Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's

musculature for aesthetic purposes.[1] An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as
a bodybuilder. In professional bodybuilding, bodybuilders appear in lineups and perform
specified poses (and later individual posing routines) for a panel of judges who rank the
competitors based on criteria such as symmetry, muscularity, and conditioning. Bodybuilders
prepare for competitions through the elimination of nonessential body fat, enhanced at the last
stage by a combination of intentional dehydration and carbohydrate loading, to achieve
maximum muscular definition and vascularity, as well as tanning to accentuate the contrast of
the skin under the spotlights. Bodybuilders may use anabolic steroids and other performance-
enhancing drugs to build muscles.

The winner of the annual IFBB Mr. Olympia contest is generally recognized as the world's top
male professional bodybuilder. The winner of the Women's Physique portion of the competition
is widely regarded as the world's top female professional bodybuilder. The title is currently held
by Juliana Malacarne, who has won every year since 2014. Since 1950, the NABBA Universe
Championships have been considered the top amateur bodybuilding contests, with notable
winners such as Reg Park, Lee Priest, Steve Reeves, and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Winners
generally go on to become professional athletes.

Contents
 1 History
o 1.1 Early history
 1.1.1 Eugen Sandow
 1.1.2 First large-scale bodybuilding competition
 1.1.3 Notable early bodybuilders
o 1.2 1950s–1960s
o 1.3 1970s–1990s
 1.3.1 New organizations
 1.3.2 Anabolic/androgenic steroid use
 1.3.3 World Bodybuilding Federation
o 1.4 2000s
 1.4.1 Olympic sport discussion
 2 Areas
o 2.1 Professional bodybuilding
o 2.2 Natural bodybuilding
o 2.3 Female bodybuilding
 3 Competition
o 3.1 Preparations
 3.1.1 Bulking and cutting
 3.1.2 Clean bulking
 3.1.3 Dirty bulking
 3.1.4 Pre-competition
 4 Muscle growth
 o 4.1 Weight training
o 4.2 Nutrition
 4.2.1 Carbohydrates
 4.2.2 Protein
 4.2.3 Meals
 4.2.4 Dietary supplements
o 4.3 Performance-enhancing substances
o 4.4 Rest
o 4.5 Overtraining
 5 Injecting oil into muscles
 6 See also
 7 References
 8 External links

History
Early history

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Eugen Sandow in 1894

Stone-lifting traditions were practiced in ancient Egypt, Greece and Tamilakam.[2] Western
weightlifting developed in Europe from 1880 to 1953, with strongmen displaying feats of
strength for the public and challenging each other. The focus was not on their physique, and they
often had large bellies and fatty limbs.[3]

Eugen Sandow

Bodybuilding developed in the late 19th century, promoted in England by German Eugen
Sandow, now considered as the "Father of Bodybuilding". He allowed audiences to enjoy
viewing his physique in "muscle display performances". Although audiences were thrilled to see
a well-developed physique, the men simply displayed their bodies as part of strength
demonstrations or wrestling matches. Sandow had a stage show built around these displays
through his manager, Florenz Ziegfeld. The Oscar-winning 1936 musical film The Great
Ziegfeld depicts the beginning of modern bodybuilding, when Sandow began to display his body
for carnivals.
Sandow was so successful at flexing and posing his physique that he later created several
businesses around his fame, and was among the first to market products branded with his name.
He was credited with inventing and selling the first exercise equipment for the masses: machined
dumbbells, spring pulleys, and tension bands. Even his image was sold by the thousands in
"cabinet cards" and other prints. Sandow was a perfect "Gracilian", a standard of ideal body
proportions close to those of ancient Greek and Roman statues. Men's physiques were then
judged by how closely they matched these proportions.

First large-scale bodybuilding competition

Sandow organized the first bodybuilding contest on September 14, 1901, called the "Great
Competition". It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Judged by Sandow, Sir Charles
Lawes, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the contest was a great success and many bodybuilding
enthusiasts were turned away due to the overwhelming amount of audience members.[4] The
trophy presented to the winner was a gold statue of Sandow sculpted by Frederick Pomeroy. The
winner was William L. Murray of Nottingham. The silver Sandow trophy was presented to
second-place winner D. Cooper. The bronze Sandow trophy — now the most famous of all —
was presented to third-place winner A.C. Smythe. In 1950, this same bronze trophy was
presented to Steve Reeves for winning the inaugural NABBA Mr. Universe contest. It would not
resurface again until 1977 when the winner of the IFBB Mr. Olympia contest, Frank Zane, was
presented with a replica of the bronze trophy. Since then, Mr. Olympia winners have been
consistently awarded a replica of the bronze Sandow.

On January 16, 1904, the first large-scale bodybuilding competition in America took place at
Madison Square Garden in New York City. The competition was promoted by Bernarr
Macfadden, the father of physical culture and publisher of original bodybuilding magazines such
as Health & Strength. The winner was Al Treloar, who was declared "The Most Perfectly
Developed Man in the World".[5] Treloar won a $1,000 cash prize, a substantial sum at that time.
Two weeks later, Thomas Edison made a film of Treloar's posing routine. Edison had also made
two films of Sandow a few years before. Those were the first three motion pictures featuring a
bodybuilder. In the early 20th century, Macfadden and Charles Atlas continued to promote
bodybuilding across the world. Alois P. Swoboda was an early pioneer in America.

Notable early bodybuilders

Model Jackie Coey with Mr. Los Angeles contestant Ed Fury in 1953

Many other important bodybuilders in the early history of bodybuilding prior to 1930 include:
Earle Liederman (writer of some of bodybuilding's earliest books), Zishe Breitbart, Georg
Hackenschmidt, Emy Nkemena, George F. Jowett, Finn Hateral (a pioneer in the art of posing),
Frank Saldo, Monte Saldo, William Bankier, Launceston Elliot, Sig Klein, Sgt. Alfred Moss, Joe
Nordquist, Lionel Strongfort ("Strongfortism"),[6] Gustav Frištenský, Ralph Parcaut (a champion
wrestler who also authored an early book on "physical culture"), and Alan P. Mead (who became
an impressive muscle champion despite the fact that he lost a leg in World War I). Actor Francis
X. Bushman, who was a disciple of Sandow, started his career as a bodybuilder and sculptor's
model before beginning his famous silent movie career.