Cell Types and

Cell Structure
 Prokaryotic vs.
• no nucleus
• no membrane enclosed organelles
• single chromosome
• no streaming in the cytoplasm
• cell division without mitosis
• simple flagella
• smaller ribosomes
• simple cytoskeleton
• no cellulose in cell walls
• no histone proteins
Eukaryotic
• nucleus
• membrane enclosed organelle
• chromosomes in pairs
• streaming in the cytoplasm
• cell division by mitosis
• complex flagella
• larger ribosomes
• complex cytoskeleton
• cellulose in cell walls
• DNA bound to histone proteins
 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Examples: Examples:
Bacteria Plant cells
Animal cells
Fungi
Protists
Plasma membrane
1. Surrounds Cells
2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in
plants

Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up
the inside of the cell

Cytoplasm
Nucleus
1. Membranous nuclear envelope
2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)

Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness
is the attached ribosomes)
2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids

Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
1. Attached to Rough ER
2. Site of protein synthesis

Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex)
1. Assembly and editing of proteins

Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
1. Contain enzymes that break down and help
recycle large proteins in animal cells

Lysosomes
Mitochondria
1. Powerhouse - site of ATP synthesis

Mitochondria
Flagella and Cilia
1. Cell surface projections for movement

Flagella and Cilia

Microtubules and Microfilaments
1. Structural components of the cell
(cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes

Microtubules and
Microfilaments
Vacuoles
1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells contain
enzymes and pigments in plant cells

Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells,
containing the chlorophyll pigments

Chloroplasts
 Comparison:
Plant cells Animal cells

 Large, central vacuole  No large, central vacuole

 Chloroplasts  No chloroplasts
 Rigid cell wall outside  No rigid cell wall
of cell membrane