Hea MAP Core bel Net ene ae ee Mu “our Prieur] y ren erst eee Oe eee ea ste nth AlkanesparainsC,ay3] «# Isomeris~ Chain, Conformational «# Pybriisation sp Preparation 2CH,C00Ns + 241,0 foe ecb CH,CHO + 4H) (Creme esa) ich (Stereo) Dey at (CHB + 2Nas CH,be (we ain) 1 Special method or CH, AljG, + 12H,0 —> 4A110H), + 368,7 CH+Zn + ICH, (Craknd resco) Alkenes/olefins [C,H,,] © Tomeriam ~ Chain Position, Geometrical, Ring-chain. © Hybridisation sp? © Preparation CHOW ‘pinane (CH,cOoNs), (CH,b4),+20 Aromatic (Bowe: oll 9 Benenden Cy (here w=no.fG soma tote fds) ponies 3 partion: seeee Bath Padu een) “Ole on obese ate} Properties Alkanes Physical Boiling point + For straight chain alkanes bbpt = molecularsize Inisomeric alkanes, bptl/branching. {© Melting point : Even no. of C-atoms + Higher ‘mplsOddno.of atoms Lowerm pt. «© Density molecularmas. Chemical © Least reactive becasse of strong Cand CH. bonds. © Undergo only substitution reactions. 4 Salphonation and halogenation occur by free radical mechanism, Alkenes Physical ‘© B p.m. pt-andspecifc gravityoc molecular ‘6 Less volatile than alkanes. pt. and mp areigher thanalkanes Chemical '© Undergo electrophilic adlition easton 48 Tes for unsaturation and Bacyertests ‘© Adltion of unsymmetrical reagents (HN 0, HOX, ete) + Markovnikov'srule ‘¢ In presence of peroxides, addivon is ant Markovnikov'sor Peroxide cr Kharasch effect. ies bromine water Benzenoids Physical ‘© Meltingand oiling pointsocmolecular size © Solubilis organicsalvents, Chemical © Reactvi Insoluble fm wate but soluble in + Alkenes>alkynes>arenes> alkanes. ‘© Undergo electrophilic substitution reactions. 1# DomotgiveBacyer'test, Non benzenoids: ‘© Donotcontainbenzenering €Azulene, ropolone pyrtle,etc Alkynes{C,Hy al? Tomer” Chain, Position, Functional, Ring-chain, Hybridisation sp © Preparation Cac F2H0" (CHB), 20H,» 6g a 20+, ofCH=SCH}(CHCOOK), ‘Aromat verte eer) (tates ect ‘© Containa ringofthreeormoreC atoms. €Cyelopropane,cyelobutene et: (ropa } ae ‘© Anaromaticmolecule = Planar, cyclicand completelyconjugated, ~ Contains (an 2) electrons, an integer). Ion ring closure, the x-clectron energy of an ‘openchain polyene decreases. ‘go [6] anmulene (Benzene) ‘© Ananti-aromaticmolecule- = Planar, cyclicand completelyconjugated, = Contains 4nm-clectrons, (here (where n= an integer) =f, on ring closure, the a-electron energy ‘ego (A annutene (Cyciobutadiene) «¢ Anon-aromaticmolecule- = Non-planar, non-cyclic and not completely sonjugated. =f, on ing closure, the electron energy remainsthe same. ‘egeAlkanesalkenesand 1,3, Sylohepratriene © The first three members of alkanes do not chibi isomerism. # Alkanescontaining odd no, of atomscannot| beprepared by Kolbe electrolysis ‘© Methane cannot be prepared by Sabatier and] ‘Sendoreisreaction. © Method- ~ toascendthe C-chain-Wortzreaction, ~ todescend the C-chain -Decarboxyiation, avid 22 > substitution reaction © Benzene’ X, Lt > «ition reaction. © Octanena.-Knocking quality ofan automobile fick YY ageane Ine fo knocking] [Knocks oy) esses Regula gasoline # asotnes|*SIED <7hy Third grade gusotine (Resrere > Premium gasoline Alkynes Physical © Meltingandboiling points: Alkynes> alkanes andalkenes. 4 Solubility : Insoluble in water but soluble in ‘organic solvenss, [Chemical # Acidity + Alkyncs > alkenes > alkanes (ass-character «acidity, "Test for unsaturation-Gives bromine water and Boeyertest Undergo eletrop f Degeee of unsaturation or index of hydrogen Aeficiency = (21 +2 1,)/2. where m, = number ofearbon atoms, n= number ofhydrogen atoms. le and nucleophilic addition ‘© Tetraethyl lead (an antiknock compound) is used as a misture of TEL (63%), ethylene bromide (25%), ethylene chloride (9%) and methyleneblie(2), + Cetane no. = Sale to desde quality of dese fia 6 CHYCH) CH co Mawleane, Tenge ere oer Tver) iby