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    1 views6 pages

    Reinas Sance

    Uploaded by

    Lina Sáenz
    k,jk,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 6
    Historical Context 12s The Tudor Dynasty: Henry Vil and Henry VIII ‘enry Tudor (1485-1509) won the Battle of Bosworth Field, and became the new king of England, King Henry VII. This was the beginning of the ‘Tudor dynasty which signalled the beginning of a new period of prosperity and ability for England after years of civil war among the nobility, known as the Wars of the Roses, Since the nobility had almost destroyed itself during these } wars, Henry VII was able to build a new nation-state on what remained. Despite his great accomplishments, Henry VII never captured the popular $ imagination like his son Henry VIII or his granddaughter Elizabeth I. Still, he is # responsible for laying the foundations of one of the most fruitful periods of P00. ..cessend English history. With his great diplomatic skills he avoided wars with Scotland land France; and with his financial skills he greatly increased England's econ- ‘omic power. He also helped to establish England's commercial shipping acti allowing the country to dominate world trade and to become a world power. Henry VIII (1509-1547) was completely different from his reserved father. ‘Though a brilliant scholar and ambitious in European politics, he was self-centred and extravagant, and he soon spent much of the money his father had so patiently accumulated, He was not successful in his atiempts to make England ‘an important political force by mediating between Spain and France. The Reformation Eye Mi was anos faking for quick ways to raise money. The Church was very rich and monasteries were no longer an important factor in the economic growth of the country. He also resented the Church of England's power as an international organisation which he could not contro. ‘These problems came to a head when Henry's first wife, Catherine of Aragon, did not give birth to any sons but only to a gil, Mary Tudor. Since the dynasty depended on male heirs to the throne, Henry asked the Pope to annul the marriage, but the Pope refused because the King of Spain, Charles V, who, was Catherine's nephew, had great influence on the Pope. In 1533 Henry VIII secretly married Anne Boleyn and the archbishop of Canterbury ‘declared the frst marriage null and void. Henry VIII then persuaded the English bish- ‘ops to make him the head of the Church of England with the Act of Supremacy oF 1534, Henry was then fre to divorce Catherine and marry Anne Boleyn. At first this break with Rome was only political, and the actual religion of the people remained Catholic because Henry did not approve of the Protestantism of Europe. Sill, ‘emry began to change the status of the Church in England. Between 1536 and 1539 he carried out the so-called ‘Dissolution ofthe Monasteries’: he closed these religious institutions and confiscated their riches, distributing therm among other landowners and ‘merchants. Thus, at a stroke, Henry had solved his financial problems and also ensured his popularity with a large and increasingly influential section ofthe population. Henry died in 1547 after six marriages and left three heits to the throne: Edward, Mary and Elizabeth Tudor. ‘THE TUDORS Henry VII(1485-1509) Margarot meJames IV of Scotland Arthur me Catherine of Aragon Henry vit (1509-1547) (a. 1502) James V Mary Stuart “++ Mary | (1553-1558) Elizabeth i (1558-1603) Edward (1547-1553) i James VI of Scotland, later James tof England (Stuart - 160-1625) Religious Conflict Eos ‘V1 (1547-1553) was too young 10 reign when Henry died so the vountry was governed by a council, composed of members of the NeW opilty creaed by the Tadors, and therefore in favour of Protestant reforms Tuiny because they had benefited from the dissolution of dhe monastic), {Kd yet public opinion was not happy with Protestantism, especially with We aw prayer book inroduced in 1552 to moke sure all the churches followed the Protestant religion. ‘Wien Eeward VI died in 1583 atthe age of 16, the imprudent and inflexible Mary Tudor the Catholic daughter of Henry VII's first wife Catherine of Ara% teszmne queen, Even though her Catholicism was approved by the people, she see istust with her marriage to Philip of Spain. The common people

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