe
planting a garden in front of the store: trồng một khu vườn ở phía trước cửa hàng
playing a musical instrument: chơi một nhạc cụ
plugging in a machine: cắm điện vào máy tính
pulling a cart: kéo một giỏ hàng
purchasing loaves of the bread: mua ổ bánh mì
pushing a cart through the line: đẩy một chiếc xe qua các hàng
putting a key into a lock: đặt một chìa khóa vào ổ khóa
putting down one’s pen:đặt bút của ai xuống
putting on sweaters: mặc áo len
putting up a poster: dán 1 tấm áp phích
racing down the street: phóng xe xuống đường
raising sales: nâng cao doanh số bán hàng
raking the leaves: cào lá
reaching across the table: đi qua cái bàn
reaching for an item: với tay lấy 1 đồ vật( hàng hoá)
reading a sign: đọc 1 dấu hiệu
rearranging the furniture: sắp xếp đồ đạc
reattaching the wheel to the cart: gắn bánh xe cho xe kéo
relaxing outdoors: thư giãn ngoài trời
removing one’s coat: cởi áo khoác
repairing fishing equipment: sửa chữa dụng cụ câu cá
resting on the grass: nghỉ ngơi trên bãi cỏ
restocking the shelves: thêm đồ vào giá sách
riding bicycles: đạp xe
rinsing off the counter: rửa cái kệ
rolling up one’s sleeve: cuộn tay áo,
rowing a boat: chèo thuyền
running ahead of the man: chạy trước mặt người đàn ông
running out to board the bus: chạy ra để lên xe bus
Topic 1: Grammar for words: Ngữ pháp cho từ
A: Types of Words : Các loại từ
1. Nouns: Danh từ Xem chi tiết
- Common nouns: Danh từ chung
- Proper nouns: Danh từ riêng
- Abstract nouns: Danh từ trừu tượng
- Collective nouns: Danh từ tập thể
- Countable nouns: Danh từ đếm được
- Uncountable nouns: Danh từ không đếm được