List of Practice questions on Mathematics III

Unit I: Ordinary Differential Equations

Sub Topic: Difference Equations

Q1. Form difference equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants 𝑎 and 𝑏 from the relations
(i) 𝑦𝑛 = 𝑎 cos 𝑛𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝑛𝜃 (ii) 𝑦𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛.
log(1+𝑧)
Q2. Form difference equation from the relation gives as (1+𝑧)
= 𝑦0 + 𝑦1 𝑧 + 𝑦2 𝑧 2 + … … … +
𝑦𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 .

Q3. Solve 𝑦𝑛+1 − 2 cos 𝛼 𝑦𝑛 + 𝑦𝑛−1 = 0.

Q4. Solve the difference equation 𝑦𝑚+3 + 16𝑦𝑚−1 = 0.

Q5. Solve the difference equation 𝑢𝑛+3 − 2𝑢𝑛+2 − 5𝑢𝑛+1 + 6𝑢𝑛 = 0. Given that 𝑢0 = 1,
𝑢1 = 2, 𝑢2 = 3.

Q6. A series of values of 𝑦𝑛 satisfies the relation 𝑦𝑛+2 + 𝑎𝑦𝑛+1 + 𝑏𝑦𝑛 = 0. Given that 𝑦0 = 0,
𝑛⁄ ) 𝑛𝜋
𝑦1 = 1, 𝑦2 = 𝑦3 = 2; show that 𝑦𝑛 = 2( 2 sin .
4

Q7. The integers 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, … … … 𝑛 are said to form a Fibonacci sequence. Form
the Fibonacci difference equation and solve it.

Q8 . Show that 𝑛 straight lines, no two of which are parallel and no three of which meet in a
1
point, divide a plane into 2 (𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 2) parts. Yet 𝑦𝑛 denote the number of sub regions formed
by 𝑛 straight lines.

Q9. A plant is such that each of its seeds when one year old produces 8-fold and produces 18-
fold when two years or more. A seed is planted and as soon as a new seed is produced it is
planted. Taking 𝑦𝑛 to be the number of seeds produced at the end of the nth year, show that
𝑦𝑛−1 = 8𝑦𝑛 + 18(𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + … … … + 𝑦𝑛−1 ). Hence show that 𝑦𝑛+2 − 9𝑦𝑛−1 − 10𝑦𝑛 = 0 and
solve it.

Q10. A sequence of numbers is such that the nth number of the sequence is the sum of twice the
(𝑛 − 1)th and three times the (𝑛 − 2)th numbers, where 𝑛 ≥ 2. The first number is zero and
second is unity. Find the nth number of sequence.

Q11. Solve the difference equation ∆2 𝑢𝑥 + 2∆𝑢𝑥 + 𝑢𝑥 = 2𝑥 .

1 𝑛
Q12. Solve 𝑦𝑛+2 = (2 cos 2) 𝑦𝑛+1 − 𝑦𝑛 + sin 2 .
Q13. Solve 𝑢𝑘+2 + 𝑎2 𝑢𝑘 = cos 𝑎𝑘.

Q14. Solve the difference equation 𝑢𝑛+2 − 4𝑢𝑛+1 + 4𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛2 2𝑛 .

Q15. A beam of length 𝑙, supported at 𝑛 points carries a uniform load 𝑤 per unit length. The
bending moments 𝑀1 , 𝑀2 , 𝑀3 , ………𝑀𝑛 at the supports satisfy the Clapeyron’s equation:
1
𝑀𝑟+2 + 4𝑀𝑟+1 + 𝑀𝑟 = − 2 𝑤𝑙 2 .

If the beam weighing 30 kg is supported at the ends and at two other supports dividing beam into
three equal parts of 1 meter length (as given in Fig. 1). Show that the bending moments at two
middle supports are 1 and 16 units, respectively.

Figure: 1

Q16. Solve the difference Equation:

y h3  5 y h 2  8 y h1  4 y h  h.2 h

Q17. Solve the difference Equation:

u x  2  2mu x 1  (m 2  n 2 )u x  m x

Q18. Solve y k 2  6 y k 1  8 y k  3k 2  2  5.3k

Q19. Solve E  ayk  cosnk

Apply Generating function technique to solve Q20-Q22:

Q20. y(t  1)  3 y(t )  t , y0  1

Q21. Solve yk 2  2 yk 1  yk  1 y0  1 , y1  1 .
Q22. Solve yk 2  5 yk 1  6 yk  2 y0  1 , y1  1 .

Q23. Express the second order difference equation xt 1  3xt  2xt 1  0 as a system
of two first order difference equations and hence solve it with initial values x0  0 ,
x1  1 by using matrix method.

Solve Q9-Q11 by matrix method

Q24. yk 1  2 yk  z k , z k 1  yk  2z k y1  1 , z1  0

Q25. xt 1  4xt  3xt 1  0 with x0  1 , x1  1

Q26. y k 2  y k  sin  k 
1
y0  1 , y1  1
2 

Q27. Show that the system of three difference equations can be written in the
form

Vn1  AVn n=0, 1, 2

 xn   3 5 2
Where Vn   y n  A  1  1 1
 z n  2 1 3

Show further that the system of equation can be written as

Vn1  A nV0 n=0, 1, 2

Sub Topic: Legendre and Bessel ordinary differential equations

1. Show that x  0 is not an ordinary point of y  x 2 y  x y  0.

2. Investigate the nature of the point x  0 for the differential equation
x4 y  ( x2 sin x) y  (1  cos x) y  0
3. Find the first three nonzero terms of each of two linearly independent Frobenius series
solution of 2x2 y  (sin x) y  (cos x) y  0 .
4. Investigate the nature of the point x  0 for the differential equation
x3 y  x( x  sin x) y  (1  cos x) y  0
5. Find the power series solution of x2 y  6(sin x) y  6 y  0 .
6. Find the power series solution of differential equation 2x2 y  (6x  x2 ) y  xy  0 .
7. Apply the method Frobenius series solution of Bessel’s equation of order ½,
x2 y  xy  ( x2 1/ 4) y  0, derive the it’s general solution for x  0 ,
cos x sin x
y( x)  c0  c1 .
x x
8. Find the general solution of the x2 y  xy  ( 2 x2  n2 ) y  0 .
9. Evaluate (i)  x 2 J 0 ( x)dx (ii)  J ( x)dx
3 (iii)  x J ( x)dx .
3
1

10. Show that 4J n( x)  J n2 ( x)  2J n ( x)  J n2 ( x) .

2
11. Show that lim xJ 3/2 ( x)   .
x0 


1
12. Using Rodrigue’s formula, prove that P ( x)dx  0 .
1 n

n(n  1)
13. Prove that Pn (1)  .
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
14. Prove that: 𝑃𝑛 (− 2) = 𝑃0 (− 2) 𝑃2𝑛 (2) + 𝑃1 (− 2) 𝑃2𝑛−1 (2) + − − +𝑃2𝑛 (− 2) 𝑃0 (2)
−1⁄ 𝜕2 (𝑧𝑣) 𝜕
15. Prove that (1 − 2𝑥𝑧 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 is a solution of the equation 𝑧 + 𝜕𝑥 {(1 −
𝜕𝑧 2
𝜕𝑣
𝑥 2 ) 𝜕𝑥} = 0
16. If 𝑚 > 𝑛 − 1 and n is a positive integer, prove that
1 𝑚(𝑚−1)(𝑚−2)−−−−−(𝑚−𝑛−2)
∫0 𝑥 𝑛 𝑃𝑛 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (𝑚+𝑛+1)(𝑚+𝑛−1)−−(𝑚−𝑛+3)
1 2𝑛+1 (𝑛!)2
17. If 𝑚 > 𝑛, show that ∫−1 𝑥 𝑛 𝑃𝑛 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑛+1)!
1 (−1)𝑛 1
18. Deduce from Rodrigue’s formula: ∫−1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑃𝑛 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑛 (𝑛!)
∫−1(𝑥 2 − 1)𝑛 𝑓 (𝑛) (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
19. Prove that: 𝐽0 2 + 2(𝐽1 2 + 𝐽2 2 + − − − − −) = 1
20. Prove that: 𝑥 = 2𝐽0 𝐽1 + 6𝐽1 𝐽2 + − − − + 2(2𝑛 + 1)𝐽𝑛 𝐽𝑛+1 + − −
 𝑛
(𝑥⁄2) 1 𝑛−
1
−1
21. Prove that: 𝐽𝑛 (𝑥) = 1 ∫−1(1 − 𝑡 2 ) 2 𝑒 𝑖𝑥𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (𝑛 > 2
)
√𝜋 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 (𝑛+ )
2
𝑑 𝐽 2𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝜋
22. Prove that: 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝐽−𝑛 ) = −
𝑛 𝜋𝑥𝐽𝑛 2
8 4
23. Show that: 𝐽3 (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 − 1) 𝐽1 (𝑥) − 𝑥 𝐽0 (𝑥)
2 1 3
24. Show that: 𝐽5⁄ (𝑥) = √𝜋𝑥 [𝑥 2 (3 − 𝑥 2 )𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥]
2
25. Show that 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 cos 𝜃) = 𝐽0 − 2𝐽2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜃 + 2𝐽4 cos 4𝜃 − − − −
and 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 cos 𝜃) = 2[ 𝐽1 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝐽3 cos 3𝜃 − − −−]
 UNIT-2
Problem set 1

1. Eliminate the arbitrary constants to obtain a partial differential equation

(i) (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑧 − 𝑏)2 = 16
(ii) 𝑧 = (𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦)2 + 𝑏𝑦
2. Eliminate the arbitrary function to obtain a partial differential equation
𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
3. Eliminate the arbitrary function to obtain a partial differential equation
𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦) + 𝑔(𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦), 𝑖 2 = −1.
4. Find the differential equation of all planes which are at a constant distance ‘a’ from the origin.
5. Find the differential equation of all spheres whose centres lie on the z-axis.
6. Find the differential equation of all spheres of radius 3 units having their centres in the xy-plane.
7. Form partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function from the given equation
𝑦
𝑧 = 𝑓( )
𝑥
8. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants:
1
𝑧 = 𝑎𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑎2 𝑒 2𝑦 + 𝑏
2
9. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants:
𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦√𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 + 𝑏
10. Form partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function from the given equation
𝑓(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧) = 0
11. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants:
2
𝑧 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑝 𝑡 cos⁡(𝑝𝑥)
12. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants:
1
𝑥2 𝑎𝑥 2 𝑏
𝑧−( )
𝑒 𝑦 = +
𝑦2 𝑦

Problems set-2

1. Form the partial differential equation (by eliminating arbitrary functions) from
a. z  ( x  y)  ( x 2  y 2 )
b. z  f ( x  at )+g ( x  at )

c. z  f ( x2  y2 , z  xy) .
2. Find the complete solution of the partial differential equation p2 1  q   qxy .

2 z 2 z 2 z
3. Solve the partial differential equation  5  7  y sin x .
x2 xy y 2
4. Find the complete solution of the partial differential equation p 2  q 2  az .
 2u 2  u
2

5. Find the general solution of heat equation c .

t 2 x2
6. Find the complete solution of the partial differential equation z  px  qy  tan pq .
7. A uniform rod of length L whose surface is thermally insulated is initially at temperature
T  T0 . Its one end is suddenly cooled to T  0 and subsequently maintained at this
temperature; the other end remains thermally insulated. Find temperature distribution
T ( x, t ) along the rod.

8. Find the complete solution of the partial differential equation p2 x  qz  qxy .

u  2u
9. Find the general solution of heat equation  .
t x 2
10. A uniform string of line density  is stretched to tension  c 2 and excutes a small
transverse vibration in a plane through the undisturbed line of string. The ends x  0 and
x  L of the string are fixed. The string at rest, with the point x  b drawn aside through
a small distance  , is released at time t  0 . Find an expression for the displacement
y ( x, t ) .

2 z 2 z 2 z
11. Solve the partial differential equation   6  y cos x .
x2 xy y 2
L is held fixed at its ends and is subjected to an initial
12. A stretched string of finite length
displacement u( x,0)  u0 sin( x L) . The string is released from its position with zero

initial velocity. Find the displacement of the string.

13. Find the complete solution of the partial differential equation
p 1  q   qz ,

z z
where p  ,q  .
x y
 Problems set-3

 4z  4z
1.   0 Ans:: z  f1 ( y  x)  f2 ( y  x)  f3 ( y  ix)  f4 ( y  ix)
x 4 y 4
 4z  4z  4z  4z
2.  2   0
x 4 x 3 y xy 3 y 4
Ans:: z  f1 ( y  x)  f2 ( y  x)  xf3 ( y  x)  x 2 f4 ( y  x)

2z 2z 2z 1

3.  2  2  e 3x2 y Ans:: z  f1 ( y  x)  xf2 ( y  x)  e 3x 2 y
x 2
xy y 25
2z 2z 2z ( x  y) 3
4. 3  2 2  x  y Ans:: z  f1 ( y  x)  xf2 ( y  2x) 
x 2 xy y 36
2z 2z 2z
5.  2   sin(2x  3y) Ans:: z  f1 ( y  x)  xf2 ( y  x)  sin(2x  3y)
x 2 xy y 2
2z 2z
6.   cos mx cos ny  30(2x  y)
x 2 y 2
1
Ans:: z  f1 ( y  ix)  f2 ( y  ix)  2 2
cos mx cos ny  ( 2 x  y) 3
m n

 3z  3z  3z
7.  4  4  4 sin(2x  y)
x 3 x 2 y xy 2
Ans: z  f1 ( y)  f2 ( y  2x)  xf3 ( y  2x)  x 2 cos( 2x  y)

2z 2z x 1
8.   sin x cos y Ans: z  f1 ( y)  f2 ( y  2 x)  cos( x  y)  sin(x  y)
x 2
xy 2 4
9. D 2

 DD' z  cos 2y(sin x  cos x)
1 1
Ans: z  f1 ( y)  f2 ( y  x)  cos( x  2 y)  sin(x  2 y)  cos( x  2 y)  sin(x  2 y)
2 6

 3z  3z 3 3 2 x6 y3 x9
10.   x y Ans: z  f1 ( y  x )  f2 ( y  ωx )  f3 ( y  ω x )  
x 3 y 3 120 10080
2z 2z 2z
11.   6  y cos x Ans: z  f1 ( y  2x)  f2 ( y  3x)  y cos x  sin x
x 2 xy y 2
 2z 2z 2z
12.   2  y  1e x Ans: z  f1 ( y  x)  f2 ( y  2x)  ( y  2)e x
x 2
xy y 2

13. D  D'1D  2D'2 z  0 Ans:

2z 2z 2z  3z
  2  y  1 e x
cos x  4  4 sin(2 x  y) cos mx cos ny  30( 2 x  y)x  ye 3x 2 y
x 2 xy y 2 xy 2
x 2x x x6 y3 2x9
z  e f1 ( y  x)  e f2 ( y  x)  ( y  2 )e y cos x  sin x  f3 ( y  ω x)   cos( 2 x  y)f4 ( y  x)
120 10080
D  D'1D  2D'2 z  0 cos 2 y(sin x  cos x)

Problems set-4
u u
1. Use the method of separation of variables to solve the equation 2  u ,given
x t
that u( x,0)  6e  x .Ans: u( x , t )  6e 3 x2 t
2u u u
2. Use the method of separation of variables to solve the equation 2  0.
x 2
x y
Ans: u(x, y)  Ae 1 
1 p 2 x
 Be1 
1 p 2 x
e p2 y

2y 2  y
2
3. Transform the equation 2  c to its normal form using the transformation
t x 2
u  x  ct , v  x  ct and hence solve it. Show that the solution may be put in the form
1 y
y  f( x  ct )  f( x  ct ) . Assume the initial conditions y  f(x) and  0 at t=0.
2 t
Ans: y  φ(x  ct )  ψ(x  ct )

4. Reduce the equation u xx  2u xy  u yy  0 to its normal form using the transformation

2u
v  x, z  x  y and solve it. Ans:  0 , u  xf1 (x  y)  f2 (x  y)
v 2

Wave Equation

2y 2y
1. Show how the wave equation c  2
can be solved by the method of separation
x 2 t 2
of variables. If the initial displacement and velocity of a string stretched between x=0
y
and x=l are given by y  f( x) and  g( x) . Determine the constants in the series
t
 
nπct nπct  nπx
solution. Ans: y( x , t ) 
1 L
  a
 b n sin n
L 
cos
 sin
L
where
L L
2 nπx 2 nπx
a n   f( x) sin dx and b n   g(x) sin dx . Here L=l.
L0 L nπc 0 L
2. Find the deflection y( x, t ) of the vibrating string of length π and ends fixed,
corresponding to zero initial velocity and initial deflection f(x)  k(sin x  sin 2x) , given
c 2 =1.Ans: y(x, t )  k(cos t sin x  cos 2t sin 2x)
3. A string is stretched and fastened to two points l apart. Motion is started by displacing
x
the string from the initial deflection y  A sin , from which it is released at time
l
t=0.Show that the displacement of any point at a distance x from one end at time t is
x ct
given by y  A sin cos .
l l
4. If a string of length l is initially at rest in equilibrium position and each of its points is
 y  3 x
given the velocity    b sin , find the displacement y( x , t ) .
 t  t 0 l
bl  x ct 3x 3ct 
Ans: y( x , t )  9 sin sin  sin sin .
12c  l l l l 

5. A tightly stretched flexible string has its ends fixed at x=0 and x=l. At time t=0, the string
is given a shape defined by f(x)  x(l  x) , μ is a constant and then released. Find the
displacement y( x , t ) of any point x of the string at any time t>0.
8μL2 
1 ( 2 n  1) πx ( 2 n  1) πct
Ans: y( x , t ) 
π3
 (2n  1)
n 1
3
sin
L
cos
L

Heat Equation

1. A rod of length L with insulated sides is initially at a uniform temperature u 0 .Its ends
are suddenly cooled to 0 0 C and are kept at that temperature. Find the temperature
 c 2 ( 2 n 1 )2 π 2 t
4u 0 
1 (2n  1)πx
function u(x,t) .Ans: u( x, t ) 
π

n 1 2 n  1
sin
L
e L2

2. An insulated rod of length L has its ends A and B maintained at 0 0 C and 1000 C
respectively, until steady state condition prevails. If B is suddenly reduced to 0 0 C and
maintained at 0 0 C , find the temperature at a distance x from A at time t. Find also the
temperature if the change consist of raising the temperature of A to20 0 C and reducing
the temperature of B to 80 0 C .
4 c 2 m 2 π 2 t
60x 40  1 2mπx
Ans: u( x, t )  20 
L
 
π m 1 m
sin
L
e L2
3. The initial temperature of an insulated infinite rod is given by u( x,0)  ( 1) n U between
x=nc and x=(n+1)c where n  I Show that for t>0,
4U  1 2p  1πx  d 2 ( 2 p  1 )2 π 2 t
u(x, t )  
π p 0 2p  1
sin
c
e c2

4. A bar with insulated sides is initially at temperature 0 0 C throughout. The end x=0 is
u
kept at 0 0 C and heat is suddenly applied at the end x=L, so that =A for x=L, where
x
A is a constant. Find the temperature function u(x,t).
8AL   1n 2n  1πx c 2 ( 2 n 1 )2 π 2 t
Ans: u(x, t )  Ax  2  sin e 4 L2
π n 1 2n  1 2
L

u  2 u
5. Solve the equation  with boundary conditions u(x,0)  3 sin nπx , u(0, t )  0 ,
t x 2

u(L, t)  0 where 0<x<L.Ans: u( x , t )  3 e n
2
π 2t
sin nπx
n 1

2u 2u
6. Use separation of variables to solve   0 subject to boundary conditions
x 2 y 2
nπx
u(0, y)  u(L, y)  u(x,0)  0 and u( x , a)  sin .Ans:
L
 nπy 
sinh 
u( x, y)   L  sin nπx
nπa 
sinh
L

 L 
 UNIT-3

1. Show that lim𝑧→0 (𝑧⁄ ) does not exist.

𝑧

2. Show that the function 𝑓 is continuous at the given point.

3. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑧) = Arg(𝑖𝑧) is discontinuous at 𝑧0 = 𝑖 .

4. The function 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧|2 is continuous at the origin.

(a) Show that 𝑓 is differentiable at the origin.

(b) Show that 𝑓 is not differentiable at any point 𝑧 ≠ 0.

5. Show that the function

is not differentiable at 𝑧 = 0 by letting ∆𝑧 → 0 first along the 𝑥 −axis and then along the
line 𝑦 = 𝑥.

6. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑧) = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 6𝑖𝑥 2 𝑦 2 is differentiable along the coordinate
axes.

7. If 𝑥 is real then |sin 𝑥| ≤ 1 . Is the result true if 𝑥 is replaced by 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 ?

8. Prove that the function 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 𝑧 , 𝑧 ∈ ℂ is periodic with period 2𝜋𝑖.

9. If 𝑓(𝑧) is a complex function with pure imaginary period 𝑖 , then what is the period of the
function 𝑔(𝑧) = 𝑓(𝑖𝑧 − 2)?

𝑒 𝑖𝑧 +𝑒 −𝑖𝑧
10. Let 𝑓(𝑧) = .
2

(a) Show that 𝑓 is periodic with real period 2𝜋.

(b) Suppose that 𝑧 is real i.e. 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 0𝑖 . What is the well-known real function do you get?
 2 2
11. Prove that for 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 ∈ ℂ , the equality |𝑒 𝑧 | = 𝑒 |𝑧| holds if and only if 𝑦 = 0.
2
12. Prove that the set of complex numbers 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 such that |𝑒 𝑧 | ≤ 1 is given by
−𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦.

13. Find the constants 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 such that the function

𝑓(𝑧) = −𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑖(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 )

is analytic. Also, express 𝑓(𝑧) in terms of 𝑧.

𝑦
14. In a two dimensional fluid flow, the stream function is = tan−1 𝑥 , find the velocity

potential 𝜙.

15. Prove that 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 is harmonic. Find a function 𝑣 such that

𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is analytic. Also express 𝑓(𝑧) in terms of 𝑧.

16. An electrostatic field in the 𝑥𝑦 plane is given by the potential function 𝜙 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 , find

the stream function and hence find complex potential.

17. If 𝑛 is real, show that 𝑟 𝑛 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝜃) is analytic except possibly when 𝑟 = 0 and that
its derivative is 𝑛𝑟 𝑛−1 [cos(𝑛 − 1)𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑛 − 1)𝜃].

18. Let 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢(𝑟, 𝜃) + 𝑖𝑣(𝑟, 𝜃) be an analytic function. If 𝑢(𝑟, 𝜃) = −𝑟 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃 then construct

the corresponding analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) in terms of 𝑧 .

19. If 𝜙 and 𝜓 are functions of 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfying Laplace’s equation, show that 𝑠 + 𝑖𝑡 is analytic
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜓 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜓
where 𝑠 = − 𝜕𝑥 and 𝑡 = + 𝜕𝑦 .
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

20. Find an analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) such that 𝑅𝑒[𝑓 ′ (𝑍)] = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 and 𝑓(1 + 𝑖) = 0.

𝑥 3 𝑦 5 (𝑥+𝑖𝑦)
21. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑧) defined by 𝑓(𝑧) = , 𝑧 ≠ 0; 𝑓(0) = 0, is not analytic at
𝑥 6 +𝑦 10

the origin even though it satisfies Cauchy-Riemann equation at the origin.

22. If 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) = 𝑓(𝑧) for all 𝑧, then show that 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑘𝑒 𝑧 , where 𝑘 is an arbitrary constant.
𝑢𝑥 𝑢𝑦
23. Show that if 𝑓(𝑧) is differentiable at a point 𝑧, then |𝑓′(𝑧)|2 = | 𝑣 𝑣𝑦 |.
𝑥

24. Determine constant 𝑏 such that 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑏𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑦 is harmonic.

25. Show that (i) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 + 2𝑧̅ is not analytic anywhere in the complex plane

(ii) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑖𝑦 is everywhere continuous but is not analytic.

26. State and prove Cauchy- Integral theorem for multiple connected domain.

27. If f  z  is analytic inside a simple connected domain then show that integral of f  z  is path
independent.

28. Using Cauchy integral formula Show that every bounded entire function must be constant.

29. Verify the Cauchy’s theorem by integrating ei z along the boundary of the triangle with the vertices
at the points 1  i,  1  i,  1  i.

30. Verify the Cauchy’s theorem by integrating z 3 taken over the boundary of the (i) rectangle with
vertices 1, 1, 1  i,  1  i; (ii) triangle with vertices 1, 2 , 1, 4 ,  3, 2 .

31. Evaluate the followings using Cauchy integral formula:

sin  z 2  cos  z 2
32.  dz, where c the circle is z  3 .
c (z 1)(z 2)

e2 z
33.  c dz, where c the circle is z  2 .
(z1)5

z2 1
34.  dz, , where C is the circle z  1  1 .
 
c z z 1 2

e3i z
35. c  z    dz, , where C is the circle z    3 .

z3  z  1
36. c z 2  7 z  2 dz, , where C is the ellipse 4 x2  9 y3  1 .

e z  sin  z
37.   z 1 z  3  z  1 dz, ,
c 2 where C is the circle z  2 .
 z
38.  dz, , where C is the circle z  3  4i  4 .
z  6 z  25
c 2 2

2 3i
39. Evaluate 
1i
( z 2  z )dz along the line joining the points (1,-1) and (2,3).

2 i
i
40. Show that for every path between the limits 
2
(2  z )2 dz   .
3
41. Verify the Cauchy theorem for the integral of 𝑧 3 taken over the boundary of the rectangle
with vertices -1, 1, 1+I and -1+i.

ez
42. Evaluate the value of 
C ( z  1)
2
dz where C is the circle z  1  3 .

sin z 2  cosz 2
43. Use Cauchy Integral formula to evaluate  dz , where C is the circle z  3 .
C ( z  1)( z  2)
44. Evaluate the following complex integration using Cauchy’s integral formula
3z 2  z  1
C ( z 2 1)( z  3)dz where C is the circle z  3 .
1
45. Obtain the Taylor’s series expansion of f (z ) = about z =4 and find its region of
z  4z  3
2

convergence.
1
46. Expand the following function in a Laurent’s series f (z ) = for z  1  1 .
z( z  1)( z  2)
z 2 1
47. Expand the function f ( z )  in the regions
( z  2)( z  3)
(i) 2  z  3 (ii) z 3
 UNIT-4

Singularities and Evaluation of integrals by Residue theorem

cot z
1. Discuss singularity of at z= a Ans: Double pole
z  a2
1 
2. Discuss singularity of at z  Ans: simple pole
sin z  cos z 4
3. Find the poles and residue at each pole of the function cot z . Ans: z  n , n  I ,1
1  e2z 4
4. Determine the poles of and residue at each pole. Ans: z  0 , 
z 4
3
5.
1
Find the residue of z cos  at z  0 .Ans: 
1
z 2
z2
6. Determine poles and residue at each pole of the function f z  and hence
z  12 z  2
5 5 4
evaluate  f zdz ,where C is the circle z  Ans: -1,2; , ; 2i
C
2 9 9
z 1
7. Determine poles and residue at each pole of the function f z  and hence
z  12 z  2
1 1 2i
evaluate  f zdz ,where C is the circle z  i  2 Ans: -1,2;  , ; 
C
9 9 9
z 2  2z
8. Evaluate  dz ,where C is the circle z  10 Ans:0
C
z  12 z 2  4
12z  7
9. Evaluate  z 1 2z  3 dz ,where C is the circle
C
2
z  i  3 Ans: 4i

z3
10. Find the residue of the function f z  at pole and hence evaluate
z  14 z  2z  3
5 27i
C f zdz ,where C is the circle z  2 Ans:  8
sin z
11. Find the sum of residues of the function at its pole inside the circle z  2 . Ans: 0
z cos z

Evaluation of real integrals

ad 
1. Evaluate a  sin 
0 22
, a  0 .Ans:
a2  1
2 cos 3 d 
2. Evaluate  .Ans: 
0 5  4 cos  12
2 d 2
3. Prove that   2 2 , where a  b  0
0 a  b cos 
a b
1
 d
2 2
4. Prove that a  b sin
0
 2 2 , where a  b  0
a b
2 sin  d 4i
2
5. Using complex variable technique ,evaluate  Ans: 3
0 5  4 cos 3 3 2
2 d 2
6. Evaluate  0  a  1 Ans:
0 1  2 a sin   a 2 1  a2
 d 2 d
7. Evaluate  , where a  b .Hence or otherwise evaluate  . Ans:
0 a  b cos  0 2  cos 

, 2
a2  b2
2 d 2a
8. Apply calculus of residues to prove that  a  b cos   
a  b 2 2
0 2 3
2

 dx 
9. Apply calculus of residues to prove that  x
 a  4a
0 2 3
;a  0
2 2


 dx  2
10. Apply calculus of residues to prove that  4 4  ;a  0
0 x a 4a 3
 x sin x 
11. Apply calculus of residues to evaluate  2 dx, a  0 Ans: e  a
0 x a 2
2
 cos mx  ma
12. Using contour integration, evaluate  2 dx, m  0, a  0 Ans: e
0 x a 2
2a
 cos x   e b e  a 
13. Using contour integration, evaluate  2 2 2 2 dx, a  b  0 Ans:   
0 x  a x  b  2a 2  b 2   b a 
 sin x
14. Using contour integration, evaluate  2 2 2 2 dx, a  b  0 Ans: 0
0 x  a x  b 

 sin mx 
15. Evaluate  dx, m  0 Ans:
0 x 2
 sin mx dx 
16. Apply calculus of residues to prove that   2 1  e ma ; a  0
0 xx  a 
2 2
2a

2
3