CONCEPT MAP Earlier Attempts ‘© Flementsina iad had similar properties ‘© The atomic weight of the middle cement wae very dloseto thearithmetiemean ofthe other wo elements are separated from one another. Co CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES ements are classified in such away that similar clements are grouped together and dissimilar clements Ses gd Nsders Periodic The physical and chemical properties of the elements are a periodic fanction ofthe atomicnumbers [Neint iw we — ‘© When elements were arranged in increasing order of, thee stomie weights, properties of every eighth clement were sma to those ofthe fist one lke the cighthnoteof musical sale. > or * Basedonmodern periodiclaw. + Follows Boht’s scheme forthe strangement of varios electrons around, thenvdlews, ‘© Contains 18 groupsand’7 periods Serer eer Fm |croups '¢ Theproperties ofthe elementsareperiodicfunction of ther atomic weights ‘¢ Mendeleev original periodic table contains # vertical column called groupe and 6 horizontal roves called periods Blocks “ene ioe a “aio eat ee pens] tatecedenens (eng | Elecei ee nc ‘ Groupnumberfor = block: ne. ofralence letronsin n-orbita ~ pblock: 10 4no.ofvalenc lectronsin np-obita = d dlock:no. of valence eleetronsin (1-1) dand ns-orbitals Group 1-Alkalimetale # Group2-Alalinecarth metals Group 11 -Coinagemetale © Group 15 -Prictogens Group 16-Chaleogens Group 17-Halogene Group 18-Noble gases or Acrogens Periods ee | ‘Metale:> 78% ofallknown clementsappear on theleft bande ofthe periodictable. ‘Non metale: 20, ieon the top righthand sig ofthe periodictable Metallods or semai-metals =, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po and At run diagonally acrostheperiodictable le ‘© Periodic number : highest principal quantum number (n) of the ements ofthe periodic table, ‘© Number of elements in each period is twice of the stomic orbitals avilable in the energy level thal are beng filled 4» Period (n=1)-2eements —— Period2(n=2)-Belements 4 Period3(n=3)-Belements «Period 4(n=4)-18clements 4 Periods (n=5)-1elemente «Period 6(n1=6)-32elements ‘© Petiod7(n=7)-32elements = Lanthanolds: 14 elements ofperiod 6 = Actinoids: 14 clement ofperiod7 (acedinhebotom ofthe periodic tablesepartl) peer) "© Properties which show a regular gradation from left to right period snd top tobottomina group, ‘Exceptions A gHTofBe, MgC, Nand inert gatesispostve ‘Atand KrhavethesamevalueofA 2 2 HlofFieleee-vethan CL A gHof Oisless-vethan5. IB of0 <1B 01, Ionization ety Hectzon gin cap, lectrnepay, Ox ome, Properties Fenzaon ety Heo gin ‘otha. Blectraneptty Odin ome, ‘Aiea a exes sane Aedicnntare of odes eerie ‘Nore xds, Redocng pow ‘omic as Redueng power, aceite ofates andadding efixtn “> Technetium (Te) isthefirstsyntheticelement. F | > Francium (F)isliquid. radioactvedlement. © Z,Cdandligarevolalile d-blockelements > Mercury (Hg) ease called liguid silver Lanthanide which doesnot occu in nature ispromethium (Pm). “> Menueleev ha predicted the properties of gallium (ck alianinsur) and germanium (eka-siicon) Tong before they were known, “TUPAC names of element with atomic numbers > 100 are derived directly fom the atoms numbers using numerical oot for 0 and number from 1-9 °» Valency first increases from Ito 4and then decreases to zero along a period and remain stme within a group. “> Some clementsin second period chow snulariis with third period clement placed diagonally cach other, > Boron (B) has the smallest atomicvolume and highest tensile stength