‘The Indian Journal of Political Science a8 ‘The salaries of government servants were fixed ona cash basis but could be paid in Kind oras ‘a minture of the two. An official could, in lieu of a part of his salary be allotted land to be farmed by him for his benefit, but such land could neither be sold nor mortgaged and could be used only as long ashe held the office. The total salary bill of the state was determined in accordance with the capacity topay and was one quarter of the revenue of the state. The salary scale of the government servants be such as to enable the accomplishment of state activities and should be adequate for meeting the bodily needs of states servants, Kautilya could visualize the concept of good and responsive governance when he made provision for giving financial relief to a government servant after his death in service. Ifa government servant died ‘while on duty, his sons and wives were entitled to his selary and food allowance. On occasions such as funerals births or illness, the families of the deceased government servant was given presents of money and shown honour as @ mark of gratitude to one who died in the King’s Service. Personal Administration Kautilya recognizes that the personnel who man the organizations are as important as the organization, for good governance. He prescribed certain qualification for each post, which goes to prove that certain basic qualifications were necessary for entry into the service ofthe government. All important appointments were made by the king himself and only persons having intelligence and power of expression were considered suitable for state services. The need for the appointment of councilors and Ministers was felt because the work of the government was diversified. It was not possible for the King to do it all by himself and so he had to appoint personnel of various categories. At the top level were ministers who were appointed by the King, who decided the work of the government taking into account. each one’s ability andthe nature of work assigned to them. Besides all important functionaries like the treasurer, the chancellor, the governor ‘general ofthe city wete appointed by the king himself on the basis of the qualifications laid down for different posts and before making the appointment the king used 10 investigate all the qualities ofthe person who were appointed. Of these qualities nationality, family background, and amenability to discipline were examined. Intelligence, perseverance and dexterity were also evaluated by examining his past experience. Even the Ministers after appointment had to undergo four kind of test based on Dharma, Artha, Kama and fear, and after qualifying these tests they were given appropriate post After recruitment comes training bat there is very litle discussion of the training of personnel ‘manning various government departments in Kautilya’s Arthashastra. Probably thismay be due to the fact that before appointment the candidates had to undergo a tough and rigorous test. The qualifications and qualities laid down in Arthashastra for different functionaries and positions manning the administration clearly thdicate that there was good governance at every level because of a sound administrative system’?