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Clocks

Introduction
The dial of a clock is a circle whose circumference is 11. In one minute, the hour hand moves
2°
divided into 12 parts, called hour spaces. Each hour space is
further divided into 5 parts, called minute spaces. This way,
12. In one minute the minute hand gains 5 ^ more than
the whole circumference is divided into 12 x 5 = 60 minute
spaces. hour hand.
The time taken by the hour hand (smaller hand) to 13. When the hands are together, they are 0° apart.
cover a distance of an hour space is equal to the time taken Hence,
by the minute hand (longer hand) to cover a distance of the Both hands Required Angle
whole circumference. Thus, we may conclude that in 60 min- to be coincident 0°
utes, the minute hand gains 55 minutes on the hour hand.
to be at right angle 90°
Note: The above statement (given in bold) is very
much useful in solving the problems in this chapter, so it to be in opposite direction 180°
should be remembered. The above statement wants to say to be in straight line 0° or 180°
that:
As per the required angle difference between minute-hand
"In an hour, the hour-hand moves a distance of 5
and hour-hand and the initial (or starting) position of the
minute spaces whereas the minute-hand moves a distance of
hour-hand, different formulae are used to find out the re-
60 minute spaces. Thus the minute-hand remains 60 - 5 = 55
quired time. Now consider the Rules (Quicker Methods)
minute spaces ahead of the hour-hand."
given in the following pages.
Some other facts:
Too Fast And Too Slow:
1. In every hour, both the hands coincide once.
If a watch indicates 9.20, when the correct time is 9.10,
2. When the two hands are at right angle, they are 15 minute
it is said to be 10 minutes too fast. And i f it indicates 9.00,
spaces apart. This happens twice in every hour.
when the correct time is 9.10, it is said to be 10 minutes too
3. When the hands are in opposite directions, they are 30
slow.
minute spaces apart. This happens once in every hour.
4. The hands are in the same straight line when they are Rule 1
coincident or opposite to each other.
Theorem: Between x and (x + l)o 'clock, the two hands will
5. The hour hand moves around the whole circumference
of clock once in 12 hours. So the minute hand is twelve f\2\
times faster than hour hand.
6. The clock is divided into 60 equal minute divisions. be together at 5x^~^-J minutes past x.
360° „
7. 1 minute division = - ° apart.
60 Illustrative Example
8. The clock has 12 hours numbered from 1 to 12 serially Ex: At what time between 4 and 5 o'clock are the hands
arranged. of the clock together?
9. Each hour number evenly and equally separated by five Soln: Detail Method: At 4 o'clock, the hour hand is at 4 and
minute divisions (= 5 * 6°) = 30° apart. the minute hand is at 12. It means that they are 20 min
10. In one minute, the minute hand moves one minute divi- spaces apart. To be together, the minute hand must
sion or 6°. gain 20 minutes over the hour hand. Now, we know
that 55 min. are gained in 60 min.
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682 PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

cases:
^ . 60 „ 240 9 .
.-. 20 min are gained in — x ^ = - j r - = * yy min.
1 Case I : When the minute hand is 15 min spaces be-
hind the hour hand.
To be in this position, the min hand should have to
Therefore, the hands will be together at 2 1 — min gain 2 0 - 15 = 5 min spaces.
past 4.
Now, we know that 55 min spaces are gained in 60 min
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we
have
.-, 5 min spaces are gained in 55 JT m m
required answer
5x12 „ 240 9 . ,*, they are at right angle at 5 — min past 4.
= "~Tl~ 11 minpast4.
Cae I I : When the minute hand is 15 min spaces ahead
Exercise of the hour hand.
1. At what time between 3 and 4 o'clock are the hands of a To be in this position, the min hand should have to
clock together? gain 20+ 15 = 35 min spaces.
Now, we know that 55 min spaces are gained in 60 min
a) 16— min past 3 b) 16 YY min past 3 60 2
,', 35 min spaces will be gained in T ^ * - " ~ \
c) 16— min past 3 d) None of these
min
2. At what time between 5 and 6 are the hands of a clock .•. they are at right angle at 38— min past 4.
coincident?
a) 22 minutes past 5 b) 30 minutes past 5 Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we can
say that,
8 „ 3
c) 22 — minutes past 5 d) 2 7 y y minutes past 5 12
they will be at right angle at ( 5 x 4 - 1 5 ) x — and
3. At what time between 9 and 10 will the hands of a watch
be together?
12 5 2
a) 45 minutes past 9 b) 50 minutes past 9 (5x4 + 15)x— min past 4 or, 5— min and 38—
1 2
c) 49— minutes past 9 d) 48— minutes past 9 min past 4.

4. At what time, are the hands of a clock together between

Exercise
2 and 3? 1. At what time between 5 and 6 o'clock will the hands of a
clock be at right angle?
9 10
a) 10— min past2 b) 10— min past 2 10 9
a) min past 4 b) ' ^ J ^ min past 4

c) 10— min past 2 d) None of these v,,10 -

c) 1 1 — mm past 4 d) None of these
Answers 2. At what times are the hands of a clock at right angles
l.c 2.d 3.c 4.b between 7 am and 8 am?

Rule 2 . .. 6 „, 9
Theorem: Between x and (x +1) o 'clock the two hands are a) 54 — min past 7, y y min past 7 2 1

12 5 8
b) 52— min past 7, ' y y min past 72
at right angle at (5x±15)x — minutes past x.

Illustrative Example c) " Y Y

5 m i n past 7, 2 1 — min past 7
Ex: At what time between 4 and 5 o'clock will the hand of
clock be at right angle? d) None of these
Soln: Detail Method: At 4 o'clock, there are 20 min. spaces 3. At what time between 5.30 and 6 will the hands of a clock
between hour and minute hands.To be at right angle, be at right angles?
they should be 15 min spaces apart. So, there are two
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Clocks 683

. 5
a) 43 — minutes past 5 b) 43— minutes past 5 .-. the hand will in opposite directions at 5— min

c) 40 minutes past 5 d) 45 minutes past 5 past 7.

At what time between 10 and 11 O' c lock wi 11 the hand of Case I I : When they coincide (or come together), ie, 0 min
clock be at right angle? spaces apart. (See rule 1).
Quicker Method:
a) 38— min past 10 b) 6 YY min past 10 Case I : Between x and (x + 1) O'clock the two hands are in
opposite directions at

c) 38— min past 10 d) 8 — min past 10 12 12

(5X-30)YJ- min past x = (35-30)x — min past 7

Answers
l.a 2. a = 5— min past 7.
3.b; Hint: In this case direct formula is not applicable be-
Case I I : Same as Ex 1.
cause, given data is not in the form of x and x + 1.
Ex.2: At what time between 4 and 5 will the hands of a
At 5 O'clock, the hands are 25 min spaces apart. To
watch point in opposite direction?
be at right angles and that too between 5.30 and 6, the
Soln: Applying the above rule, we have,
min hand has to gain (25 + 15) or 40 min spaces.
Now applying the formula, we have required answer
the required answer = (5x4 + 30)— min past 4
12
x40
11 43 YY min past 5.
= 54— min past 4.
4. a

Rule 3 Exercise
Theorem: Between x and (x+ l)o 'clock, the two hands are 1. Find at what time between 8 and 9 O'clock will the hands
in the same straight line of a clock be in the same straight line but not together.
Case I (a) when they are in opposite directions ie, 30 min- , 10
A

utes spaces apart, at a) 10— min past 8 b) 10 YY m>n past 8

(5x - 3 0J— minutes past x. [where x > 6]

d) None of these
(b) when x < 6, the above formula will become as
Find at what time between 2 and 3 O'clock will the hands
12 of a clock be in the same straight line but not together.
(5X + 30)JY minutes pastx. [See Ex. 2]
a) 43— min past 2 b) 43— min past 2
Note: At 6 O'clock two hands will be in opposite direction.
Case I I : When they coincide (or come together), ie 0 minute
'12^ c) 43— min past 2 d) None of these
spaces apart at 5x minutes pastx (see Rule 1)
Find at what time between 9 and 10 O'clock will the hands
of a clock be in the same straight line but not together.
Illustrative Examples
Ex. 1: Find at what time between 7 and 8 o'clock will the b) 16-j- min past 9
a) 16 YY min past 9
hands of a clock be in the same straight line.
Soln: Detail Method: There are two cases: 3 .
c) 16 — min past 9 d) None of these
Case I : When they are in opposite directions, ie, 30 min
spaces apart. Answers
At 7 o'clock they are 25 min spaces apart. , o , \12 n 120
Therefore, to be in opposite directions the minute 1. a; Hint: Required answer = (5x8--^O/yy = "JT m m

hand will have to gain 30 - 25 = 5 min spaces.

,-10 .
= 10— min past 8
I . 60 .
. 5
Now, 5 min spaces will be gained in — x 5 - 5- min 2. b 3. a
55 11
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684 PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

Rule 4 3. At what time between 3 and 4 is the minute-hand 7 min-

utes ahead of the hour-hand?
Theorem: Between x and (x+1)0 'clock the two hands will a) 24 min past 5 b) 24 min past 7
c) 24 min past 3 d) 24 min past 8
he't' minutes apart at [px + tj— minutes past x. 4. At what time between 3 and 4 is the minute-hand 4 min-
utes behind the hour-hand?
Illustrative Example a) 12 minutes past 3 b) 14 minutes past 3
c) 16 minutes past 3 d) None of these
Ex: At what time between 4 and 5 are the hands 2 minute
spaces apart? Answers
Soln: Detail Method: At 4 o'clock, the two hands are 20 min l.a 2. a
spaces apart.
Case I: When the minute hand is 2 minute spaces behind the 3. b; Hint: Required answer = (l5 + 7 ) — =24 min past 7.
hour hand. In this case, the minute hand will have to
gain (20 -2), ie, 18 minute spaces. Now, we know that
18 min spaces will be gained in 4. a; Hint: Required answer = ( 5 x 3 - 4 ) — = 12 min past 3.

— xl8 = = 19— n.m l

55 11 II Rule 5
7 Theorem: The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour
.-. they will be 2 min apart at ^ — min past 4. hand at certain intervals (given in minutes) of correct time.
Case II: When the minute hand is 2 min spaces ahead of the The clock lose or gain in a day is given by
hour hand. In this case, the min-hand will have to 720
gain (20 + 2), ie, 22 minute spaces. given interval in minute
11
Now, we know that 22 minute spaces will be gained in
60x24
— x22 = 24 min
55 given interval in minutes
.-. the hands will be 2 min apart at 24 min past 4. according as the sign is +ve or -ve.
Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we have
Illustrative Example
the required answer
Ex: The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour hand
U , 12 18x12 22x12 at intervals of 63 minutes of correct time. How much a
= (5x4±2)— = or day does the clock lose or gain?
11 11 11
Soln: Detail Method:
7
In a correct clock, the minute hand gains 55 min spaces
= 1 9 o r 24 min
over the hour-hand in 60 minutes. To be together
7 again, the minute-hand must gain 60 min over the
Therefore, they will be 2 min spaces apart at 19yy hour hand.

min past 4 and 24 min past 4. We know that 60 min are gained in
Exercise
1. At what time between 5 and 6 are the hands of a clock 3 — x60 = 6 5 — n m

55 11
minutes apart?
But they are together after 63 minutes.
a) 24 min past 6 b) 26 min past 5
c) 30— min past 5 d) Can't be determined 27
.-. gain in 63 minutes = 65 63 min.
11 11
2. At what time between 4 and 5 are the hands of a clock 4 6

minutes apart? 27x60x24 „ 8

.-. gain in 24 hrs = —llx63— = 5 6 ^ y min.
a) 6 y y min past 4
2 b) 2 ( > ~ min past 4 Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we have
the required answer
c) W>-— min past 4 d) None of these 720 60x24 27 60 x 24.
-63 min Y p x - ^ T - min.
63
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Clocks 685

= 30x0-12.5=12.5°
Since sign is +ve, there is a gain of 5 6 — min. Ex. 2: At what angle the hands of a clock are inclined at 15
I 77 minutes past 5?
Exercise Soln: Quicker Method:
The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour hand at
intervals of 65 minutes. How much a day does the clock Angle = 30 Diff of 5 and— +
gain or lose? 5J

5
a) 1 0 — mm b) 10 min = 30x2 + — = 67.5°
2
Ex.3: At what angle are the hands of a clock inclined at 55
ii 1 0 minutes past 8?
c) 1 1 — m i n d) None of these
Soln: By the above formula:
How much does a watch gain or lose per day, if its hands
coincide every 64 minutes? A n g l e = 30lDiffof8and^l + 5 | 117.5°

a) 32— min b) 31 —~ min But it is not correct. If we think carefully wc find that
the angle should be less than 90°. In this case, the
formula differs and is given below as
c) 32— min d) None of these
55
Angle = 30^Diff of 8 a n d y
nswers i
2. a = 30(3)-27.5 = 62.5°
Note: The two types of formulae work in two different cases.
Rule 6
(1) When hour hand is ahead of the minute hand (like,
find the angle between hands of clock, when the minute hand is at 4, the hour hand should
gle between two hands = be after 4, ie, between 4-5,5-6,6-7....) we use the for-
Minutes Minutes mula:
30x Difference of hours and
5 2 Minutest minutes
30 Diff of hrs and
If the angle is greater
formula, (2)
Angle use the formula:
Minutes Minutes Minutes ] minutes
= 30 Difference of hours and 30^Diff of hrs and
5 2 5 J 2 ~
[See Ex. 3]
Exercise
Illustrative Examples 1. Find the time between 3 and 4 O'clock when the angle
E\ 1: At what angle are the hands of a clock inclined at 25 between the hands of a watch is one-third of a right
minutes past 5? angle.
In: Detail Method:
At 25 minutes past 5, the minute hand is at 5 and hour b) 10— min past 3
a) 'Oyy m m P a s t 3
hand sightly ahead of 5.
The hour-hand moves by an angle of 30° in 60 min.
.-. in 25 minutes, the hour hand moves by an angle of c) min past 3 d) None of these
1
30 ,„1
M
Find the angle between the two hands of a clock of 15
— x 25 = 1 2 - °
60 2 minutes past 4 O'clock.
.-. the angle between two hands = 12.5° a) 38.5° b)36.5° c)37.5° d) None of these
Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we have Find the angle between the two hands of a clock at 4.30
pm.
the required answer = : id—I + 2 5
a) 45° b)30° c)60° d) None of these
At what angle are the two hands of a clock inclined at 20
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686 PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

minutes past 5? 6. A clock is set right at 4 a.m. The clock loses 20 min in 24
a) 30° b)45 c c)50° d)40° hours. What will be the true time when the clock indi-
cates 3 a.m. on 4th day?
Answers
a) 4 am b)5am c)3am d)4pm
M 7. A watch, which gains uniformly is 2 min slow at noon or
1. a; Hint: 3- + ^ = 30
3 0
2 Monday, and is 4 min 48 seconds fast at 2 pm on the
following Monday. When was it correct?
M a) 2 pm on Tuesday b) 2 pm on Wednesday
or,(15-M)6- 30 or, 180-12M + M = 60 c) 3 pm on Thursday d) 1 pm on Friday
2
8. A watch which gains 5 seconds in 3 minutes was set
120
10 right at 7 am. In the afternoon of the same day, when the
• M= = 10—minpast3.
11 l 1 F watch indicated quarter past 4 O'clock, the true time is
2. c; Hint: At 15 minutes past 4, the minute-hand is behind
the hour-hand. Hence, using the given formula (i), we a) 59— minutes past 3 b)4pm
have the required answer 12

7 3
15 c) 58— minutes past 3 d) 2 — minutes past 4
= 30 x4- + — = 30 + 7.5: 57.5°
2
9. How many times do the hands of a clock coincide in a
a; Hint: At 4.30 pm the minute-hand is ahead of the hour- day?
hand. Therefore, we apply the given formula (ii)
a) 24 b)20 c)21 d)22
.-. required answer
10. How many times do the hands of a clock point towards
30 each other in a day?
30 H_ 4 = 3 0 x 2 - 1 5 = 45° a) 24 b)20 c)12 d)22
5
11 At what time between 4 and 5 will the hands of a watc"
Note: Sometimes, time is given in the form of 24 hours in- be equidistant from the figure 5.
stead of 12 hours in order to avoid the confusion of am
and pm. For example, 14.20 or 1420 hours. In all such „ 8
a) 27 yy min past 4 b) 27— i n past 4 m
cases when the hour part exceeds 12, we subtract 1200
from it and then solve it. So, 14.20 reduces to 2.20 or 20
minutes past 2. d) None of these
c) 27 — min past 4
4.d
12. I f the hands of a clock coincide every 65 minutes (tr_:
Miscellaneous
time) how much does the clock gain or lose in 24 houn'
1. How many times do the hands of a clock point opposite
to each other in 12 hours? ,i 1 0 ,« 1°
b) 1 0 — min
a) 6 times b) 10 times c) 11 times d) 12 times .a)ll—min
2. How many times are the hands of a clock at right angles
in a day? c) 1 0 — min d) None of these
a) 24 times b) 48 times c) 22 times d) 44 times
3. How many times in a day are the hands of a clock straight? Answers
a) 48 times b) 24 times c) 44 times d) None of these 1. c; Hint: The hands of a clock point opposite to each otbe-
4. A watch which gains uniformly, is 5 min slow at 8 O'clock 11 times in every 12 hours (because between 5 and 7. a
in the morning on Sunday, and is 5 min 48 sec fast at 8 6 O'clock only they point opposite to each other).
pm on following Sunday. When was it correct? 2. d; Hint: In 12 hours, they are at right angles 22 times
a) 20 min past 7 pm on Tuesday cause two positions of 3 O'clock and 9 O'clock are c
b) 20 min past 7 pm on Wednesday mon). Therefore, in a day they are at right angles for
c) 10 min past 7 pm on Tuesday times.
d) 10 min past 7 pm on Wednesday 3. c; Hint: The hands coincide or are in opposite direction
5. A clock is set right at 8 am. The clock gains 10 minutes in + 22) ie 44 times in a day.
24 hours. What will be the true time when the clock indi- 4. b; Hint: Time between the given interval = 180 hrs
cates 1 pm on the following day?
a) 28 hrs b) 28 hrs 48 min
The watch gains = 5 _ "5" m ' n ' ' ^0 hrs
n

c) 28 hrs 42 min d) None of these

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locks 687

9. d; Hint: The hands of a clock coincide 11 times in every 12

180x5 .
.-. 5 min is gained in ——— -> =83 hrs 20 min
x hours (because between 11 and 1, they coincide only
° 54
once, at 12 O'clock). So, the hands coincide 22 times in a
= 3 days 11 hrs 20 min day.
.-. it was correct at 20 min past 7 pm on Wednesday, 10. d; Hint: The hands of a clock point towards each other 11
b; Hint: Time from 8 am on a day to 1 pm on the following times in every 12 hours (because between 5 and 7, at 6
day is 29 hrs. O'clock only they point towards each other).
Now, 24 hrs 10 min of this clock are the same as 24 hours So, in a day the hands point towards each other 22 times.
of the correct clock. 11. c; Hint: The hands will be equidistant from the figure 5,
145 (i) when they are coincident between 4 and 5 and
ie, —— hrs of this clock = 24 hrs of correct clock. (ii) when they are in the position shown in the diagram.
6

(24x6 )
29 hrs of this clock = I x 2 " j hrs of correct clock.

= 28 hrs 48 min of correct clock.

So, the correct time is 28 hrs 48 min after 8 am or 48 min
past 12.
a; Hint: Time from 4 a.m. to 3 a.m. on 3rd day = 24 x 3 - 1 =
71 hrs. For the 1st case see Rule 1
Now, 23 hrs 40 min of this clock = 24 hrs of correct clock. In the second case suppose that the hour-hand is at A,
and the minute-hand at B, so that A5 = 5B. Since the
,,2 71
space between 4 and 5 is equal to the space between 5
and 6,
or, 23— = —- hrs of this clock = 24 hrs of correct clock.
.-. 4A = 6B
71 Hence, 12B+4A= 12B + 6B = 30min
24x3x71 That is, the two hands, between them have moved
clock.
• 71 hrs of this clock = — 72 hrs of correct through a space of 30 minutes since 4 O'clock. But the
Therefore, the correct time = 3 a.m. + ( 7 2 - 7 1 ) = 4 a.m.
b; Hint: Time from Monday noon to 2 pm on following minute hand moves 12 times as fast as the hour hand.
Monday 12
= 7 days 2 hours = 170 hours Hence 12B= 30 x 27 — i n .
m

13
( ; 4^ 34
The watch gains | 2 + 4 ~ | or, — min in 170 hours .-. the required time is 27 — min past 4.
5.

170x5 12. b; Hint: The minute-hand gains 60 minutes over the hour-
it will gain 2 min in x2 hrs
34 60x60 5
hand in ——— or " y y minutes. Therefore, the hands
= 50 hrs = 2 days 2 hrs.
So, the watch is correct 2 days 2 hours after Monday
noon ie, at 2 pm on Wednesday, of a correct clock coincide every 65 — minutes.
b; Hint: Time from 7 am to quarter past 4
But the hands of the clock mentioned in the question
= 9 hours 15 min = 555 min.
coincide every 65 minutes. Hence in 65 minutes, the clock
37
Now, — min of this watch = 3 min of the correct watch.
12 gains — min.
3x12 .-. in 60 24 min or 24 hours it gains
x

555 min of this watch = x555

37 min
A J _ x 6 0 x 2 4 = 1 0 — min
x

11 65 143
3x12 555
-x hrs = 9 hrs of the correct watch.
V 37 60 J
Correct time is 9 hours after 7 am ie, 4 pm