1) Introduction

2) Need of DWDM Transmission

technology
3) Types of DWDM
4)Basic components of DWDM
3)NE Type/Structure
5)Transmission quality parameters
4)Equipment Alarms of 1626 LM
5)Fault Troubleshooting of 1626 LM
6)Link Budget & Power loss designing
For singlemode fiber, the loss is about 0.5 dB per km for 1310 nm sources, 0.4 dB
per km for 1550 nm
Optical Transmission
Introduction
Multiplexing techniques

1) Space Division Multiplexing

2) Time Division Multiplexing
3) Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Why we need DWDM?

Earlier we use SDH transmission technology where optical

signals transmitted through a optical fiber utilizing only single
dedication bandwidth like STM-1,4,16 & 64, by implementing
SDH technology we have wasted maximum amount of
bandwidth which we can utilize only by a technology known as
DWDM.

Definition of DWDM:-> DWDM is a transmission technology by

which we can transmit/multiplex/Demux different wavelengths on
a single fiber by which we can utilize maximum bandwidth via
optical fiber cable. OR

DWDM combines multiple optical signals so that they can

amplified as a group & transported over a single fiber to
increase capacity.
ITU-T BAND
Band Description Wavelength Range
O band original 1260 to 1360 nm
E band extended 1360 to 1460 nm
S band short wavelengths 1460 to 1530 nm
conventional
C band ("erbium 1530 to 1565 nm
window")
L band long wavelengths 1565 to 1625 nm
ultralong
U band 1625 to 1675 nm
wavelengths
Historically, there was a window used below the O band, called the first
window, at 800-900 nm; however, losses are high in this region so this window
is used primarily for short-distance communications. The current lower
windows (O and E) around 1300 nm have much lower losses. This region has
zero dispersion. The middle windows (S and C) around 1500 nm are the
most widely used. This region has the lowest attenuation losses and achieves
the longest range. It does have some dispersion, so dispersion compensator
devices are used to remove this.
• The minimum frequency separation between two different
multiplexed signals is known as the Channel Spacing. Since the
wavelength of operation is inversely proportional to the frequency,
a corresponding difference is introduced in the wavelength of each
signal.
 T
R C
A M B
N D L D
M
S X O C
D
P F U
X
O A
N
D 12*CMDX
E 1*BMDX
R

96 TRBD/C CARD require to provide

full capacity of 96 Lamada
 64 to 160 channels in 1550 nm window
Late Next generation DWDM system
1990’s Channel spacing of 0.2 to 0.4 nm

16 to 40 channels in 1550nm window

Mid
DWDM (Dense wdm)
1990’s
Channel spacing of 0.8 to 1.6

Early 2 to 8 channels in 1550nm window

1990’s Passive (or) 2nd generation WDM
Channel spacing of~ 3.2nm

1980’s 2 channels WWDM (Wideband WDM)

1310nm & 1550nm
*A basic DWDM system contains several main
components:
(a) A DWDM terminal multiplexer

(b) An intermediate line repeater

(c) An intermediate optical terminal

(d) A DWDM terminal demultiplexer

(e) Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)

•Wavelength converting transponders translate the transmitted
wavelength of a client-layer signal into one of the DWDM system's
equivalent internal wavelengths.

•In the mid-1990s,wavelength converting transponders rapidly took

on the additional function of signal regeneration.
Signal regeneration in transponders quickly evolved through 1R
to 2R to 3R .

1R 2R 3R
Retransmission Re-time, Re-time,
Re-transmit Re-transmit,
Re-shape
• Capacity increase : Large aggregate transmission capacity.

• Upgradability : Customer growth without requiring additional fiber

to be laid.

• Flexibility : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing (OADM)

Optical Cross connect (OXC)

• Scalability : The possibility to add new nodes to the network.

• Network Transparency : Independence of data rate, format &

protocols.
Connectivity Diagram
ROADM Structure
BAND-OADM
Small-OADM
ROADM
Line Terminal MUX 1626 for LH App
1626 view as regional application
1626 MUX as ILA Structure
ROADM structure
Main Features of 1626 LM R-4
Equipment alarms
Types of Patch Cords
DWDM Components
Types of Optical Amplifier
Raman Amplification Principle
Between multiplexing and de-multiplexing points in a DWDM system, there is an area in which
multiple wavelengths exist. It is often desirable to be able to remove or insert one or more
wavelengths at some point along this span. An Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM) performs
this function. Rather than combining or separating all wavelengths, the OADM can remove some
while passing others on. OADMs are a key part of moving toward the goal of all-optical networks.
Types of OADMs
1)Conventional OADMs- Used to drop fixed wavelength/Lamda---
where optical signal transmitted from more than one directions.

2)ROADM-> Reconfigurable OADM—used where optical signal

transmitted from more than two directions.
Tx Quality Parameters
Optical Spectrum Analyzer
An Optical Spectrum Analyzer (or OSA) is a precision instrument
designed to measure and display the distribution of power of an optical
source over a specified wavelength span. An OSA trace displays power in
the vertical scale and the wavelength in the horizontal scale.

Power
(dB)

Wavelength(nm)
Alcatel DWDM Products
LINK BUDGETING
1)Optical Transmit Power(Tx)-Optical Receive
Power(Rx)= is called a Total LOSS of a Link.

2) Planning team will define Beginning of Life (BOL) of

a link & End of life (EOL) based on the total distance of
a link and type of fiber quality.

3)FOR PROPER WORKING OF A DWDM NETWORK ONE

MUST HAVE TO BE MAINTAIN DWDM LINK LOSS BELOW
BOL & EOL.
@Thank You@