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American English File - Vocabulary, Grammar PDF
American English File - Vocabulary, Grammar PDF
American
ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﺎدي و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ
ﺑﺮداري از آن ﭘﻴﮕﺮد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ دارد.
ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم آﻧﻜﻪ ﺟﺎن را ﻓﻜﺮت آﻣﻮﺧﺖ
ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ،American English Fileﻳﻜﻲ از ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ
ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آﻛﺴﻔﻮرد ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ آﻣﻮزش زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ
ﻟﻬﺠﻪ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن و ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻏﻴﺮ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ زﺑﺎن ،ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﻮه
اي ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻫﺮ درس ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از ﻟﻐﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻧﻜﺎت
ﮔﺮاﻣﺮي ،ﺷﻴﻮه ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ...ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻬﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﺎﻧﻪ زﺑﺎن
اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ )ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن ،ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ،ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﻪ و درك ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺷﻨﻴﺪاري( ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد.
ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻧﻜﺎت ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ درﺳﻬﺎ ،اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از زﺑﺎن ﻣﺤﺎوره واﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻗﺘﺒﺎس از زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺮدم
اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ زﺑﺎن در ﻛﻨﺎر آﻣﻮزﺷﻬﺎي آﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .از ﻃﺮف دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻲ از
ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﺮدن ،ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ،ﺳﻔﺎرش ﻏﺬا در رﺳﺘﻮران و ...ﻣﻮاردي از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﺑﺎن
اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ در زﻧﺪﮔﻲ روزﻣﺮه ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﻪ آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﻛﺘﺎب ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از ﻧﻜﺎت ﮔﺮاﻣﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه واژﮔﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ و راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺗﻠﻔﻆ
ﻟﻐﺎت ﻫﺮ درس از اﻣﺮﻳﻜﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺶ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺟﻠﺪ وﻳﮋه ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ اراﻳﻪ
ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺘﺎب راﻫﻨﻤﺎ و ﺧﻮدآﻣﻮز زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ
اﻣﺮﻳﻜﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺶ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد.
ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ،ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ در آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﻫﺮ زﺑﺎن
ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ
ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ
ﻣﻮﺳﺲ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل
ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ :
15 ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده درس .2
ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ
20 ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺻﻔﺖ درس .3
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻗﻴﺪ
ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ زﻣﺎن
26 ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد canدر ﺑﻴﺎن ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻦ و اﻣﻜﺎن داﺷﺘﻦ درس .4
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد likeو would like
ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﻲ
ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ
ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ:
در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده
ﻧﻤﻮد :
?Do you speak English
Yes, I do.
?Does she speak English
Yes, she does.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻟﻐﺖ ﺑﻪ yﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ آن ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺣﺮوف ﺑﻴﺼﺪا
ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻓﺰودن y ، sﺑﻪ iesﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
family ► families nationality ► nationalities
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﺟﻤﻊ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه از ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻧﻜﺮده و ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ
آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
child ► children person ► people
11 American English File 1
Vocabulary
about a‧bout /əʹbaʊt/ درﺑﺎره
address ad‧dress /əʹdres/ آدرس
afternoon af‧ter‧noon /ͺæftərʹnuːn◂/ ﺑﻌﺪاز ﻇﻬﺮ
again a‧gain /əʹɡen/ ﻣﺠﺪدا
age age /eɪdʒ/ ﺳﻦ و ﺳﺎل
airport air‧port /ʹerpɔːrt/ ﻓﺮودﮔﺎه
answer an‧swer /ʹænsər/ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادن
ask ask /æsk/ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪن
Australia Aus‧tra‧li‧a /ɑːʹstreɪliə/ اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ
bike bike /baɪk/ دوﭼﺮﺧﻪ
bird bird /bɜːrd/ ﭘﺮﻧﺪه
board board /bɔːrd/ ﺳﻮار ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮاﭘﻴﻤﺎ ﺷﺪن
boot boot /buːt/ ﭼﻜﻤﻪ
boy boy /bɔɪ/ ﭘﺴﺮ
bull bull /bʊl/ ﮔﺎو ﻧﺮ
business busi‧ness /ʹbɪznəs/ ﺗﺠﺎرت
cafe ca·fé /kæʹfeɪ/ ﻗﻬﻮه
cat cat /kæt/ ﮔﺮﺑﻪ
chair chair /tʃer/ ﺻﻨﺪﻟﻲ
check check /tʃek/ ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮدن، ﭼﻚ
child child /tʃaɪld/ ﺑﭽﻪ
city cit‧y /ʹsɪti/ ﺷﻬﺮ
classroom class‧room /ʹklæsruːm/ ﻛﻼس درس
close close /kloʊz/ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ
com‧mu‧ni‧ca‧tion
communication ارﺗﺒﺎط
/kəͺmjuːnɪʹkeɪʃən/
computer com‧put‧er /kəmʹpjuːtər/ راﻳﺎﻧﻪ
country coun‧try /ʹkʌntri/ ﻳﻴﻼق، ﺷﻬﺮ
delicious de‧li‧cious /dɪʹlɪʃəs/ ﺧﻮﺷﻤﺰه
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 12
difference dif‧fe‧rence /ʹdɪfərəns/ ﺗﻔﺎوت
different dif‧fe‧rent /ʹdɪfərənt/ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت
door door /dɔːr/ درب
ear ear /ɪr/ ﮔﻮش
educate ed‧u‧cate /ʹedʒəkeɪt/ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻛﺮدن
e-mail e‧mail /ʹiːmeɪl/ ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ
evening eve‧ning /ʹiːvnɪŋ/ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ
every ev‧ery /ʹevri/ ﻫﺮ
eye eye /aɪ/ ﭼﺸﻢ
family fam‧i‧ly /ʹfæməli/ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده
famous fa‧mous /ʹfeɪməs/ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر
first first /fɜːrst/ اول
food food /fuːd/ ﻏﺬا
form form /fɔːrm/ ورﻗﻪ ﻓﺮم
Friday Fri‧day /ʹfraɪdeɪ/ ﺟﻤﻌﻪ
good good /ɡʊd/ ﺧﻮب
good-bye good‧bye /ɡʊdʹbaɪ/ ﺧﺪاﺣﺎﻓﻆ
guess guess /ɡes/ ﺣﺪس زدن
happy hap‧py /ʹhæpi/ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل
help help /help/ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﺮدن
hi hi /haɪ/ ﺳﻼم
horse horse /hɔːrs/ اﺳﺐ
hotel ho‧tel /hoʊʹtel/ ﻫﺘﻞ
house house /haʊs/ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ
important im‧por‧tant /ɪmʹpɔːrtənt/ ﻣﻬﻢ
instruction in‧struc‧tion /ɪnʹstrʌkʃən/ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ
in‧ter‧na‧tion‧al
international ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ
/ͺɪntərʹnæʃənəl◂/
Internet In‧ter‧net /ʹɪntərnet/ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ
judo ju‧do /ʹdʒuːdoʊ/ ورزش ﺟﻮدو
know know /noʊ/ داﻧﺴﺘﻦ
13 American English File 1
last last /læst/ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ
letter (A, B, …) let‧ter /ʹletər/ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺒﺎ
listen lis‧ten /ʹlɪsən/ ﮔﻮش دادن
look look /lʊk/ ﻧﮕﺎه ﻛﺮدن
man man /mæn/ ﻣﺮد
menu men‧u /ʹmenjuː/ (ﻣﻨﻮ)ي ﻏﺬا
Monday Mon‧day /ʹmʌndeɪ/ دوﺷﻨﺒﻪ
morning morn‧ing /ʹmɔːrnɪŋ/ ﺻﺒﺢ
music mu‧sic /ʹmjuːzɪk/ ﻣﻮزﻳﻚ
name name /neɪm/ ﻧﺎم
nice nice /naɪs/ زﻳﺒﺎ
number num·ber /ʹnʌmbər/ ﺷﻤﺎره
OK OK /ͺoʊ ʹkeɪ / ﺧﺐ
open o‧pen /ʹoʊpən/ ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن
people peo‧ple /ʹpiːpəl/ ﻣﺮدم
phone phone /foʊn/ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ
pizza piz‧za /ʹpiːtsə/ ﭘﻴﺘﺰا
please please /pliːz/ ﻟﻄﻔﺎ
pocket pock‧et /ʹpɑːkət/ ﺟﻴﺐ
point point /pɔɪnt/ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﻧﻜﺘﻪ
quiz quiz /kwɪz/ آزﻣﻮن
read read /riːd/ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن
remember re‧mem‧ber /rɪʹmembər/ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎد آوردن
repeat re‧peat /rɪʹpiːt/ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻛﺮدن
room room /ruːm/ اﻃﺎق
royal roy‧al /ʹrɔɪəl/ ﺷﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ، ﭘﺎدﺷﺎﻫﻲ
sandwich sand‧wich /ʹsændwɪtʃ/ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوﻳﭻ
Saturday Sat‧ur‧day /ʹsætərdeɪ/ ﺷﻨﺒﻪ
say say /seɪ/ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ
school school /skuːl/ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ
siesta si‧es‧ta /siʹestə/ ﺧﻮاب ﻧﻴﻤﺮوز
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 14
sit sit /sɪt/ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ
sorry sor‧ry /ʹsɑːri/ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻒ ﺑﻮدن
spell spell /spel/ ﻫﺠﻲ ﻛﺮدن
stand stand /stænd/ اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن
stress stress /stres/ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻛﺮدن، اﺳﺘﺮس دادن
Sunday Sun‧day /ʹsʌndeɪ/ ﻳﻜﺸﻨﺒﻪ
table ta‧ble /ʹteɪbəl/ ﺟﺪول
taxi tax‧i /ʹtæksi/ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻲ
thanks thanks /θæŋks/ ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺬاري
things thing /θɪŋ/ ﺷﻲء، ﭼﻴﺰ
think think /θɪŋk/ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻛﺮدن
Thursday Thurs‧day /ʹθɜːrz deɪ/ ﭘﻨﺠﺸﻨﺒﻪ
tourist tour‧ist /ʹtʊrɪst/ ﺗﻮرﻳﺴﺖ
town town /taʊn/ ﺷﻬﺮ
train train /treɪn/ ﻗﻄﺎر
travel trav‧el /ʹtrævəl/ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻛﺮدن
tree tree /triː/ درﺧﺖ
try try /traɪ/ اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻛﺮدن
Tuesday Tues‧day /ʹtuːzdeɪ/ ﺳﻪ ﺷﻨﺒﻪ
turn turn /tɜːrn/ دور زدن، ﮔﺮداﻧﺪن
un‧der‧stand
understand ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪن
/ͺʌndərʹstænd/
vacation va‧ca‧tion /vəɪʹkeɪʃən/ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻼت رﻓﺘﻦ، اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ
Wednesday Wednes‧day /ʹwenzdeɪ/ ﭼﻬﺎرﺷﻨﺒﻪ
window win‧dow /ʹwɪndoʊ/ ﭘﻨﺠﺮه
woman wom‧an /ʹwʊmən/ زن
word word /wɜːrd/ ﻟﻐﺖ
work work /wɜːrk/ ﻛﺎر ﻛﺮدن
worry wor‧ry /ʹwɜːri/ دﻟﻮاﭘﺴﻲ، ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻲ
write write /raɪt/ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ
zip code zip code /zɪp koʊd/ ﻛﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ
15 American English File 1
Unit 2
Grammar
ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده:
ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﻛﻪ در درﺳﻬﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ،اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده
ﺑﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ) sو ﻳﺎ (esﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺮف ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ) She worksاو ﻛﺎر
ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ(
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ s , x , o , ch , shﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد ،
ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آن esاﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
wash ► washes
teach ► teaches
dress ► dresses
fix ► fixes
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ yﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد y ،ﺣﺬف ﮔﺸﺘﻪ و
ﺑﺠﺎي آن iesﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل :
cry ► cries
try ► tries
study ► studies
worry ► worries
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :اﮔﺮ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي اﻓﻌﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ ay , oy , uyﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎم
اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن ،sﺑﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ .ﻣﺜﺎل :
stay ► stays
buy ► buys
enjoy ► enjoys
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 16
ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ:
از ‘sﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺴﺎن در ﺟﻤﻼت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ:
Ali’s book
ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻠﻲ
Mary’s mother
ﻣﺎدر ﻣﺮﻳﻢ
از ofﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ دو اﺳﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ اﺷﻴﺎء در ﺟﻤﻼت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ:
The window of the class
ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻛﻼس
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :در ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن ،ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ اﺳﻢ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﻜﺎر
رﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،از ‘ ﺑﺠﺎي ‘sاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
The students’ classroom
ﻛﻼس داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان
The children’s book
ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :در ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ از ‘sﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﻮق اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
Don’t step on the cat’s tail.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :در اﺗﺼﺎل اﺳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﺪ زﻣﺎن ﻳﺎ ﻃﻮل زﻣﺎن ،از ‘sاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
Today’s news
Tomorrow’s newspaper
Next week’s meeting
Monday’s show
It’s only about ten minutes’ walk.
Julia has got a week’s holiday starting on Monday.
17 American English File 1
Vocabulary
artist art‧ist /ʹɑːrtɪst/ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ
bag bag /bæɡ/ ﻛﻴﻒ
band band /bænd/ ﻧﻮار، ﺑﺎﻧﺪ
between be‧tween /bɪʹtwiːn/ درﻣﻴﺎن
boy boy /bɔɪ/ ﭘﺴﺮ
bus bus /bʌs/ اﺗﻮﺑﻮس
car car /kɑːr/ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ
chess chess /tʃes/ ﺷﻄﺮﻧﺞ
college col‧lege /ʹkɑːlɪdʒ/ ﻛﺎﻟﺞ
company com‧pa‧ny /ʹkʌmpəni/ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ، ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻲ
cook cook /kʊk/ ﻏﺬا ﭘﺨﺘﻦ
designer de‧sign‧er /dɪʹzaɪnər/ ﻃﺮاح
do do /duː/ اﻧﺠﺎم دادن
dog dog /dɒːɡ/ ﺳﮓ
double doub‧le /ʹdʌbəl/ دوﺑﻞ ، دوﺑﺮاﺑﺮ
drink drink /drɪŋk/ ﻧﻮﺷﻴﺪن
earn earn /ɜːrn/ درآﻣﺪ داﺷﺘﻦ ، ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن
eat eat /iːt/ ﻏﺬا ﺧﻮردن
elevator el‧e‧va‧tor /ʹelɪveɪtər/ آﺳﺎﻧﺴﻮر
every ev‧ery /ʹevri/ ﻫﺮ
everywhere ev‧ery‧where /ʹevriwer/ ﻫﺮﺟﺎ
factory fac‧to‧ry /ʹfæktəri/ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ
fantastic fan‧tas‧tic /fænʹtæstɪk/ ﺧﺎرق اﻟﻌﺎده
flower flow‧er /ʹflaʊər/ ﮔﻞ
friend friend /frend/ دوﺳﺖ
girl girl /ɡɜːrl/ دﺧﺘﺮ
glass (of water) glass /ɡlæs/ (ﻟﻴﻮان )آب
go go /ɡoʊ/ رﻓﺘﻦ
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 18
hamburger ham‧burg‧er /ʹhæmbɜːrɡər/ ﻫﻤﺒﺮﮔﺮ
hand hand /hænd/ دﺳﺖ
hat hat /hæt/ ﻛﻼه
have have /hæv/ داﺷﺘﻦ
hurry hur‧ry /ʹhɜːri/ ﻋﺠﻠﻪ ﻛﺮدن
in‧cred‧i‧ble
incredible ﺑﺎور ﻧﻜﺮدﻧﻲ
/ɪnʹkredəbəl /
inside in‧side /ɪnʹsaɪd/ درون
jazz jazz /dʒæz/ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﺟﺎز
judge judge /dʒʌdʒ/ ﻗﻀﺎوت ﻛﺮدن
just (= only) just /dʒʌst/ ﻓﻘﻂ
language lan‧guage /ʹlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ زﺑﺎن
late late /leɪt/ دﻳﺮ ﻛﺮدن
later lat‧er /ʹleɪtər/ ﺑﻌﺪي
leg leg /leɡ/ ﭘﺎ
like like /laɪk/ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻮدن، دوﺳﺖ داﺷﺘﻦ
live live /lɪv/ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﺮدن
lonely lone‧ly /ʹloʊnli/ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ
love love /lʌv/ ﻋﺸﻖ ورزﻳﺪن
make make /meɪk/ وادار ﻛﺮدن، درﺳﺖ ﻛﺮدن
many man‧y /ʹmeni/ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ
monkey mon‧key /ʹmʌŋki/ ﻣﻴﻤﻮن
normally nor‧mal‧ly /ʹnɔːrməli/ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ
north north /nɔːrθ/ ﺷﻤﺎل
nose nose /noʊz/ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ
oc‧cu‧pa‧tion
occupation اﺷﺘﻐﺎل داﺷﺘﻦ، ﺣﺮﻓﻪ
/ͺɑːkjʊʹpeɪʃən/
other oth‧er /ʹʌðər/ دﻳﮕﺮي، ﻏﻴﺮ
outside out‧side /aʊtʹsaɪd/ ﺑﻴﺮون
parrot par‧rot /ʹpærət/ ﻃﻮﻃﻲ
pay pay /peɪ/ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻛﺮدن
19 American English File 1
person per‧son /ʹpɜːrsən / ﺷﺨﺺ
pet pet /pet/ ﺣﻴﻮان ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ
popular pop‧u‧lar /ʹpɒpjʊlər/ ﻣﺮدم ﭘﺴﻨﺪ، ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ
possession pos‧ses‧sion /pəʹzeʃən/ داراﻳﻲ
really real‧ly /ʹrɪəli/ واﻗﻌﺎ
reception re‧cep‧tion /rɪʹsepʃən/ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻧﻲ، ﭘﺬﻳﺮاﻳﻲ
relative rel‧a‧tive /ʹrelətɪv/ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﻲ
relax re‧lax /rɪʹlæks/ رﻳﻠﻜﺲ ﻛﺮدن
shoe shoe /ʃuː/ ﻛﻔﺶ
singer sing‧er /ʹsɪŋər/ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪه
single sin‧gle /ʹsɪŋɡəl/ ﻣﺠﺮد، ﻣﻨﻔﺮد
snake snake /sneɪk/ ﻣﺎر
spend (money) spend /spend/ )ﭘﻮل( ﺧﺮج ﻛﺮدن
stand stand /stænd/ اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن
stressful stress‧ful /ʹstresfəl/ ﭘﺮ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ
su‧per‧mar‧ket
supermarket ﺳﻮﭘﺮﻣﺎرﻛﺖ
/ʹsuːpərͺmɑːrkət/
terrible ter‧ri‧ble /ʹterəbəl / ﺗﺮﺳﻨﺎك، وﺣﺸﺘﻨﺎك
thumb thumb /θʌm/ اﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﺼﺖ
tie tie /taɪ/ ﻛﺮاوات
together to‧geth‧er /təʹɡeðər/ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ
too too /tuː/ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺧﻴﻠﻲ زﻳﺎد
typical typ‧i‧cal /ʹtɪpɪkəl/ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ
vase vase /veɪs/ ﮔﻠﺪان
weekend week‧end /ʹwiːkend/ آﺧﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ
Which? which /wɪtʃ/ ﻛﺪاﻣﻴﻚ؟
Who? who /huː/ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ؟
witch witch /wɪtʃ/ ﺳﺎﺣﺮه، ﺟﺎدوﮔﺮ
yacht yacht /jɑːt/ ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ، ﻛﺮﺟﻲ
zebra ze‧bra /ʹziːbrə/ ﮔﻮرﺧﺮ
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 20
Unit 3
Grammar
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺻﻔﺖ:
ﺻﻔﺖ در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﻢ و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ آن ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ
ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻔﺮد در ﺟﻤﻼت ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
rich:
She’s rich. She’s a rich woman.
old:
It’s old. It’s an old car.
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻗﻴﺪ :
ﻗﻴﺪ در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل :
You speak English well.
ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻲ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻗﻴﺪ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ و ﭘﺲ از ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ در ﺟﻤﻼت ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد.
ﻣﺜﺎل:
I sometimes read the newspaper in the morning.
I don’t always have breakfast.
?Does he often work on Friday
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :اﮔﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ to beﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻗﻴﺪ ﺗﻜﺮار ﭘﺲ از آن ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ .ﻣﺜﺎل:
He is usually in his office at 9 a.m.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻗﻴﺪ neverدر ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
He doesn’t never watch TV.
► He never watches TV.
ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ atﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺷﺐ،ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺐ ،ﻇﻬﺮ ،ﺳﭙﻴﺪه دم و ...ﺑﻜﺎر
ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ:
at night, at midnight, at noon, at dawn, at midday, at sunrise,
at 10 a.m.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :در ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ،ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ در ﺟﻤﻼت ذﻛﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد:
tonight, tomorrow, last week, this morning, every day
23 American English File 1
Vocabulary
(un)healthy un‧health‧y /ʌnʹhelθi/ )ﻧﺎ( ﺳﺎﻟﻢ
(un)usual un‧u‧su‧al /ʌnʹjuːʒuəl / )ﻏﻴﺮ( ﻣﻌﻤﻮل
active ac‧tive /ʹæktɪv/ ﻓﻌﺎل
after after /æftər/ ﺑﻌﺪ از
airline air‧line /ʹerlaɪn/ ﺧﻂ ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ
all all /ɒːl/ ﻫﻤﻪ
also al‧so /ʹɒːlsoʊ/ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ
always al‧ways /ʹɒːlwɪz/ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ
another an‧oth‧er /əʹnʌðər/ دﻳﮕﺮي
babysit ba‧by‧sit /ʹbeɪbisɪt/ از ﺑﭽﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻛﺮدن
beach beach /biːtʃ/ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ
because be‧cause /bɪʹkɒːz/ زﻳﺮا
before be‧fore /bɪʹfɔːr/ ﻗﺒﻞ از
birthday birth‧day /ʹbɜrːθdeɪ/ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ
brownie brown‧ie /ʹbraʊni/ ﻧﺎن ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻨﻲ
busy bus‧y /ʹbɪzi/ ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻮدن
cafeteria caf‧e‧te‧ri‧a /ͺkæfəʹtɪriə/ ﻛﺎﻓﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﺎ
cappuccino cap‧puc‧ci‧no /ͺkæpəʹtʃiːnoʊ/ ﻛﺎﭘﻮﭼﻴﻨﻮ
change change /tʃeɪndʒ/ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ دادن
clothes clothes /kloʊðz/ ﻟﺒﺎس، ﺟﺎﻣﻪ
cold cold /koʊld/ ﺳﺮد
comfortable com‧fort‧a‧ble /ʹkʌmftəbəl/ راﺣﺖ
continue con‧tin‧ue /kənʹtɪnjuː/ اداﻣﻪ دادن
cookie cook‧ie /ʹkʊki/ ﻛﻠﻮﭼﻪ
cup (of coffee) cup /kʌp/ (ﻓﻨﺠﺎن )ﻗﻬﻮه
cut cut /kʌt/ ﺑﺮﻳﺪن
day day /deɪ/ روز
diet di‧et /ʹdaɪət/ رژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 24
during dur‧ing /ʹdʊrɪŋ/ در ﻣﺪت
energy en‧er‧gy /ʹenərdʒi/ اﻧﺮژي
enjoy en‧joy /ɪnʹdʒɔɪ/ ﻟﺬت ﺑﺮدن
enthusiastic en‧thu‧si‧as‧tic /ɪnͺθuːziʹæstɪk◂/ ﻣﺸﺘﺎق، ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪ
espresso es‧pres‧so /eʹspresoʊ/ اﺳﭙﺮﺳﻮ
expert ex‧pert /ʹekspɜːrt/ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ
far far /fɑːr/ دور
favorite fa‧vo‧rite /ʹfeɪvərət/ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪه، ﻣﻄﻠﻮب
feel feel /fiːl/ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻛﺮدن
fruit fruit /fruːt/ ﻣﻴﻮه
good-looking ͺgood-ʹlooking ﺧﻮش ﻣﻨﻈﺮ
guide guide /ɡaɪd/ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺮدن
hair hair /her/ ﻣﻮ
hardly hard‧ly /ʹhɑːrdli/ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ
holiday hol‧i‧day /ʹhɑːlədeɪ/ روز ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ
hot hot /hɑːt/ داغ
hour hour /aʊr/ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ
hungry hun‧gry /ʹhʌŋɡri/ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﻪ
invite in‧vite /ɪnʹvaɪt/ دﻋﻮت ﻛﺮدن
island is‧land /ʹaɪlənd/ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه
jeans jeans /dʒiːnz/ ﻟﺒﺎس ﺟﻴﻦ
jogging jog‧ging /ʹdʒɑːɡɪŋ/ آﻫﺴﺘﻪ دوﻳﺪن، ﺗﻨﺪ راه رﻓﺘﻦ
mile mile /maɪl/ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ
minute min‧ute /ʹmɪnət/ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ
month month /mʌnθ/ (ﻣﺎه )در ﺳﺎل
moon moon /muːn/ (ﻣﺎه )در آﺳﻤﺎن
more more /mɔːr/ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ
never nev‧er /ʹnevər/ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ
often of‧ten /ʹɒːfən/ اﻏﻠﺐ
personal per‧son‧al /ʹpɜːrsənəl/ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ
pick up 'pick-up ﻛﻨﺪن، ﺳﻮار ﻛﺮدن
25 American English File 1
president pres‧i‧dent /ʹprezədənt / رﻳﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮر، رﻳﻴﺲ
pretty pret‧ty /ʹprɪti/ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ زﻳﺒﺎ
transportation trans‧por‧ta‧tion /ͺtrænspərʹteɪʃən/ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ
resolution res‧o‧lu‧tion /ͺrezəʹluːʃən/ ﻗﺼﺪ ، ﻋﺰم
ride ride /raɪd/ ﺳﻮار ﺷﺪن
sad sad /sæd/ ﻧﺎراﺣﺖ
same same /seɪm/ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر
season sea‧son /ʹsiːzən/ ﻓﺼﻞ
second sec‧ond /ʹsekənd/ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ، دوم
separate sep‧a‧rate /ʹsepərət / ﺟﺪا ﻛﺮدن
sick sick /sɪk/ ﺑﻴﻤﺎر
sometimes some‧times /ʹsʌmtaɪmz/ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ اوﻗﺎت
sunset sun‧set /ʹsʌnset/ ﻏﺮوب آﻓﺘﺎب
temperature tem‧pera‧ture /ʹtemprətʃər / درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت، دﻣﺎ
then then /ðen/ ﺳﭙﺲ ، ﭘﺲ از آن
thirsty thirst‧y /ʹθɜːrsti/ ﺗﺸﻨﻪ
tired tired /taɪrd/ ﺧﺴﺘﻪ
traditional tra‧di‧tion‧al /trəʹdɪʃənəl/ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ
until un‧til /ʌnʹtɪl/ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ
unusual un‧u‧su‧al /ʌnʹjuːʒuəl/ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل
usually u‧su‧al‧ly /ʹjuːʒuəli/ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ
vegetable vege‧ta‧ble /ʹvedʒtəbəl/ ﺳﺒﺰي، ﮔﻴﺎه
want want /wɑːnt/ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻦ
week week /wiːk/ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 26
Unit 4
Grammar
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد canدر ﺑﻴﺎن ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻦ و اﻣﻜﺎن داﺷﺘﻦ :
canﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )اﻣﻜﺎن داﺷﺘﻦ و ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻦ( در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﻣﺜﺎل :
I can speak English.
ﻣﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻢ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻢ.
We can run fast.
ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺪوﻳﻢ.
در اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر canﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ not
را ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ canرا ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ
ﺑﻴﺎورﻳﻢ) .ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ can'tﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺨﻔﻒ can notﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(.
ﻣﺜﺎل :
I can't speak Russian.
?Can we skate
No, you can’t.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ can :ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم )اﺟﺎزه داﺷﺘﻦ( ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود و در درﺳﻬﺎي
آﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ آن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ آﺷﻨﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ.
couldﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ canﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻦ در زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ
رود .ﻣﺜﺎل:
I could swim.
We couldn’t swim.
?Could he swim
27 American English File 1
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ couldﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن اﻣﻜﺎن داﺷﺘﻦ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود.
ﻣﺜﺎل:
We could go to the cinema tonight.
We could play tennis.
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد likeو : would like
از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ likeﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺣﺎﻟﺖ –ingدار ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن اﻣﻮري ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ
ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪه دﻟﭙﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
I like swimming.
They don’t like swimming.
?Does he like swimming
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻋﺒﺎرت I like … ingﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﺎر دﻟﭙﺬﻳﺮ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
درﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت I like to … ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن اﻣﻮري ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮده وﻟﻲ در ﺣﺎل
ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪه ﭼﻨﺪان ﻫﻢ دﻟﭙﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﻣﺜﺎل:
It’s not my favourite job, but I like to clean the kitchen as often
as possible.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻓﻌﻞ ownﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ )دارا ﺑﻮدن و داﺷﺘﻦ( ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮ
ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل :
اﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﺎل ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ This pen is mine.
اﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﻢ داراﻳﻲ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ I own this pen.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ .ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ واﺣﺪي ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ .
I own this pen. This pen is mine. This is my pen.
29 American English File 1
Vocabulary
(pop) star star /stɑːr/ (ﺳﺘﺎره )ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﭘﺎپ
(TV) channel chan‧nel /ʹtʃænl/ (ﻛﺎﻧﺎل )ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ
ad‧ver‧tise‧ment
advertisement ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎت
/ͺædvərʹtaɪzmənt/
athletic ath‧let‧ic /æθʹletɪk/ ورزﺷﻲ
boil boil /bɔɪl/ ﺟﻮﺷﻴﺪن
can can /kæn/ ﻗﻮﻃﻲ ﻛﻨﺴﺮو، ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻦ
concert con‧cert /ʹkɑːnsərt/ ﻛﻨﺴﺮت
creative cre‧a‧tive /kriʹeɪtɪv/ ﺧﻼق
decide de‧cide /dɪʹsaɪd/ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ
die die /daɪ/ ﻣﺮدن
download down‧load /ʹdaʊnloʊd/ داﻧﻠﻮد ﻛﺮدن
DVD DVD /ͺdiː viː ʹdiː/ دي وي دي
everything ev‧ery‧thing /ʹevriθɪŋ/ ﻫﺮﭼﻴﺰ
fall in love fall in love ﻋﺎﺷﻖ ﺷﺪن
follow fol‧low /ʹfɑːloʊ/ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻛﺮدن
forget for‧get /fərʹɡet/ ﻓﺮاﻣﻮش ﻛﺮدن
(get) angry an‧gry /ʹæŋɡri/ ﻋﺼﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪن
(get) married mar‧ried /ʹmærid/ ازدواج ﻛﺮدن
go out go out ﺑﻴﺮون رﻓﺘﻦ
group group /ɡruːp/ ﮔﺮوه
guitar gui‧tar /ɡɪʹtɑːr/ ﮔﻴﺘﺎر
hate hate /heɪt/ ﻣﺘﻨﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدن
head head /hed/ ﺳﺮ
hobby hob‧by /ʹhɑːbi/ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺢ
impossible im‧pos‧si‧ble /ɪmʹpɑːsəbəl/ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ
intelligent in‧tel‧li‧gent /ɪnʹtelədʒənt / ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ
interesting in‧terest‧ing /ʹɪntrəstɪŋ/ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ
jacket jack‧et /ʹdʒækət/ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ، ژاﻛﺖ
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 30
life (pl. lives) life /laɪf/ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ
(love) affair af‧fair /əʹfer/ (راﺑﻄﻪ )ﻋﺸﻘﻲ
lyrics lyrics /ʹlɪr.ɪks/ اﺷﻌﺎر
map map /mæp/ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ
(musical)
in‧stru‧ment /ʹɪnstrʊmənt/ (ﻟﻮازم و اﺑﺰار )ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ
instrument
need need /niːd/ ﻧﻴﺎز داﺷﺘﻦ
pants pants /pænts/ زﻳﺮ ﺷﻠﻮاري
possibly pos‧si‧bly /ʹpɑːsəbli/ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ
practical prac‧ti‧cal /ʹpræktɪkəl/ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ
present pres‧ent /ʹprezənt/ اراﻳﻪ، ﻫﺪﻳﻪ
program pro‧gram /ʹproʊɡræm/ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ
sell sell /sel/ ﻓﺮوﺧﺘﻦ
shirt shirt /ʃɜːrt/ ﭘﻴﺮاﻫﻦ
shop shop /ʃɑːp/ ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎه
similar sim‧i‧lar /ʹsɪmɪlər/ ﻫﻤﺴﺎن، ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ
slowly slow‧ly /ʹsloʊli/ ﺑﻪ آراﻣﻲ
some some /sʌm/ ﺗﻌﺪادي
spectator (sport) spec‧ta‧tor /ʹspekteɪtər/ (ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﮔﺮ )ورزﺷﻲ
sport sport /spɔːrt/ ورزش
stay stay /steɪ/ ﻣﺎﻧﺪن
still still /stɪl/ آرام و ﺳﺎﻛﻦ، ﻫﻨﻮز
store store /stɔːr/ ﻣﻐﺎزه
story sto‧ry /ʹstɔːri/ داﺳﺘﺎن
sweater sweat‧er /ʹswetər/ ژاﻛﺖ، ﭘﻠﻴﻮر
today to‧day /təʹdeɪ/ اﻣﺮوز
tonight to‧night /təʹnaɪt/ اﻣﺸﺐ
toy toy /tɔɪ/ اﺳﺒﺎب ﺑﺎزي
try try /traɪ/ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻛﺮدن
waste waste /weɪst/ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻛﺮدن
without with‧out /wɪθʹaʊt/ ﺑﺪون
31 American English File 1
Unit 5
Grammar
زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده:
زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻓﻌﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎده و ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ
ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺜﺎل :
I worked yesterday.
ﻣﻦ دﻳﺮوز ﻛﺎر ﻛﺮدم.
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ:
ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ‐edﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ
ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ :
rain ► rained
work ► worked
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ eﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ،
اﻓﺰودن ‐dﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آن ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺜﺎل :
exercise ► exercised
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ yﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻗﺒﻞ از yﺣﺮف ﺑﻴﺼﺪا وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ y ،ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺠﺎي آن -iedﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ :
study ► studied
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ yﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻗﺒﻞ از yﺣﺮف ﺻﺪادار وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ
ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻋﺎدي -yedﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ :
play ► played
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 32
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :اﮔﺮ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺪا دار ) (a, e, i, o, uﺧﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﻮد وﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ آن
ﺣﺮف ﺻﺪا دار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪن -edﺣﺮف آﺧﺮ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ :
stop ► stopped
ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻤﻼت زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده :
ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻼت ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺼﻮرت
ﻓﺎﻋﻞ +ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن did
ﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ و ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ :
?Did you watch TV last night
ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن didn'tﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ و ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ
اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ :
I didn't watch TV last night.
ﺑﻪ اﻓﻌﺎﻟﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ didﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .اﻳﻦ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ .
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ از ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ didدر اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاي
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ و از ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ didn'tﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ
ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت be
) (was / wereﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺟﻤﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻲ و ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از didو didn'tو
ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﻣﺜﺎل:
I was late.
I wasn’t late.
?Was I late
ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از :
اﻧﺠﺎم دادن do ► did داﺷﺘﻦ have ► had رﻓﺘﻦ go ► went
ﺧﻮردن eat ► ateآﻣﺪن come ► came ﭘﺮواز ﻛﺮدن fly ► flew
دادن give ► gaveﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن get ► got ﺳﻮار ﺷﺪن ride ► rode
ﮔﻔﺘﻦ say ► said دﻳﺪن see ► saw ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ sit ► sat
اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن stand ► stood ﺗﺮك ﻛﺮدن leave ► left
ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ – ﺑﺮدن take ► took راﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﺮدن drive ► drove
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 34
Vocabulary
(on the) left left /left/ )در ﺳﻤﺖ( ﭼﭗ
against a‧gainst /əʹɡenst/ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ
already al‧read‧y /ɒːlʹredi/ ﻗﺒﻼ، ﭘﻴﺶ از اﻳﻦ
arrive ar‧rive /əʹraɪv/ رﺳﻴﺪن
asleep a‧sleep /əʹsliːp/ ﺧﻮاﺑﻴﺪه
battery bat‧ter‧y /ʹbætəri/ ﺑﺎﺗﺮي
battle bat‧tle /ʹbætl/ ﺟﻨﮕﻴﺪن، رزم
book (a ticket) book /bʊk/ )ﺑﻠﻴﻂ( رزرو ﻛﺮدن
composer com‧pos‧er /kəmʹpoʊzər/ آﻫﻨﮕﺴﺎز، ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه
dead dead /ded/ ﻣﺮده
dress dress /dres/ ﻟﺒﺎس
especially es‧pe‧cial‧ly /ɪʹspeʃəli/ ﺑﻮﻳﮋه
everybody ev‧ery‧bod‧y /ʹevribɑːdi/ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﺲ
fashion fash‧ion /ʹfæʃən/ ﻣﺪ
flight flight /flaɪt/ ﭘﺮواز
great (= fantastic) great /ɡreɪt/ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ
happen hap‧pen /ʹhæpən/ روي دادن
land land /lænd/ ﺑﻪ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ
leader lead‧er /ʹliːdər/ رﻫﺒﺮ
leave leave /liːv/ ﺗﺮك ﻛﺮدن
library li‧bra‧ry /ʹlaɪbreri/ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ
literature lit‧e‧ra‧ture /ʹlɪtərətʃʊr/ ادﺑﻴﺎت
lucky luck‧y /ʹlʌki/ ﺧﻮش اﻗﺒﺎل
makeup ʹmake-up /ʹmeɪkʌp/ آراﻳﺶ ﻛﺮدن
mansion man‧sion /ʹmænʃən/ ﻋﻤﺎرت ﺑﺰرگ، ﻛﺎخ
memory card 'memory card ﻛﺎرت ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ
millionaire mil‧lion‧aire /ͺmɪljəʹner/ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻧﺮ
mug mug /mʌɡ/ ﻟﻴﻮان
35 American English File 1
murder mur‧der /ʹmɜːrdər/ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن، ﻛﺸﺘﻦ
nobody no‧bod‧y /ʹnoʊbɑːdi/ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ
open / close o‧pen /ʹoʊpən/ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ/ ﺑﺎز ﻛﺮدن
painter paint‧er /ʹpeɪntər/ ﻧﻘﺎش
pay (for) pay /peɪ/ (ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻛﺮدن )ﺑﺮاي
pianist pi‧a‧nist /piʹænəst/ ﻧﻮازﻧﺪه ﭘﻴﺎﻧﻮ
pie pie /paɪ/ ﻛﻠﻮﭼﻪ ﭘﺎي
politician pol‧i‧ti‧cian /ͺpɑːləʹtɪʃən/ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﺪار
postcard post‧card /ʹpoʊstkɑːrd/ ﻛﺎرت ﭘﺴﺘﺎل
sailor sail‧or /ʹseɪlər/ درﻳﺎﻧﻮرد
scientist sci‧en‧tist /ʹsaɪəntɪst/ داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ
show show /ʃoʊ/ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ
so so /soʊ/ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ
soldier sol‧dier /ʹsoʊldʒər/ ﺳﺮﺑﺎز
somebody some‧bod‧y /ʹsʌmbɑːdi/ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺨﺺ، ﻛﺴﻲ
statue stat‧ue /ʹstætʃuː/ ﺗﻨﺪﻳﺲ، ﻣﺠﺴﻤﻪ
teenager teen‧ag‧er /ʹtiːneɪdʒər/ ﻧﻮﺟﻮان
trip trip /trɪp/ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻛﺮدن
T-shirt T-shirt /ʹtiːʃɜːrt/ ﺗﻴﺸﺮت
village vil‧lage /ʹvɪlɪdʒ/ دﻫﻜﺪه ، روﺳﺘﺎ
wait wait /weɪt/ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺷﺪن
war war /wɔːr/ ﺟﻨﮓ
world world /wɜːrld/ دﻧﻴﺎ
worried wor‧ried /ʹwɜːrid/ ﻧﮕﺮان و ﻧﺎراﺣﺖ
writer writ‧er /ʹraɪtər/ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 36
Unit 6
Grammar
زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري:
ﻓﻌﻞ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري روﻳﺪادي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﺣﺎل وﻗﻮع ﺑﻮده و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ
ﺗﻜﺮار ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺜﺎل :
I am smoking now.
ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﻦ دارم ﺳﻴﮕﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻢ.
ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻮق اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺳﻴﮕﺎر ﻛﺸﻴﺪن در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ .در ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ
I smoke a cigaretteﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻋﺎدت ﺳﻴﮕﺎر ﻛﺸﻴﺪن اﺳﺖ) .ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ﺳﻴﮕﺎر ﻣﻲ
ﻛﺸﻢ(
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻼت ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ:
+ ing ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ +am,is,are +ﻓﺎﻋﻞ
ﻣﺜﺎل:
I am wearing jeans.
You are walking to work.
It is working.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري ،ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ﭘﺲ از اﻓﻌﺎل
am,is,areاز واژه notاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻼت ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ آوردن
am,is,areﺑﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﻣﺜﺎل :
I am not wearing jeans.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :اﻓﻌﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺼﻮرت اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري ) ingدار( ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
ﻣﺜﺎل:
I feel cold.
I see her.
David likes art and music.
Phil and Julie have three children.
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 38
Vocabulary
across (from) a‧cross /əʹkrɒːs/ از اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮف ﺑﻪ آن ﻃﺮف، از وﺳﻂ
argue ar‧gue /ʹɑːrɡjuː/ ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻣﺸﺎﺟﺮه
around a‧round /əʹraʊnd/ در اﻃﺮاف
available a‧vail‧a‧ble /əʹveɪləbəl/ در دﺳﺘﺮس
baby ba‧by /ʹbeɪbi/ ﻃﻔﻞ
bark bark /bɑːrk/ ﭘﺎرس ﻛﺮدن
behind be‧hind /bɪʹhaɪnd/ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺗﺮ، ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ
believe be‧lieve /bəʹliːv/ اﻋﺘﻘﺎد داﺷﺘﻦ
building build‧ing /ʹbɪldɪŋ/ ﻋﻤﺎرت، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن
busy bus‧y /ʹbɪzi/ اﺷﻐﺎل، ﻣﺸﻐﻮل
cemetery cem‧e‧tery /ʹsemɪteri/ آراﻣﮕﺎه، ﮔﻮرﺳﺘﺎن
century cen‧tu‧ry /ʹsentʃəri/ ﻗﺮن
choose choose /tʃuːz/ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮدن
corner cor‧ner /ʹkɔːrnər/ ﻛﻨﺞ، ﮔﻮﺷﻪ
cry cry /kraɪ/ ﮔﺮﻳﻪ ﻛﺮدن
daily dai‧ly /ʹdeɪli/ روزاﻧﻪ
draw draw /drɒː/ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن
friendly friend‧ly /ʹfrendli/ دوﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ
frightened fright‧ened /ʹfraɪtnd/ وﺣﺸﺖ زده
ghost ghost /ɡoʊst/ ﺷﺒﺢ، روح
go back go back ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺘﻦ
guest guest /ɡest/ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎن
horror movie ʹhorror ͺmovie ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺗﺮﺳﻨﺎك
in advance in advance ﭘﻴﺸﺎﭘﻴﺶ
large large /lɑːrdʒ/ ﺑﺰرگ
line line /laɪn/ ﺧﻂ
local lo‧cal /ʹloʊkəl/ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ
move move /muːv/ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن، ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮدن
39 American English File 1
neighbor neighbor /ʹneɪbər/ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ
nervous ner‧vous /ʹnɜːrvəs/ دﺳﺘﭙﺎﭼﻪ، ﻋﺼﺒﻲ
next to ʹnext to ﺟﻨﺐ، ﻛﻨﺎر
noisy nois‧y /ʹnɔɪzi/ ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا
original o‧rig‧i‧nal /əʹrɪdʒənəl/ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ، اﺻﻴﻞ
over over /oʊvər/ در ﺑﺎﻻي، روي
painting paint‧ing /ʹpeɪntɪŋ/ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ
passenger pas‧sen‧ger /ʹpæsəndʒər/ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ
plant plant /plænt/ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻦ، ﮔﻴﺎه
price price /praɪs/ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ، ارزش
priest priest /priːst/ روﺣﺎﻧﻲ، ﻛﺸﻴﺶ
quiet qui‧et /ʹkwaɪət/ آرام و ﺑﻲ ﺻﺪا
real estate agent ʹreal estate ͺagent آژاﻧﺲ اﻣﻼك و ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻼت
remote control reͺmote conʹtrol ﻛﻨﺘﺮل از راه دور
rent rent /rent/ اﺟﺎره ﻛﺮدن
ship ship /ʃɪp/ ﻛﺸﺘﻲ
spend (the night) spend /spend/ )ﺷﺐ را( ﮔﺬراﻧﺪن
straight straight /streɪt/ رك و راﺳﺖ، ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ
strange strange /streɪndʒ/ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ، ﻏﺮﻳﺐ
subway sub‧way /ʹsʌbweɪ/ ﻣﺘﺮو، ﺗﺮن زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ
traffic lights ʹtraffic ͺlights ﭼﺮاغ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ
trip trip /trɪp/ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮت
under under /ʌndər/ در زﻳﺮ
view view /vjuː/ ﻣﻨﻈﺮه، دﻳﺪن
violin vi‧o‧lin /ͺvaɪəʹlɪn/ وﻳﻮﻟﻦ
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 40
Unit 7
Grammar
اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش:
اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﺎب ،ﻣﻴﺰ
و ...اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ) sو ﻳﺎ (esﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ books , tables :
اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آب ،ﻧﻤﻚ،
ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎت و ...اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻔﺮد در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ
ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻴﻢ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ را ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﻤﻊ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺒﺮﻳﻢ از ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ
ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ،ﻟﻴﻮان ،ﻛﻴﻠﻮ و ...ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع اﺳﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ.
ﻣﺜﺎل :
دو ﻟﻴﻮان آب two glasses of water
دو ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ two kilos of rice
ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻧﺎن three pieces of bread
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻓﻌﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ،ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻔﺮد در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﻣﺜﺎل:
Fat isn’t good for you.
ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻤﺎ ﺧﻮب ﻧﻴﺴﺖ.
Mathematics is my favorite subject.
رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺖ.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش از a, anاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد .وﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از
theﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺷﻴﺎي ﺧﺎﺻﻲ اﺷﺎره ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪthe water :
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد : some, any
someﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﺗﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻘﺪاري ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ
ﺷﻤﺎرش در ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﻣﺜﺎل:
41 American English File 1
I’ve got some oranges.
ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺪادي ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎل دارم.
I’ve got some water.
ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪاري آب دارم.
از آﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ someﺗﻨﻬﺎ در ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ،ﺑﺠﺎي آن در ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و
ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ از anyاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
I haven’t got any apples.
ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﻧﺪارم.
?Have you got any bread
آﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺪاري ﻧﺎن دارﻳﺪ؟
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ some ،و anyﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش و
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد : much, many, a lot of
muchﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺪار زﻳﺎد ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش و در ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و
ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﻣﺜﺎل:
?How much water is there
There isn’t much water.
manyﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎد ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺟﻤﻊ و در ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و
ﺳﻮاﻟﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﻣﺜﺎل:
?How many oranges are there
There aren’t many eggs.
a lot ofﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﺪاد و ﻣﻘﺪار زﻳﺎد ﺑﺠﺎي muchو manyﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺎﻣﻲ
ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش و در ﺟﻤﻼت ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﻣﺜﺎل:
There are a lot of oranges.
There is a lot of water.
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 42
ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري در آﻳﻨﺪه ﺳﺎده:
از ﺟﻤﻼت ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاري ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﻌﻞ در زﻣﺎن آﻳﻨﺪه
ﺳﺎده اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل:
I am working tomorrow.
You are taking a day off next week.
He is leaving tonight.
We are meeting him for lunch.
They are going home after the lesson.
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻓﺰودن ‐erﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎي ﺗﻚ ﺳﻴﻼﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮف اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻲ
ﺻﺪا ﺑﻮده و ﺣﺮف ﻣﺎﻗﺒﻞ آﺧﺮ ﺻﺪادار اﺳﺖ ،ﺣﺮف اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ:
bigger , fatter , hotter
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ the :در ﺟﻤﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ
ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود .ﻣﺜﺎل :
ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﻮاﻧﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﭽﻪ اﺳﺖ Ali is the youngest child.
47 American English File 1
ﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﻼﺑﻲ :
در ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎي دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﻼﺑﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ، beautifulﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن mostﺑﻪ
اﺑﺘﺪاي ﻟﻐﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﺜﺎل :
Isfahan is the most beautiful city in Iran.
اﺻﻔﻬﺎن زﻳﺒﺎﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ :ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد دﻳﮕﺮ زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎﻣﻞ در ﺟﻤﻼﺗﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺷﺮوع
ﺷﺪه و اﺛﺮ آن ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻣﺜﺎل :
I haven't gone there.
ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ آﻧﺠﺎ ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ ام
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 52
ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮم ﻓﻌﻞ) اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل( :
اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮم اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ‐edﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ زﻣﺎن
ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده( ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ .درﺧﺼﻮص اﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮم آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻗﺎﻋﺪه
ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻧﻜﺮده و ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد .ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮم ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از اﻓﻌﺎل
ﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ:
have ► had go ► gone see ► seen
begin ► begun sing ► sung do ► done
take ► taken draw ► drawn
choose ► chosen forget ► forgotten
55 American English File 1
Topic wordlist
Numbers Countries and nationalities
one Argentina
two Argentinian
three Brazil
four Brazilian
five Canada
six Canadian
seven China
eight Chinese
nine England
ten English
eleven France
twelve French
thirteen Germany
fourteen German
fifteen Ireland
sixteen Irish
seventeen Italy
eighteen Italian
nineteen Japan
twenty Japanese
thirty Korea
thirty-one Korean
forty Mexico
forty-seven Mexican
fifty Scotland
fifty-nine Scottish
sixty Spain
sixty-three Spanish
seventy Thailand
seventy-two Thai
eighty the United States
eighty-six American
ninety
ninety-four
a / one hundred
two hundred and fifty
a / one thousand
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 56
Topic wordlist
Common objects Verb phrases
address book cook dinner
book do homework
calendar do housework
cell phone drink coffee
change purse drive a VW
coins eat fast food
comb go to class
credit card go to the movies
dictionary have children
file / binder have a sandwich for lunch
glasses like animals
hairbrush listen to the radio
ID card live in an apartment
keys play tennis
lipstick play the guitar
magazine read a newspaper
matches speak German
newspaper study economics
notebook use the Internet
pen watch television
pencil wear glasses
photo work in an office
stamps
sunglasses
tissues
umbrella
wallet
watch
57 American English File 1
Topic wordlist
Jobs The family
actor aunt
actress brother
administrative assistant children
builder cousin
doctor daughter
engineer father
front desk clerk / receptionist grandfather
hairdresser grandmother
housewife grandparents
journalist mother
lawyer mother-in-law
(bank) manager nephew
musician niece
nurse parents
pilot sister
police officer sister-in-law
policeman son
policewoman uncle
politician wife
salesperson
soccer player
student
waiter
waitress
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 58
Topic wordlist
Common adjectives small
bad tall
beautiful thin
big ugly
black wet
blond white
blue yellow
brown young
cheap
clean
dangerous Daily routine
dark do your homework
difficult finish work / school
dirty get dressed
dry get home
easy get to work / school
empty get up
expensive go home
fast go shopping
fat go to bed
full go to Italian class
good go to the gym
gray go to work / school
green have a coffee
heavy have breakfast
high have dinner
long have lunch
low make dinner
new sleep (for seven hours)
old start work / school
orange take (the dog for a walk)
pink wake (up early / late)
poor watch TV
red
rich
safe
short
slow
59 American English File 1
Topic wordlist
Times and dates fifth
Monday sixth
Tuesday seventh
Wednesday eighth
Thursday ninth
Friday tenth
Saturday eleventh
Sunday twelfth
twentieth
day twenty-first
month
week More verb phrases
month buy a newspaper
year call a taxi
fall come here
spring draw a picture
summer find some money
winter give someone a present
Easter hear a noise
Christmas help someone
New Year look for your keys
meet a friend
January paint a picture
February play chess
March ride a bike
April run a race
May see a movie
June sing a song
July swim every day
August take photos
September take your umbrella
October talk to a friend
November tell someone a secret
December travel by plane
turn off the TV
first turn on the TV
second use a computer
third wait for a bus
fourth walk home
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 60
Topic wordlist
Get Apartments and houses
get a newspaper (= buy) armchair / chair
get a taxi / bus / train (= take) bathtub
get an e-mail / letter (= receive) bathroom
get dressed bed
get home (= arrive) bedroom
get to a restaurant (= arrive) carpet
get up clock
cupboard
desk
Go dining room
go away (for the weekend) fireplace
go by bus floor
go for a walk refrigerator / fridge
go home (by bus / car) garage
go out (on Friday night) hall
go shopping kitchen
go to a restaurant lamp
go to bed (late) light
go to school living room
go to the beach mirror
office / study
picture
Have plant
have breakfast / lunch / dinner radiator
have a brother / sister shelves
have a car shower
have a drink sofa
have a good time stairs
have a sandwich stove
wall
yard
61 American English File 1
Topic wordlist
Town and city Food
art gallery apples
bank bananas
bridge bread
bus station butter
church cake
department store candy
hospital carrots
market cereal
mosque cheese
movie theater chocolate
museum coffee
palace cookies
park eggs
pharmacy French fries
police station fruit salad
post office grapes
river ice cream
road jam
school (orange) juice
shopping mall ketchup
sports center lettuce
square meat (steak / chicken)
street milk
supermarket mushrooms
theater (olive) oil
town hall onion
train station oranges
travel agency pasta
peas
pineapple
potato chips
potatoes
rice
salad
sandwiches
sugar
tea
toast
tomatoes
راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﮔﺮاﻣﺮ و ﻧﻜﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي 62
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ
آﻣﻮزﺷﮕﺎه ﻣﺠﺎزي زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ،ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ در
وﻗﺖ و ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ،ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ در ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي درﺳﻲ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ
اﻓﺮادي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ دارﻧﺪ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎر و ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻦ زﺑﺎن دوم ﺑﭙﺮدازﻧﺪ .
ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﮕﺮان
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