INTRODUCTION

Drug abuse is not a recent phenomenon. Since time immemorial, man has used alcohol, opium
and cannabis to stimulate a feeling of ecstasy or to escape from a feeling of misery, gloom and
anxiety into a world of fantasy.
In the past, the problem of drug abuse had received no serious attention, as it was restricted to
only a few sections of society. Also, the substances used have not been as dangerous as they
have seen recently. The introduction of far more perilous drugs such as heroin, LSD,
amphetamines and methaqualone on the scene and the growing instance of drug abuse among
kids and youth in schools have brought global attention to the problem. In addition to the
physical and mental damage done to millions of users by drugs, illegal drug trafficking
worldwide has also led to the growth of other anti-social activities, such as organized crime,
corruption, intimidation of public officials, illegal banking operations and the criminal violation
of export and import law.
The illicit drug business is the one of the largest international trade in the world.
Presently, it is the third largest illegal business in the world. Intravenous drug abuse is proving
to be one of the major causes for spread of AIDS due to the shared use of unsterilized needles
by the addicts. Drug abuse has bought in its trail violence at home, neglect of children, divorces
and general disruption of smooth family life. Many addicts have been driven to the point of
selling their household belongings to support their addiction, and their children must live
without food and basic amenities of life.
Drugs have brought crimes like theft, prostitution and illicit trafficking right into the
educational institutions has made the situation worse. The abuse in industry has resulted in
lower productivity, absenteeism, sickness and accidents at workplace. Similarly, it has
endangered safety on the public roads. Drug abuse and trafficking have accelerated the general
crime rate as illegal drugs and crimes thrive on each other.
Terrorist activities and illicit arms trade have depended on drug trafficking in many parts of
the world and pose a serious threat to the security and stability of many countries. The threat
of abuse of drugs in border of states such as Manipur, Sikkim and Nagaland is alarming. The
two-way illegal flow of these drugs and chemicals not only violates India’s borders but also
poses a significant threat to national security. The relationship between drug traffickers,
organized criminal networks and terrorists has created a combined force sufficiently powerful
to bring instability to the country. The money generated by drug trafficking was used to finance
different insurgent and terrorist movements. For example, the money generated from the
illegal sale of drugs was estimated to account for 15 percent of the finances of militant groups
in Jammu and Kashmir. Similarly, Sikh militant groups in Punjab and North-East insurgent
groups such as the Nagalan National Socialist Council [Isak Muivah] are known to channel drugs
into India to fund their operations.
For example, the money generated by the illegal sale of drugs was estimated to account for 15
percent of the finances of Jammu and Kashmir militant groups. Similarly, Sikh militant groups in
Punjab and North East, such as the Nagalan National Socialist Council [Isak Muivah], are known
to channel drugs into India to fund their operations. The Act was subsequently amended in

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1989 to provide for the confiscation of property and in 2002 to rationalize the structure of the
sentence and again in 2004 to improve the penalty and to broaden the scope of the NDPS Act.
Even under India's Constitution, one of the state's primary tasks is to improve public
health and the state should endeavour to prohibit consumption except for medical purposes of
intoxicating drinks and drugs that are harmful to public health..
The present study is a sincere attempt to trace the history of drug abuse and to analyze
the current pattern of drug trafficking, narco- terrorism and so on and finally to evaluate the
current Indian law in this respect in the light of judicial statements.

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 REVIEW OF EXISTING LITERATURE

1. The Drugs–Crime Connection (1981) edited by James A. Inciardi, published by Sage

Publications, London.
This book is the fifth volume of James A Incardi’s annual reviews on drugs and alcohol abuse.
He has done extensive work in the fields of substance abuse, medicine, criminology, criminal
justice and so on. The book begins with an introduction by the editor himself and includes nine
essays and an epilog by Cheryl R. Tieman.
2. Drug Abuse and Drug Prevention (1997) Edited by A. S. Kohli, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd,
New Delhi.
In this book, the writer discusses that Drugs have been answerable for the degradation of
young age group all over the world and at the same time a brisk profession for the drug
traffickers. Not only the young boys and girls fall victim to drugs but elderly people also could
not escape from the terrible strangleholds of drugs
In this book, the author talks about the fact that drugs are responsible for the degradation of
the young age group throughout the world and at the same time a brisk profession for drug
dealers. Not only the young boys and girls fall victim to drugs, but also the elderly cannot
escape the terrible drug strangles.
3. Fighting Drug Menace Achievements and Bottlenecks (1997), Authors by (Late) Dr. M.S.
Bedi and Dr. P.K. Bajpai, Published by Regency Publications, New Delhi.
The book is the result of the research project ' An evaluation study of drug addiction, counseling
and aftercare centers sponsored by the Ministry of Welfare (Government of India) in' Madhya
Pradesh & Rajasthan' The book provides an evaluation of the problem, extent, types and harms
of drug abuse
4. Giri Raj Shah, Encyclopedia of Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances: vol. III-Indian
Initiatives, (New Delhi, Gyan Publishing House, 1998)

This book provides a detailed analysis and description into the history of the use drugs in India,
its contemporary standings and effects on youth and adults. It also analyzes the existing laws in
relation to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
5. Annual Report, Narcotics Control Bureau
This Annual Report covers activities in the field of drug law enforcement in India. Some other
aspects of NCB work has also been included. Annual Report covers all the trends in the field of
drug abuse, prevention, drug law enforcement and coordination In India

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6. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Drug Report
The World Drug Report is an annual publication of the United Nations Office on Drugs and
Crime, which analyzes market trends and compiles detailed drug market statistics. It helps draw
conclusions on drugs as a matter of need for government agencies around the world to
intervene with data. The UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) publishes the World Drug
Report every year. In 1997, in the same year the Agency was created, the first reports were
published. Crime prevention, criminal justice and criminal law reform were the responsibility of
the organization.
7. Sourav Banerjee, An Analytical Study on Illicit Drug Trafficking in India and its’ Legal
Combat Mechanism
This research paper analyzes the pattern of illicit drugs trafficking in India. It provides a
descriptive study of the channel through which drugs are smuggled in India and also crticallay
evaluates the existing law that deals with the issue of illegal drug trafficking in India.
8. The article ‘Substance Abuse in India’ (2009) by Ahmad Nadeem, Bano Rubeena, Agarwal
V.K. and Kalakoti Piyush
It discusses the substance abuse and its causes in our young generation and society. Economic
change / stress generally lead to an individual's use of substances, changing his cultural values
and social values. It also focuses on the nature of the different drugs used and the individual's
personality, society and his environment, which force people to adjust in modern society.
9. The monthly magazine ‘Hamari Dharti’, May-June 2014 edition
It was based on addiction in which the editor shed light on the vicious cycle of addiction as to
how a person never gets rid of this addiction and is subjected to other crimes such as murder,
rape, robbery, etc. Drugs are also being smuggled at international level. A person has lost
control of his brain because of dependence. He stressed the dangers of drug dependence &
suggestions.
10. ‘Man ki baat’ 14 December 2014
It is an Indian radio program hosted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, where he spoke on radio
to the people of the Nation, DD National & DD News. He addressed the youth this day program
to say no to drugs. He said whatever money they use to buy drugs that can be used to finance
the end of terrorism and finally told about a toll- free number for helping drug addicts and their
families.

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 CONCEPTUALIZATION
The term "drug "contains four definitions: scientific, medical, social and legal. According to the
basic scientific definition, this term refers to a substance that influences the structure or
functions of a living organism due to its chemical nature. Medical definition of drug is "any
chemical agent that affects live protoplasm." Considered in the light of scientific or medical
definitions, substances such as medicines, alcoholic drinks, narcotics, cigarettes, food and even
water may fall within the' drug' framework.
The sociological definition relates to a narcotic drug the term ' drug.' Few people would prefer
to refer to common medicines such as aspirin, analgin or cough syrup by using this term. In a
sociological context, people who normally use alcohol, tobacco or analgesics are hardly
considered to be drug abusers.
The term ' drug' has no standard legal definition. It varies from statute to statute. In India, for
example, mosquito repellents and the chemicals used to destroy insects that cause human
disease also fall under the Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 definition of "drug." For the purposes
of the Drugs(control) Act, 1950, a' drug' is only the drug to which the Central Government has
declared the Act applicable. Under the Drugs and Magic Remedies Act, 1954,' Drug' still has a
different definition.
In most English dictionaries, the meaning of the term 'drug' generally covers all four sets of
definitions mentioned above. The meaning assigned by different people to this term, i.e.
Doctors, pharmacists, mediators, police officers, public health officials and lawyers depend on
their own occupation or activity.
International conventions and narcotics agreements also do not define' drug.'
The single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, and as amended by the 1972 Protocol
stipulated in Article 1(j) that “drug means any of the substances in Schedule 1 and 2, whether
natural or synthetic” and in Article 1(u), the Single Convention stipulated that “ Schedule 1” ,
“Schedule 2”, “Schedule 3” and “Schedule 4” mean the correspondingly numbered lists of drugs
or preparations annexed to this Convention, as amended from time to time in accordance with
Article 3.
The united Nations Convention Against Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances, 1988, defined narcotic drugs in Article 1(n) saying “Narcotic drug means any of the
substances, natural or synthetic, in Schedule 1 and 2 of the Single Convention on Narcotic
Drugs, 1961, and that Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol amending the Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961”
Section 2(14) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 defines narcotic
drugs as “narcotic drug” means coca leaf, cannabis(hemp), opium, poppy straw and includes all
manufactured goods.

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 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Drug addiction in India is a major social problem. Many parts of India such as Maharashtra,
North East, Karnataka, Goa and Punjab are highly affected by Drug abuse. The close proximity
of India to the Golden Crescent (Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan) and the Golden Triangle
(Myanmar, Laos and Thailand) makes it susceptible to drugs abuse. What began as a casual use
by a minuscule group of high-income youth in the metro has now pervaded to all the sectors of
society. Cannabis, heroin and pharmaceutical drugs produced in India are the most frequently
abused drugs in India. Alcohol and tobacco are the most commonly used substance in India.
Narcotic Drug containing pharmaceuticals are also being increasingly abused. Cough syrups
based on codeine are still distracted from the domestic market for abuse.

The subject of the study is “Impact of drug abuse and its trafficking in society: An Appraisal”.
This attempt is to analyze the various issues connected with drug abuse and its ill effects in the
society and also deals with the issue of drug trafficking in the Indian sub-continent region.

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The methodology of research used here is both analytical and descriptive. The current research
paper examines all aspects of the problem that existed and prevailed from earlier times. It also
focuses on the current issues and analyzes already available information to make a critical
assessment of them.

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 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY AND HYPOTHESIS
The objective of the study is to analyze situation of drug abuse prevalent in the society
especially among the youth. The menace of drug abuse along with its trafficking in India is
entering in its worst phase day by day. Through this study it is attempted to study the causes
and effects of drug abuse, the magnitude of the problem in the present time, the relation
between tourism and drug trade. This study is also an attempt to scrutinize the relevancy of
anti-drug laws prevailing in India and also to provide an overview of all the laws dealing with
the present subject. This study also brings in contrast the problem of narco-terrorism which is a
growing branch of drug trafficking in India.

This study also reveals the pattern, trend and routes used in trafficking drugs among different
states in India. Right from Indo-Pak border in the north to Kanyakumari in the South and from
Gujrat in the west to Assam in the east drug trafficking is rampant. It is also pointed out in this
study that not only through land but also through air as well as sea drugs is trafficked in the
country. The nexus of drug cartels with the help of those who are in power and position,
whether it be a politician or bureaucrat increase their evil business to a new height which is not
only alarming but also a subject to worry in terms of economic production and per individual
efficiency.

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 TENTATIVE CHAPTERISATION

1. Chapter-1: Introduction
This chapter provides an introduction to the term drugs and drug abuse. It also provides a brief
history of drug abuse by the mankind. It also provides a description of the types of drugs
available in the market which are used for the purpose of drug abuse, effect and magnitude of
drug problem in India.

2. Chapter-2: Tourism and Drug Trade

This chapter deals with recreational drug tourism in India. This chapter provides a brief study to
the issue of tourism for drugs in the parts of India like Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. It also
analyzes the role of drugs into the development of trade.

3. Chapter-3: Causes and Effect of Drug Abuse

This chapter deals with the various causes and effects of drug abuse involving agents like
government, parents, and society.

4. Chapter 4: Relevance of anti-drug laws and initiatives and its impact

in India
This chapter deals with the history and development of anti drugs laws and initiatives in India,
their significance, role and impact on the Indian society.

5. Chapter 5: Illegal drug trafficking in India

This chapter deals into the history of drug trafficking in India, its contemporary sources and role
of neighboring countries into the development of illegal drug trade in India including the study
of sea, air and land routes through which illegal drug trafficking in India is given into effect.

6. Chapter 6: Conclusion and Suggestion

This chapter is the most important part of the entire project and it gives the final touch by
concluding the whole issue by critically evaluating every aspect of the main issue.

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 COLLECTION OF DATA AND METHODOLOGY
The methodology used in this research for the purpose of data collection is secondary data
collection methods which include the content analysis and examining of existing data in the
form of databases, books, reports, journals, articles, newsletters, etc. The present research also
includes case study of specific areas with reference to existing reports, articles, documents and
books.

The collection of data in this research has been obtained from the following sources.

1. Books
2. Articles
3. Journals
4. Magazines
5. Government reports
6. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime reports
7. Enforcement Agencies reports

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 DATA ANALYSIS
The data below shows the maximum number of suicides in different states of India due to drug
abuse.

The data below shows the Global estimated use of drugs.

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The following data of National Drug Enforcement shows the seizure of different drugs in
kilograms in India from 2009-2017.

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 LIMITATION OF STUDY
The present research though provides a brief global outlook of the issue of drug abuse and drug
trafficking, is mainly concerned and limited to its standing and effects in India.
The data which is presented here and is relied upon in the research in most of the parts are of
before 2019 and 2018 because of lack of any fresh report from the government or the
enforcement agencies. The figures in data may not be exact because of varying numbers in
different reports.

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 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Drug abuse has become a national problem in India since the 1980s. The exact number of drug
abusers remains unknown in the country. In the 1960s, the global illicit drug market needed a
huge number of addicts to maintain its operations. India's unique geographical position and
huge market for substance abuse makes her vulnerable to drug trafficking. Drug addiction in
India has, however, not taken on such a serious scale as in some western countries but there is
no reason for complacency. India has used a mix of measures to deal with the problem of drug
trafficking and to protect the country’s borders against such infringements. On the one hand, it
has enacted strict anti-drug laws, co-opted various voluntary organizations and sought to
strengthen the physical security of its borders through various means, and on the other,
through several bilateral and multilateral agreements, it has sought the cooperation of its
neighbors and other countries but all these efforts have been partially successful.
For achieving greater success in preventing drug trafficking, a few suggestions are put forth:

 Prevention of drug trafficking has to be accorded greater priority.

 Information/intelligence gathering regarding drug trafficking, its analysis and
dissemination capabilities need to be strengthened.
 The issue of corruption among the border guarding forces as well as in other concerned
agencies has to be dealt with in a pragmatic manner.
 Various domestic laws enacted for the control of drug trafficking should be
implemented stringently and severe punishments should be accorded to drug stockists.
 Agencies such as the SDOMD should be reinvigorated.
 Above all greater cooperation with neighbours on matters of drug trafficking need to be
forged.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/publications.html
2. http://narcoticsindia.nic.in/publication.php
3. Kar.P.K, “Drug Abuse: A Perspective of the National Problem” (Dr. B.N. Ghosh Memorial
Oration), Hyderabad, Indian Pharmacological Society XXI Annual Conference, December
1988.
4. Mehanathan M.C, Law of Control on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances in
India.
5. http://www.dnaIndia.com/India/report-substance-abuse-rising-amongst-Indian-kids-
2027658
6. R.N Chopra and I.C Chopra, Drug Addiction, New Delhi: CSIR, 1965.
7. B.V. Kumar, Drug Trafficking-A Historical Perspective, Indian Journal of Social work,
1989.
8. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_drug_tourism
9. Drug War Distortions: Estimating the Illicit Drug Market, www.drugwardistortions.org.
10. Encyclopaedia. the free dictionary.com

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