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Chapter 1 Chemical Equilibrium

1. Write the expressions for Kc, for the following reaction
a. N2(g) + O2(g) ⇄ 2NO2(g)
b. 2C2H4(g) 2H2O(g) ⇄ 2C2H6(g) + O2(g)
c. Ti(s) + 2Cl2(g) ⇄ TiCl4(l)
2. A closed system initially containing 1.000 x 10-3 M H2 and 2.000 x 10-3 M I2 at 448°C is allowed to reach equilibrium.
Analysis of the equilibrium mixture shows that the concentration of HI is 1.87 x 10 -3 M. Calculate Kc at 448°C for
the reaction:
H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2HI(g)

Chapter 2 Acids and Bases

1. The following chemical reactions are important for industrial processes. Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs.
(a) HSO4-(aq) + CN-(aq) ↔ SO42-(aq) + HCN(aq)
(b) ClO-(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ HClO(aq) + OH-(aq)
2-
(c) S (aq) + H2O(aq) ↔ HS-(aq) + OH-(aq)
2. Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 1.00 M HF (Ka = 7.2 x 10-4). Also calculate the concentrations of the
Fluoride
3. Calculate the pH of a 2.0 x 10-3 M solution of NaOH.

Chapter 3 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria

1. What is the pH of a buffer that is 0.12 M in lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)COOH, and 0.10 M in sodium lactate? Ka for
lactic acid is 1.4 ´ 10-4.
2. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.100 MCH3COOH with 0.100 M NaOH.
3. Write the expression for the solubility-product constant, K sp for CaF2
4. The Ksp for CaF2 is 3.9 ×10-11 at 25 ºC. Assuming that CaF2 dissociates completely upon dissolving and that there
are no other important equilibria affecting its solubility, calculate the solubility of CaF 2 in grams per liter.
5. Which of the following substances will be more soluble in acidic solution than in basic solution:
(a) Ni(OH)2(s), (b) CaCO3(s), (c) BaF2(s), (d) AgCl(s)?
6. Will a precipitate form when 0.050 L of 2.0 ×10 -2 M NaF is mixed with 0.010 L of 1.0 × 10-2 M Ca(NO3)2? Ksp CaF2=
3.9 ×10-11
Chapter 4 Redox and Electrochemistry
1. Tentukan bilangan oksidasi dari Mn pada:
a. MnO2 ; b. MnO4-
2. Diantara reaksi-reaksi berikut, manakah yang termasuk reaksi reduksi-oksidasi (redoks), jelaskan
a. Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + H2(g)
b. NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
c. H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
3. The nickel-cadmium (nicad) battery, a rechargeable “dry cell” used in battery-operated devices, uses the
following redox reaction to generate electricity:
Cd(s) + NiO2(s) + 2 H2O(l) à Cd(OH)2(s) + Ni(OH)2(s)
Identify the substances that are oxidized and reduced, and indicate which is the oxidizing agent and which is the
reducing agent.
4. Complete and balance the following equation by the method of half-reactions that occur in acidic solution::
a) Cr2O72-(aq) + Cl-(aq) à Cr3+(aq) + Cl2(g
b) Cu(s) + NO3-(aq) à Cu2+(aq) + NO2(g)
c) Mn2+(aq) + NaBiO3(s) à Bi3+(aq) + MnO4-(aq)

5. Complete and balance the following equations for oxidation-reduction reactions that occur in basic solution:
 a) NO2-(aq) + Al(s) à NH3(aq) + Al(OH)4-(aq)
b) Cr(OH)3(s)+ ClO-(aq)à CrO42-(aq) + Cl2(g)
6. Given the following reduction potentials:
Ag+(aq) + e- ® Ag(s); E° = 0.80 V
Zn2+(aq) + 2e- ® Zn(s); E° = -0.76 V
Calculate the cell potential for the following reaction and predict whether the reaction will take place:
Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) ® Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
7. The half-reaction for formation of magnesium metal upon electrolysis of molten MgCl 2 is
Mg2+ + 2e- à Mg
a) Calculate the mass of magnesium formed upon passage of a current of 60.0 A for a period of
4.00 x 103 s.
b) How many seconds would be required to produce 50.0 g of Mg from MgCl 2 if the current is 100.0 A?