·         Grid Conductor Sizing (see Appendix A.

02)

A = ( I”SC / K ) x ( t / ln (( ϴf + β ) / ( ϴi + β )))-2

Copper =
Steel =
Aluminium =

·         Tolerable Touch and Step Voltage

CS = 1-{[ 0.09‧(1-ρ/ρs)] / (2‧hs+0.09)} =

For a 50 kg body weight:

Etouch = (( 1000 + (1.5 x CS x ρS )) / tS-2) x 0.116 =
Estep = (( 1000 + (6 x CS x ρS )) / tS ) x 0.116
-2
=

For a 70 kg body weight:

Etouch = (( 1000 + (1.5 x CS x ρS )) / tS-2) x 0.157 =
Estep = (( 1000 + (6 x CS x ρS )) / tS ) x 0.157
-2
=
21.38855
59.19411
32.37426

294.4007
399.4512

398.4561
540.6365
 Material β in °C K in A √s/mm2
Copper 234.5 226
Aluminium 228 148
Steel 202 78

I”SC 4000 A
Soil temp ϴi 35 °C
Duration of fault over current 1 Sec
for bare copper and steel 300 °C
for copper cable VPE insulated 250 °C

ρ 90 Ω-m
ρs 90 Ω-m
hs 1.43 m
ts 0.2 Sec