La columna cervical················································································································· 2

Conformación ósea

 Atlas ··························································································································· 4
 Axis ····························································································································· 5
 Vértebra tipo ············································································································· 7

Ligamentos

 Sub-occipitales ··········································································································· 9
 Raquis cervical inferior ···························································································· 13

Miología

 Sub-occipital ············································································································ 14
 Raquis cervical superior ··························································································· 17

Fisiología articular

 Cervico-occipital ······································································································ 19
 Occipito-cervical ······································································································ 23

Topografía cervical················································································································ 78

Amplitudes articulares ·········································································································· 47

Líneas matemáticas del cuerpo humano ·············································································· 58

Patología general ·················································································································· 58

Síndromes dolorosos ············································································································ 59

 Síndrome de Barre-Lieu ··························································································· 62

 Neuralgia de Arnold ································································································· 62
 Síndrome vertebro-basilar o de la arteria vertebral················································ 62
 Síndrome del latigazo ······························································································ 64
 Tortícolis ·················································································································· 65
 Parestesias faríngeas ······························································································· 65
 Espasmos esofágicos ······························································································· 66
 Síndrome de los escalenos ······················································································ 68

Occipital-atlas ······················································································································· 23

 Flexo-extensión········································································································ 25
 Latero-flexión··········································································································· 26
 Rotación ··················································································································· 28
 Leyes de Fryette······································································································· 29
 Lesiones osteopáticas ······························································································ 51
o Mecanismos productores de la lesión occipital (anterior) unilateral EL≠R 73
 o Mecanismos productores de la lesión occipital posterior unilateral FR≠L · 76
o Occipucio impactado ················································································ 116
 Diagnóstico
o Visualización ······························································································· 80
o Test de movimientos activos, pasivos y contra-resistidos ························· 86
o Palpación musculatura sub-occipital·························································· 92
o Palpación de las apófisis transversas y de los arcos posteriores de las
vértebras cervicales y test de movilidad en rotación y latero-flexión ······· 95
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en flexo-
extensión mediante el movimiento involuntario ······································ 98
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en flexo-
extensión mediante el movimiento voluntario·········································· 98
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en extensión
EL≠R ·········································································································· 102
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en extensión
FR≠L ·········································································································· 105
o Diagnóstico diferencial entre una lesión occipital unilateral anterior y una
lesión occipital unilateral posterior ·························································· 108
o Test para averiguar las relaciones bilaterales y unilaterales entre las
apófisis transversas del atlas, las apófisis mastoides y el ángulo de la
mandíbula ································································································· 108
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en flexo-
extensión, dentro del cuadro del movimiento involuntario ···················· 109
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas del tipo EL≠R 109
o Test para averiguar las relaciones unilaterales y bilaterales existentes entre
la apófisis transversa del atlas la apófisis mastoides y el ángulo
mandibular································································································ 110
o Test de movilidad de las articulaciones occipito-atloideas en FR≠L ········ 110
 Correcciones
o Occipital unilateral anterior (EL≠R) ··························································· 141
(En supino, variante en supino y en sedestación)

* Técnica funcional ·················································································· 174

o Occipital unilateral posterior (FR≠L) ························································· 146

* Técnica funcional ··················································································· 175

o (En supino, variante en supino y en sedestación)

o Occipital anterior bilateral ········································································ 150

* Técnica funcional ·················································································· 176

o Occipital posterior bilateral ······································································ 154

* Técnica funcional ·················································································· 178

o Occipucio impactado················································································· 157

 o Occipital en traslación ··············································································· 160

Atlas-Axis ······························································································································ 37

 Flexo-extensión········································································································ 38
 Rotación ··················································································································· 39
 Leyes de Fryette······································································································· 41
 Diagnóstico
o Test de movilidad en rotación de la articulación atlo-axoidea en EL≠R y
FR≠L ·········································································································· 117
o Presión transversal sobre la apófisis transversa de C1····························· 122
 Corrección
o En FR≠L y EL≠R ·························································································· 161

* Técnica funcional ·················································································· 180

o Lesión en traslación ·················································································· 165

* Técnica funcional ·················································································· 185

Axis-C3 ·································································································································· 48

 Leyes de Fryette······································································································· 48
 Diagnóstico
o Test de movilidad de C2 sobre C3 en EL≠R ··············································· 123
 Corrección
o En ER=L ····································································································· 161

* Técnica funcional ·················································································· 183

Pruebas especiales

 Test de compresión de la arteria vertebral ····················································· 126

 Test de distracción ································································································· 128
 Exploración neurológica en el segmento cervical alto ·········································· 129
 Test de L’Hermitte ································································································· 131
 Test de Aspinall ······································································································ 132

Dermalgias segmentos cervicales altos ·············································································· 133

Tratamientos del Tejido blando de occipital, C1, C2 y C3

 Técnica de Jones ···································································································· 135

 Estiramiento cervical ····························································································· 137
 Elongación de la musculatura sub-occipital ·························································· 138
 Masaje e inhibición sobre la musculatura sub-occipital········································ 139
 La columna cervical (segmentos bajos)

Miología de los segmentos cervicales bajos

 Esternocleidomastoideos ·························································································· 2
 Largo del cuello ·········································································································· 4
 Transverso-espinosos ································································································ 5
 Escalenos ··················································································································· 6
 Esplenio······················································································································ 8
 Complexo mayor········································································································ 9
 Complexo menor ····································································································· 10
 Transverso del cuello ······························································································· 10
 Dorsal largo ·············································································································· 10
 Angular del omóplato ······························································································ 11
 Trapecio ··················································································································· 12
 Músculos supra e infrahioideos ··············································································· 13

Plexo braquial ······················································································································· 14

 Situación y forma ····································································································· 15

 Relaciones ················································································································ 16

Segmento cervical bajo ········································································································· 19

 De C2 a C7 ················································································································ 20
 De C2 a C4 ················································································································ 22
 La articulación C3-C4 ······························································································· 23
 De C4 a C7 ················································································································ 24

Palpación de cervicales bajas ······························································································· 26

Diagnóstico

 Test de movilidad
o De C3 sobre C4 ·································································································· 29
Variante ············································································································· 31
o De C4 a C7 ········································································································· 33
Variante ············································································································· 36
 Test de diagnóstico de la traslación (segmento cervical bajo) ····································· 38
 Test de movilidad cervical en transversas a través del movimiento involuntario ········· 39
 Test de movilidad de C7 ································································································· 41
 Diagnóstico neurológico
o Distribución sensitiva ························································································ 43
o Pruebas musculares ·························································································· 44
o Dermalgias········································································································· 53
Pruebas especiales

 Test de compresión (hernia discal) ·········································································· 57

 Test de spurling (compresión raíz nerviosa) ···························································· 58
 Test de Jackson (compresión raíz nerviosa) ··························································· 59
 Test de hiperextensión (osteofitos)········································································· 60
 Test de sotto-hall (meningitis) ················································································ 61
 Test de desfiladero braquial (compresión plexo braquial) ····································· 62
 Test de Lassege Roger Bikela (neuralgia cervico braquial) ····································· 64
 Test de Thompson (pierna corta funcional de origen cervical) ······························ 65
 Test de Lift abdominal (origen visceral) ·································································· 66
 Test de Adson (compresión arteria subclavia) ························································ 67
 Test de Guillet (primera Costilla) ············································································ 68
 Signo de Bakodig (escalenos) ·················································································· 69
 Test kinesiológico ···································································································· 70
 Test de deglución ····································································································· 71

Estiramientos

 Musculatura posterior ····························································································· 72

 Musculatura anterior ······························································································· 76
 Musculatura lateral·································································································· 78
 Musculatura rotadora······························································································ 80
 En sedestación ········································································································· 82

Premanipulaciones

 Técnica de inhibición, estiramiento y tracción ························································ 84

 Presiones contrariadas ···························································································· 86
 Tratamiento de tejido blando de los segmentos cervicales: occipital-C1-C2-C3 ···· 90

Normalizaciones

 Lesión de C3 sobre C4 ······························································································ 98

 Lesión de C4 a C7 ····································································································· 98
Sedestación ············································································································ 100
 Lesión de C7 ··········································································································· 102
Sedestación ············································································································ 103
Decúbito prono ······································································································ 105
 Lesión en traslación (segmento cervical bajo)······················································· 106
 Lesión de C4 a C6 ··································································································· 107
 Normalización funcional ························································································ 109