ea uy GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Part-2) Mrs im (NCEE, + * ‘Nucleophiles (nucleus lving)} [Flectrophiles(lectro + Expresedbyasymbol:Na~_ ¢ Expresedbyasynbol & Ehotonrich 4 Hlectondeicient Donateanelecton pair Acceptanclectroapair © Aitck on dection deficient « Attack on lecton rich atoms stoms(iealowe' density) (e,highe densi) Lewsbases(e patrdonor) —« Lewisacida(©pairacceptor) # Canryneutralor-vecharge _ « Carryneutalor sve charge Postess an unshared pair of # Possess an empty orbit lecrons which ate not too. receive the clectron pair érom| strongly held tothe atomic the nucleophile rudleus Able to form an extre or © Able to increase their alternative bond with the ‘it. ‘cleophie InCNSOH’ eg, BF, AICI CINO™ a foving) Organic compounds undergo electronic displacements on their ow. forunder the influence ofan atacking agent Inductive effect: © Permanentefect © Operatethrough bonds ‘© Observedinsaturated compounds Representedby S-artow Oar SLE, ene ey + tees 8 6-F [Sibunest ata othrdaftecation tk che wiring Cf RCL GN (Replaczmentofan ato bya diferentatom) Resctionisdoneby- or Il =Types of Organ Reactions (Substation Resctons Freradial(eg, Warts reaction) Blectophili (by eleciropiles, ‘wudleophilic (by mileophiles) Sy —— Se | Reaction isdone by = Freeradical-(eg, Peroidectest) eg Niskophiic, x Hlecteopbilic, Ap 6g.Morkownikots rule) Camel 6 Bina een eee Gere hoggiracion Onemepeasion | | lumiation : Two sos o¢ arr frp aloe rom the sae carton Sine eecabene wy RI Ney, a xe pur + upgay- pica, «1,0 +r Prelimination:Twostomsor groups Lov and ld concentration of ce ere Eee rete ere ee toe eee pee ars Sp ocr Cauttty + Caan ie Bimelecd, eg. Hydrolysisof eg. Hydrolysis of ae “aiom/group within the ‘tert-butyl halide. methyl halide. — NH,cx0-55.H CONE, ‘Sable of earboestion re radical t eu Stongth ofbase cation (conjugite acd) ‘Thusorderis 7 <2"<3", + Stability of carbanon fae Stength of aid anion conjugate base) ‘Thus order ie 199 29> 5 Mosomerle/Resonance eflect + © Permanenteffect «Represented by acurved (“Warrow ‘© Operstethrough two bonds ora 7 bond withthelone pur Observed in unsturated and conjugated compounds e 2 lone crete) ecosmae am hsom) erone aetndar ovadhe e Hleciromere effet © Temporary ellest « Represented by a curved (7W) arrow 1 Operates in multiple covalent bonds or an atom with lone pai caer oseetets gk ‘oom (mato dso othe bond ov aang sg °F eect Ep ocr Nkope ag eee ee ee eee (ons) eeliy maiko) Hyperconjugation Nobond resonance/a-nconjuation © Permanent eect # Deloalizaionaferands-bond orbitals " Bie Rke>-coc-& Lewis acd and base ate terms that are used generally, but when one or the olber reacts to form s bond 49 & carbon atom, we usually calli an elotrophie oc 3 elope. “Ambiphile (biden! reagents, behave hath like electropies and nucleophiles eco ii Tracie 4-Characteristicpatersoelectron floware ee = Nucleophilic sack mp 28 Node Hes = Lossofleaing soup mp GEE > A + = Proton taser mip = Rearrangement mp ‘When inductive andelectromeri eflecs bath are operative in thesamemoleculebut intheoppositedtection, the electromerc eect predominates, gi ‘ of ‘lle shows SHEEN HC HOH my ' sia reaction with C, 44,0 the reactant ss all lice» Undergoes only 2/2 reactions. the reactant is 2 aly halide, ~ Undergoes 8y2VR2 reactions favoured by ahigh concentration of good ucleopilestrong base — Undergoes Sy/E1 reactions favoured bya poor aucleopileweak base