LPU Learning Consolidation

LEARNING CONSOLIDATION
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Directions for Q1 to Q7: Choose the active/passive form of the given sentence.
1. We waste much time on trifles.

(a) Much time was wasted on trifles.
(b) Much time will be wasted on trifles.
(c) Much time is wasted by us on trifles.
(d) Much time is wasted on trifles.
(e) Much times are wasted on trifles.
2. Circumstances will oblige me to go.

(a) I will oblige the circumstances and go.
(b) I shall be obliged to go by the circumstances.
(c) Under the circumstances, I should go.
(d) I would be obliged by the circumstances to go.
3. They are building a house next door to our school.

(a) Next door to our school a house is being built by them.
(b) Next door to our school is being built a house by them.
(c) A house next door to our school is being built by them.
(d) A house is being built by them next door to our school.
4. You must look into this matter

(a) This matter has been looked into by you.
(b) This matter may be looked into by you
(c) This matter should be looked into by you
(d) This matter into looked by you
5. Who teaches you English?

(a) By whom were you taught English?
(b) By whom are you taught English?
(c) English is taught by whom?
(d) By whom will you be taught English?
6. He said, "Can you sing?" And I said "NO".

(a) He asked me that could I sing and I refused.
(b) He asked me if I could sing and I said that I couldn't.
(c) I denied, when he asked me if I could sing.
(d) He asked me if I could sing and I said no.
7. They drew a circle in the morning.

(a) A circle was being drawn by them in the morning.
(b) A circle was drawn by them in the morning.
(c) In the morning a circle have been drawn by them.
(d) A circle has been drawing since morning.
Directions for Q8 to Q11: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
8. "I'd go and see a doctor if I were you," Julie said to me.

Julie _____ me to go and see a doctor.
(a) told (b) said (c) advised (d) asked
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9. "Can you come and help me with this box?"

John _____ me to help him with the box.
(a) told (b) asked (c) suggested (d) warned
10. "This is an exam Mr. Jenkins!! Shut up now!!!"

The headmaster _____ Mr. Jenkins to shut up.
(a) told (b) said (c) offered (d) ordered
11. "That road is very dangerous so just be very careful!"

His mother _____ him that the road was very dangerous and to be careful.
(a) told (b) said (c) advised (d) warned
Directions for Q12 to Q15: Choose the correct sentence in the reported speech.
12. Tom said, 'I want to visit my friends this weekend'.

(a) Tom said he wants to visit his friends that weekend.
(b) Tom said he wanted to visit his friends that weekend.
(c) Tom said he wanted to visit his friends this weekend.
(d) Tom said he wanted to visit his friends that weekend.
13. He asked me, 'Have you finished reading the newspaper?'

(a) He asked me if had I finished reading the newspaper.
(b) He asked me if I had finished reading the newspaper.
(c) He asked me if I finished reading the newspaper.
(d) He asked me if I have finished reading the newspaper.
14. 'I get up every morning at seven o'clock', Peter said.

(a) Peter said he got up every morning at seven o'clock.
(b) Peter said I got up every morning at seven o'clock.
(c) Peter said he had got up every morning at seven o'clock.
(d) Peter said that he got up every morning at seven o'clock.
15. Susan reassured me, 'I can come tonight'.

(a) Susan told me I could come that night.
(b) Susan told me she could come that night.
(c) Susan told me she could come tomorrow evening.
(d) Susan told me she could come tonight.
Directions for Q16 to Q20: Synonyms are words with identical or at least similar meanings. Choose the synonyms of
the given words.
16. INHERENT
(a) inborn (b) pertinent (c) valiant (d) enumerate (e) within
17. NOSTALGIC
(a) wistful (b) unwell (c) static (d) specific (e) oblique
18. PROTAGONIST
(a) villain (b) friend (c) intellectual (d) docile (e) principal
19. UBIQUITOUS
(a) courteous (b) uncanny (c) quiet (d) discourteous (e) omnipresent
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20. AMENITY
(a) outlay (b) facility (c) veracity (d) pompous (e) basic
Directions for Q21 to Q25: For the words given below, a contextual usage has been provided. Pick the word from the
alternatives given, that is most inappropriate in the given context.
21. OBVIATE: The new mass transit system may obviate the need for the use of personal cars.
(a) prevent (b) forestall (c) preclude (d) inhibit (e) bolster
22. FACETIOUS: The woman said, "I don't seriously mean that you are an idiot; I was being facetious".
(a) jazzy (b) jovial (c) jocular (d) joking (e) jesting
23. PRECARIOUS: The precarious bridge had already claimed two peoples' lives that year.
(a) unstable (b) wobbly (c) unsafe (d) risky (e) challenging
24. GREEN: The new recruit is rather green. He needs intensive training.
(a) wet behind the ears (b) untrained (c) inexperienced
(d) naïve (e) indecorous
25. LATITUDE: "No Latitude for Error" is a book written by Edmund Hillary, the first man to scale Everest.
(a) scope (b) leeway (c) room (d) opportunity (e) longitude
Directions for Q26 to Q33: Complete the analogies.
26. BONAFIDE : GENUINE

(a) bistro : tavern (b) per se : as such (c) faux pas : accuracy
(d) in toto : partially (e) bete noire : aversion
27. TRAP : GAME

(a) novel : author (b) net : fish (c) leash : dog
(d) wall : house (e) curtain : window
28. ODE : POEM :: ______ : ______

(a) character : novel (b) brick : building (c) ballad : song
(d) street : intersection (e) museum : painting
29. TENACITY : WEAK :: ______ : ______

(a) apathy : caring (b) pity : strong (c) immortality : wrong
(d) frequency : known (e) control : expensive
30. SACRED : SACRILEGIOUS :: ______ : ______

(a) hedonist : pleasure-seeker (b) ambiguous : ambivalent (c) apathy : indifference
(d) professional : amateur (e) saccharine : sweet
31. WINDING : STRAIGHT

(a) reckless : cautious (b) attacking : peace (c) inexperienced : green (d) undulating : curvy
32. INTROVERT : GREGARIOUS

(a) ambivert : confused (b) renegade : loyalty
(c) misanthrope : hatred (d) malingerer : idle
33. SMELL : PUNGENT

(a) air : invisible (b) sleep : arduous (c) touch : pragmatic (d) volcano : dormant
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Directions for Q34 to Q39: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable options.
34. Long ago, as a schoolgirl, Gracy's favourite game was cops and robbers. She'd ______ to become a real cop one
day and was the kind of kid mischief-makers ______.
(a) longed…adored (b) yearned…dreaded (c) wished…yanked
(d) learnt…taunted (e) dreamt…abhorred
35. Whenever someone tells me of a colleague's unethical behaviour, I encourage them to report the violation.
Passing the buck does not solve a problem; it ______ it.
(a) perpetrates (b) perforates (c) procrastinates
(d) perpetuates (e) postulates
36. France requires that citizens born outside the country or to foreign parents produce documents ______ their
nationality – or risk losing it for ______.
(a) confirming…all (b) vetoing…sure (c) checking…evidence
(d) giving…security (e) affirming…good
37. From the streets of Beijing to the mountains of India, record snowfalls have brought daily life in many regions
of northern Asia to a ______ this week.
(a) peak (b) decline (c) turnaround (d) standstill (e) recession
38. There's an old ______ in Ladakh that only a dear friend or a serious enemy will reach here; the passes are so high
and the land so ______.
(a) proverb…picturesque (b) quotation…low (c) saying…harsh
(d) maxim…pleasant (e) belief…secure
39. The ______ were so carried away with the acting that at the end of the play they all stood up and applauded.
(a) spectators (b) watchers (c) listeners (d) audience (e) viewers
Directions for Q40 to Q42: Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative.
40. As I have known you well for ten years now, I ________ all that you say.
(a) am believing (b) believe (c) believed
(d) have been believing (e) had believed
41. As the meeting was on a key issue, several questions ________ during question time.
(a) came in (b) came about (c) came up (d) came by (e) came on
42. We’re close to the project deadline, but there is still ________ time left.
(a) less (b) little (c) a little (d) few (e) a few
Directions for Q43 to Q47: A part of each sentence is underlined. Choose the right option to replace the underlined
part. If no change is required, choose the option "The sentence is correct as given".
43. Not only her compassion for other people, but also her unselfish acts make me admire her.
(a) makes (b) will make (c) is making
(d) should make (e) The sentence is correct as given.
44. I left the milk on the stove for too long and it all boiled up.
(a) along (b) throughout (c) in
(d) over (e) The sentence is correct as given.
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45. The is a unique opportunity available only to highly-qualified individuals who are willing to relocate for an
extended period of time.
(a) unique opportunity (b) an unique opportunity (c) the unique opportunity
(d) some unique opportunity (e) The sentence is correct as given.
46. The Red Cross appealed to the people to come forward to help the drought victims and said that each may
contribute what they can.
(a) each may contribute what each once can (b) each should contribute what they could
(c) each must contribute how much they can (d) each may contribute what he can
(e) The sentence is correct as given.
47. The company requires that these formalities should be completed before the end of the month.
(a) that these formalities be completed (b) for these formalities to be completed
(c) these formalities should be completed (d) all these formalities be completed
(e) The sentence is correct as given.
Directions for Q48 and Q49: Identify the part of the sentence that contains a mistake. If there is no error, mark 'e'.
48. The member in his report to the chairman of the committee deplored that certain departments had not allotted
adequate funds in the annual budget.
(a) The member in his report (b) deplored that certain departments (c) had not allotted
(d) in the annual budget (e) No error
49. The teacher told the students, "Unless you express yourself better, your communication will continue to be
vague or ambiguous."
(a) told the students (b) you express yourself better
(c) communication will continue (d) vague or ambiguous
(e) No error
Directions for Q50 to Q52: Pick the correct sentence from the given options.
50.
(a) I have to catch up all the lessons I missed.
(b) I have to catch up on all the lessons I missed.
(c) I have to catch on to the lessons I missed.
(d) I have to catch all the lessons I missed.
(e) I have to catch on all the lessons I missed.
51.
(a) The work of people employed in voluntary organisations is about helping people to help themselves.
(b) Work of the people employed in voluntary organisations is about helping people to help themselves.
(c) The work of people employed in voluntary organisation is about helping people to help themselves.
(d) The work of the people employed in an voluntary organisation is about helping people to help themselves.
(e) Work of people employed in voluntary organisation is about helping people to help themselves.
52.
(a) The programme is about computers and their affect on our lives.
(b) The programme is about computers and their affects on our lives.
(c) The programme is about computers and their effect on our lives.
(d) The programme is about how computers effect our lives.
(e) The programme is about computer effects in our lives.
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Directions for Q53 to Q55: Find out which part of a sentence has an error. If there is no error, mark ‘e’.
53. The Secretariat (A) comprises of (B) a host of (C) elaborately furnished rooms. (D)
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
54. Knowledge of (A) at least two languages (B) are required (C) to pass the examination. (D)
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
55. Every one of the films (A) you suggested (B) I watch yesterday (C) are not worth seeing. (D)
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
Directions for Q56 and Q57: In each of the following questions there are sentences that form a paragraph. Identify
the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage (including spelling,
punctuation and logical consistency). Then, choose the most appropriate option.
56. P. The Kumars and their neighbour was sitting on the verandah
Q. blissfully unaware that the fire was playing havoc inside.
R. In minutes, the entire building was ablaze.
S. Words can barely describe the chaos that followed.
(a) P and R (b) Q and S (c) R and S (d) Q, R and S (e) P, Q and R
57. P. In the summer of '68, we travelled fifty miles to watch the season's opening match.
Q. In those days, fifty miles were not a short distance.
R. But to our greatest disappointment, no sooner had the hockey match started,
S. than it began to rain cats and dogs. The match was obviously cancelled.
(a) Only P (b) P and R (c) P and S (d) P, Q and S (e) P, R and S
58. Pick out the grammatically and logically correct sentence.

(a) Should we be told that our recommendations pertinent to the kind of use made of our vehicles have been
accepted, we will gladly cooperate with the ultimate plan.
(b) Should we be told that our recommendations for the use of our vehicles have been accepted, we will gladly
cooperate with the ultimate plan.
(c) If we were told that recommendations about use of our vehicles has been accepted, we will gladly
cooperate with the ultimate plan.
(d) Our being told of the acceptance of our recommendations pertinent to use made of our vehicles should
cause us to gladly cooperate with the ultimate plan.
(e) If we are told that our recommendations to use our vehicles gladly are accepted, we will cooperate with the
ultimate plan.
Directions for Q59 to Q61: In the following questions, there are six sentences marked 1, P, Q, R, S, 6. The positions of
1 and 6 are fixed. Arrange the other four sentences to make a coherent paragraph.
59. 1. Tristram Shandy was hopelessly perplexed.

P. Thereby every year of his life would be reached sometime.
Q. And yet if he did live on indefinitely, he ought to be able to record his whole life, for the experiences of his
first ten years would be recorded by the end of his twentieth year, the experiences of his first twenty five
years by the end of his fortieth year, and so on.
R. He had begun to write his autobiography and found that he could record only half a day's experiences in one
day of writing.
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S. Consequently, even if he were to start writing and even if he were to live forever, he could not record his
whole life, for at any time, only half of his life would be recorded.
6. Hence, depending on the way he reasoned, he could or could not complete his autobiography.
(a) SQPR (b) PSQR (c) RSQP (d) QSRP (e) RPQS
60. 1. We do not know whether the machines are the masters or we are.
P. They must be given or rather 'fed' with coal and given petrol to 'drink' from time to time.
Q. Already man spends most of his time looking after and waiting upon them.
R. Yet he has grown too dependent on them that they have almost become the masters now.
S. It is very true that they were made for the sole purpose of being man's servants.
6. And if they don't get their meals when they expect them, they will just refuse to work.
(a) RSQP (b) RSPQ (c) SPQR (d) SRQP (e) QPSR
61. 1. Let us see the routine of security grand, Sonu.

P. He spends his day opening and closing the gate of the building depending on which car wants to enter or
leave.
Q. For this, he must go to the roof of the building, open the tanks and check, wait until they are filled up – an
overflow will fetch a reprimand – and then come down.
R. His additional job is to make sure that water is pumped up to the overhead tanks.
S. Rain or shine, this job must be done.
6. Even in a Mumbai monsoon, without a raincoat or umbrella.
(a) PQRS (b) SPQR (c) SQPR (d) PSQR (e) PRQS
Directions for Q62 to Q65: Read each jumbled paragraph and pick the option in which the best sequence is shown.
62. A. in different regions of that federation

B. that was Yugoslavia
C. the fundamental cause has been the very large difference in the quality of life
D. although the dismemberment of the federation
E. is seen more as the result of an ethnic conflict
(a) D, B, E, C, A (b) B, C, E, D, A (c) C, E, B, D, A (d) A, B, D, E, C (e) D, B, E, A, C
63. A. he was highly sensitive and resentful

B. towards the country or to those
C. when there was even implied discourtesy
D. while he was extremely gentle and tolerant
E. he held in honour
(a) A, C, D, B, E (b) E, A, D, C, B (c) D, A, C, B, E (d) D, C, B, E, A (e) D, A, C, E, B
64. i. Of course, modern postal services now are much more sophisticated and faster, relying as they do on motor
vehicles and planes for delivery.
ii. Indeed, the ancient Egyptians had a system for sending letters from about 2000 BC, as did the Zhou dynasty
in China a thousand years later.
iii. Letters, were, and are, sent by some form of postal service, the history of which goes back a long way.
iv. For centuries, the only form of written correspondence was the letter.
(a) ii, i, iii, iv (b) iv, i, iii, ii (c) iv, iii, ii, i (d) iii, i, iv, ii (e) i, ii, iv, iii
65. i. The Supertag scanner could revolutionise the way people shop, virtually eradicating supermarket queues.
ii. The face of retailing will change even more rapidly when the fibre optic networks being built by cable TV
companies begin to be more widely used.
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iii. The scanner would have a double benefit for supermarkets – removing the bottleneck which causes
frustration to most customers and reducing the number of checkout staff.
iv. An electronic scanner which can read the entire contents of a supermarket trolley at a glance has just been
developed.
(a) ii, i, iii, iv (b) i, iii, iv, ii (c) iv, iii, ii, i (d) iv, i, iii, ii (e) i, ii, iv, iii
Directions for Q66 to Q71: Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
Together, the baby boom and the declining rate of imprisonment explain less than half of the 1960s crime spike.
Although a host of other hypotheses have been advanced — including the great migration of African Americans from the
rural South to northern cities and the return of Vietnam vets scarred by war — all of them combined still cannot explain
the crime surge. Decades later, most criminologists remain perplexed.
The answer might be right in front of our faces, literally: television. Maybe Beaver Cleaver and his picture-perfect TV
family weren't just a casualty of the changing times (Leave It to Beaver was cancelled in 1963, the same year Kennedy
was assassinated). Maybe they were actually a cause of the problem.
People have long posited that violent TV shows lead to violent behaviour, but that claim is not supported by data. We
are making an entirely different argument here. Our claim is that children who grew up watching a lot of TV, even the
most innocuous family-friendly shows, were more likely to engage in crime when they got older.
Testing this hypothesis isn't easy. You can't just compare a random bunch of kids who watched a lot of TV with those
who didn't. The ones who were glued to the TV are sure to differ from the other children in countless ways beyond
their viewing habits.
A more believable strategy might be to compare cities that got TV early with those that got it much later.
For instance, cable TV came to different parts of India at different times, a staggered effect that made it possible to
measure TV's impact on rural Indian women. The initial rollout of TV in the United States was even bumpier. This
was mainly due to a four-year interruption, from 1948 to 1952, when the Federal Communications Commission
declared a moratorium on new stations so the broadcast spectrum could be reconfigured.
Some places in the United States started receiving signals in the mid-1940s while others had no TV until a decade later.
As it turns out, there is a stark difference in crime trends between cities that got TV early and those that got it late.
These two sets of cities had similar rates of violent crime before the introduction of TV. But by 1970, violent crime was
twice as high in the cities that got TV early relative to those that got it late. For property crime, the early-TV cities
started with much lower rates in the 1940s than the late-TV cities, but ended up with much higher rates.
There may of course be other differences between the early-TV cities and the late-TV cities. To get around that, we can
compare children born in the same city in, say, 1950 and 1955. So in a city that got TV in 1954, we are comparing one
age group that had no TV for the first four years of life with another that had TV the entire time. Because of the
staggered introduction of TV, the cutoff between the age groups that grew up with and without TV in their early years
varies widely across cities. This leads to specific predictions about which cities will see crime rise earlier than others-
as well as the age of the criminals doing the crimes.
So did the introduction of TV have any discernible effect on a given city's crime rate?
The answer seems to be yes, indeed. For every extra year a young person was exposed to TV in his first 15 years, we
see a 4 percent increase in the number of property-crime arrests later in life and a 2 percent increase in violent-crime
arrests. According to our analysis, the total impact of TV on crime in the 1960s was an increase of 50 percent in
property crimes and 25 percent in violent crimes.
Why did TV have this dramatic effect?
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Our data offer no firm answers. The effect is largest for children who had extra TV exposure from birth to age four.
Since most four year-olds weren't watching violent shows, it's hard to argue that content was the problem.
It may be that kids who watched a lot of TV never got properly socialised, or never learned to entertain themselves.
Perhaps TV made the have-nots want the things the haves had, even if it meant stealing them.
Or maybe it had nothing to do with the kids at all; maybe Mom and Dad became derelict when they discovered that
watching TV was a lot more entertaining than taking care of the kids. Or maybe early TV programs somehow
encouraged criminal behaviour. The Andy Griffith Show, a huge hit that debuted in 1960, featured a friendly sheriff
who didn't carry a gun and his extravagantly inept deputy, named Barney Fife. Could it be that all the would-be
criminals who watched this pair on TV concluded that the police simply weren't worth being afraid of?
66. A suitable title for the above passage is

(a) Leave It to Beaver: not as innocent as you think
(b) Why behaviour change is so hard
(c) Crime and Punishment
(d) Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television
(e) Crime slump: causes and effect
67. "You can't just compare a random bunch of kids who watched a lot of TV with those who didn't." Why?
(a) All children did not watch the same shows on TV.
(b) Different cities got TVs at different points of time.
(c) The children who watched TV didn't have much opportunity to socialise with other children.
(d) The children who watched TV were outnumbered by those who didn't.
(e) All of these
68. The above passage busts which myth related to TV and criminal behaviour?
(a) Violent TV shows alone lead to violent behaviour.
(b) TV programmes somehow encouraged criminal behaviour.
(c) TV-viewing parents are responsible for a surge in crime rate.
(d) Cities that got TV early were least affected by crimes.
(e) All of these
69. Beaver Cleaver was

(a) a character in a TV show (b) a law enforcement officer (c) an anti-TV activist
(d) an inept policeman (e) a troubled child
70. TV was possibly responsible for increased crime rate because

(a) children watching TV didn't have the opportunity to socialise much
(b) TV made the have-nots want the things the haves had
(c) parents watching too much TV neglected their children
(d) policemen on certain TV shows didn't evoke any fear
(e) All of these
71. Identify the INCORRECT statement.

(a) No TVs were made from 1948 to 1952.
(b) The impact of TV on crime rate in the 1960s was an increase of 50 percent in property crimes.
(c) Cable TV didn't come to different parts of India at the same time.
(d) The increased birth rate contributed to the 1960s crime spurt.
(e) TV impacted crime rates.
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Directions for Q72 to Q75: Read the extract below and mark "True", "False" or "Cannot Say" against each of the
statements that follow.
Two families of venomous snakes are native to the United States. The vast majority are pit vipers, of the family
Crotalidae, which includes rattlesnakes, copperheads and cottonmouths. Virtually all of the venomous bites in this
country are from pit vipers. Some, Mojave rattlesnakes or canebrake rattlesnakes, for example, carry neuro-toxic
venom that can affect the brain or spinal cord. Copperheads, on the other hand, have a milder and less dangerous
venom that sometimes may not require antivenin treatment.
The other family is Elapidae, which includes two species of coral snakes found chiefly in the southern states. Related
to the much more dangerous Asian cobras and kraits, coral snakes have small mouths and short teeth, which give
them a less efficient venom delivery than pit vipers. People bitten by coral snakes lack the characteristic fang marks of
pit vipers, sometimes making the bite hard to detect.
72. Crotalidae and Elapidae are native to the United States.

True/False/Cannot Say
73. Bite marks from pit vipers can be hard to detect.

74. Coral snakes are less dangerous than Asian cobras.

75. Cottonmouths are also known as Water Moccasins.

Directions for Q76 to Q89: Read the passage below and answer the questions.
It is indisputable that in order to fulfill its many functions, water should be clean and biologically valuable. The costs
connected with the provision of biologically valuable water for food production, with the maintenance of sufficiently
clean water, therefore, are primarily production costs. Purely “environmental” costs seem to be in this respect only
costs connected with the safeguarding of cultural, recreational and sports functions which the water courses and
reservoirs fulfill both in nature and in human settlements.
The pollution problems of the atmosphere resemble those of the water only partly. So far, the supply of air has not
been deficient as was the case with water, and the dimensions of the air-shed are so vast that a number of people still
hold the opinion that air need not be economized. However, scientific forecasts have shown that the time may be
already approaching when clear and biologically valuable air will become problem No.1.
Air being ubiquitous, people are particularly sensitive about any reduction in the quality of the atmosphere, the
increased contents of dust and gaseous exhalations, and particularly about the presence of odours. The demand for
purity of atmosphere, therefore, emanates much more from the population itself than from the specific sectors of the
national economy affected by a polluted or even biologically aggressive atmosphere.
The households’ share in atmospheric pollution is far bigger than that of industry which, in turn, further complicates
the economic problems of atmospheric purity. Some countries have already collected positive experience with the
reconstruction of whole urban sectors on the basis of new heating appliances based on the combustion of solid fossil
fuels; estimates of the economic consequences of such measures have also been put forward.
In contrast to water, where the maintenance of purity would seem primarily to be related to the costs of production and
transport, a far higher proportion of the costs of maintaining the purity of the atmosphere derives from environmental
consideration. Industrial sources of gaseous and dust emissions are well known and classified; their location can be
accurately identified, which makes them controllable. With the exception, perhaps, of the elimination of sulphur dioxide,
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technical means and technological processes exist which can be used for the elimination of all excessive impurities of the
air from the various emissions.
Atmospheric pollution caused by the private property of individuals (their dwellings, automobiles, etc.) is difficult to
control. Some sources such as motor vehicles are very mobile, and they are thus capable of anti-pollution measures
will have to be borne, to a considerable extent, by individuals, whether in the form of direct costs or indirectly in the
form of taxes, dues, surcharges etc.
The problem of noise is a typical example of an environmental problem which cannot be solved only passively, i.e.,
merely by protective measures, but will require the adoption of active measures, i.e., direct interventions at the
source. The costs of a complete protection against noise are so prohibitive as to make it unthinkable even in the
economically most developed countries. At the same time it would not seem feasible, either economically or
politically, to force the population to carry the costs of individual protection against noise, for example, by reinforcing
the sound insulation of their homes. A solution to this problem probably cannot be found in the near future.
76. Scientific forecasts have shown that clear and biologically valuable air
(a) is likely to remain abundant for some time
(b) may soon be dangerously lacking
(c) creates fewer economic difficulties than does water pollution
(d) may be beyond the capacity of our technology to protect
(e) is not an immediate concern
77. The costs involved in the maintenance of pure water are determined primarily by
I. Production costs II. Transport costs III. Research costs
(a) I only (b) I and II only (c) III only (d) II and III only (e) I, II and III
78. According to the passage, the problem of noise can be solved through
I. Active measures II. Passive measures III. Tax levies
(a) I only (b) I and II only (c) III only (d) II and III only (e) I, II and III
79. According to the passage, the costs of some anti-pollution measures will have to be borne by individuals
because
(a) individuals contribute to the creation of pollution
(b) industry is not willing to bear its share
(c) governments do not have adequate resources
(d) individuals are more easily taxed than producers
(e) All of the above
One of the biggest contributions of Ray to the world of cinema was his choice of subjects. He explored a range of
characters and situations. Many of these were alien to popular Indian cinema, as they were not considered suitable
film subjects in India. He brought real concerns of real people to the screen – villagers, city middle-class, intellectuals,
rich and famous, detectives, and kings… Ray himself summed up a very important aspect of his films: “Villains bore
me.” Good vs. evil, white vs. black, the hero and the villain. It was an age-old formula for evading the real truth. He
explored the complex shades of grey instead.
His films show a diversity of moods, techniques, and genres – comedy, satire, fantasy, and tragedy… Usually he made
realistic films but he also experimented with surrealist devices and fantasy – Pratidwandi (The Adversary, 1970),
Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (Adventures of Goopy and Bagha, 1968) and Hirak Rajar Deshe (Kingdom of Diamonds, 1980)
to name a few.
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In Devi (The Goddess, 1960), he produced an Isben-like parable on the power of superstition, and later in Ganashatru
(Enemy of the People, 1989).
Ray was deeply concerned with the social identity of his characters. He believed that behavior of people emerges from
their existence in a particular place and time in a particular social context. This was and is, largely ignored in most
popular Indian song-and-dance films. In an effort to appeal to different linguistic states of India, the makers of
Bollywood (Mumbai film industry) films consciously avoid any references to a particular place. Even the names of
characters and places are made as “universal” as possible.
On the other hand, the extraordinary believability of Ray’s characters comes from their being firmly rooted in a well
defined society – usually Bengali life in the nineteenth or twentieth century. Curiously, the feeling of “universality”
stems from this authentic localism and specifics. He generally suggests the context by meaningful details, gradually
forming an enveloping world.
80. Villains bored Ray because

(a) they did not portray the real truth (b) evil does not interest anyone
(c) every other film-maker had villains in the plot (d) most representations were imaginary
81. Unlike Bollywood films, which is the distinctive feature of Ray’s films?
(a) An historical undercurrent
(b) Generality such that anyone could identify with them
(c) Characters etched in a well defined society
(d) Surrealistic themes and fantasies
82. A satire will have

(a) irony (b) depression (c) hilarity (d) vision
Progress in life depends a good deal on crossing one threshold after another. Some time ago a man watched his little
nephew trying to write his name. It was hard work, very hard work. The little boy had arrived at an effort threshold.
Today he writes his name with comparative ease. No new threshold confronts him. This is the way with all of us. As
soon as we cross one threshold, as soon as we conquer one difficulty, a new difficulty appears, or should appear. Some
people make the mistake of steering clear of thresholds. Anything that requires genuine thinking and use of energy,
they avoid. They prefer to stay in a rut where thresholds are not met. Probably, they have been at their job a number
of years. Things are easy for them. They make no effort to seek out new obstacles to overcome. Real progress stops
under such circumstances.
Some middle-aged and elderly people greatly enrich their lives by continuing to cross thresholds. One man went into
an entirely new business when he was past middle-age and made a success of it. De Morgan did not start to write
novels until he was past sixty. Psychologists have discovered that man can continue to learn throughout the life. And it
is undoubtedly better to try, and fail than not to try at all. Here, one can be placed in the category of the Swiss
mountaineer of whom it was said: "He died climbing". When a new difficulty rises to obstruct your path, do not
complain. Accept the challenge. Determine to cross this threshold as you have crossed numerous other thresholds in
your past life. In the words of the poet, do not rest but strive to pass 'from dream to grander dream'.
83. What does progress in life depend upon?

(a) Good habits (b) Overcoming one difficulty after another
(c) Hard work (d) Spirit of service and cooperation
84. What does 'he died climbing' signify?
(a) Strove hard till the last moment of life (b) He climbed the hill and then died
(c) He died before getting at the top (d) He died when he was climbing the hill
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85. What does 'to pass from dream to grander dream' mean?
(a) Seeing one dream after another
(b) Always having greater and greater aspirations in life
(c) Making plan after plan
(d) Seeing one good dream and then hoping for a better dream
Directions for Q86 to Q96: Answer this question based on the given information in the paragraph below.
86. The cost of producing radios in Country Q is ten percent less than the cost of producing radios in Country Y.
Even after transportation fees and tariff charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios
from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in Country Y.
The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?
(a) Labor costs in Country Q are ten percent below those in Country Y.
(b) Importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate ten percent of the manufacturing jobs in
Country Y.
(c) The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than ten percent of the cost of
manufacturing the radio in Country Y.
(d) The fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more than ten percent of the cost of
manufacturing the radio in Country Q.
(e) It takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q than it does in Country Y.
87. Early data on seat-belt use showed that seat-belt wearers were less likely to be killed in road accidents. Hence,
it was initially believed that wearing a seat-belt increased survival chances in an accident. But what the early
analysts had failed to see was that cautious drivers were more likely to wear the belts and were also less likely
to cause ‘big accidents’, while reckless drivers were more likely to be involved in ‘big’ accidents and were less
likely to wear the belts.
Which of the following, if true, could an opponent of the view presented above best cite as a reason for
recommending continued use of seat-belts?
(a) Careful drivers who are involved in accidents caused by reckless drivers, would be more likely to survive if
wearing a belt.
(b) All drivers should be required by law to wear a belt.
(c) The ratio of ‘big’ to ‘small’ road accidents is very small.
(d) In fatal accidents seat-belt wearers in the front seat are less likely to survive than those wearing seat belts
in the back seat.
(e) On average, careful drivers pay lower insurance premiums than do drivers who have been involved in
accidents.
88. The committee on sexual discrimination in the workplace has highlighted Supremo Company as a chief
offender. Of the twenty senior executives in the firm, only one is a woman. And of the forty junior executives,
only five are female.
Supremo could best defend itself against the charges by showing that
(a) male and female executives at the same level have the same qualifications
(b) they pay the same salary to senior men and senior women
(c) ten times more men than women apply for jobs with the company
(d) the work pressures and long hours make jobs with the company unattractive to married women
(e) all job applicants who were rejected had fewer qualifications than those accepted
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89. It is not unusual to see the ball fall into a black slot on a roulette wheel four times in a row. But for it to fall five
or six times in a row into the same color is very unusual. Therefore you can win money by waiting for a run of
five of the same color and then betting against that color.
If the roulette wheel in question is a fair wheel, which of the following observations or facts, if it were true,
would best reveal a fallacy in the logic?
(a) If there were a reliable way to win at roulette it would be well-known by now.
(b) It is hard for a player to keep track of what went before for the time required.
(c) The probability of getting a particular color decreases with the number of times the color has appeared.
(d) The probability of getting a particular color is always the same no matter what has gone before.
(e) A person who makes money this way once or twice, will carry on to lose that money after a few more times.
90. A fruit known as amla in certain parts of Asia is an excellent source of vitamin C. A small quantity of the fruit
grated and added to salads provides almost all the daily requirement of this vitamin. However, the fruit is very
sour. A new process designed to remove most of the sour taste will make the fruit acceptable to American
tastes. We are therefore starting to grow this fruit for sale in the United States.
The argument above assumes all of the following except
(a) Americans generally won’t eat very sour foods
(b) The new process does not remove a significant part of the vitamin content
(c) That a market exists for a new source of vitamin C
(d) The fruit can be used only in salads
(e) Apart from being sour there are no other objections to eating this fruit
91. It has been suggested that long-term prisoners, on release from jail, be given a reasonable state pension to
reduce the likelihood of their resorting to crime. Most people instinctively reject the suggestion as they feel it
would be like rewarding criminal activity.
The supporters of the prisoners' pension scheme have criticized those who reject this possibility, by claiming
that for the critics...
Which of the following is the most logical completion of the sentence above?
(a) emotion is more important than justice
(b) punishment for criminals is more important than crime prevention
(c) crime prevention is not an important issue
(d) money has too high a value
(e) the law should not be concerned with what happens after jail
92. Photography is no longer an art form. Nowadays everyone has access to digital cameras that only need to be
pointed at the subject in order to generate a perfect image.
The writer of the argument apparently assumes that
(a) the selection of the subject is not an important artistic factor in photography
(b) digital cameras will continue to improve in quality
(c) digital cameras can never go wrong
(d) photography with all other types of camera is an art form
(e) art is not perfect
93. In a recent study of responses to visual images, researchers found that women most frequently gave the rating
‘most attractive’ to images of male faces that were more feminine in contour, and rated more masculine faces,
on average, ‘less attractive’. The researchers concluded that modern women prefer men who are less obviously
masculine in their facial features.
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The conclusion would be most severely weakened if which of the following were true?
(a) Facial features are not the criterion that most women use to decide whether a man is attractive.
(b) The visual images were computer generated composites of photographs and not pictures of actual men.
(c) The rating scale was a ten point scale with most attractive scoring 1-2 and least attractive scoring 8-10.
(d) Most popular male actors have the features that the study allocated to the more masculine category.
(e) The faces with the more masculine features were all significantly older than those with the feminine features.
94. A nature conservancy expert found little support for his campaign to protect toads. He suggested that, even
thought the campaign highlighted the vital role the toads played in the ecology of the region, people were
unenthusiastic about saving toads as these animals are perceived as unpleasant creatures, and people seldom
feel passionate about animals with which they have no positive feelings.
The expert’s opinion would be most strengthened by which of the following observations?
(a) Ecological conservation is an increasingly important concern in the region.
(b) A recent campaign to save bats achieved a measure of success only after a cartoon bat was adopted as the
mascot of the local football team.
(c) Snakes and lizards also need protection in this region as a result of human activity.
(d) The campaign to protect toads has been in existence for over five years and yet the toad population
continues to decline.
(e) The children in the local schools were found to have a greater aversion to toads than to snakes.
95. Recent studies have highlighted the harmful effects of additives in food (colors, preservatives, flavor enhancers
etc.). There are no synthetic substances in the foods we produce at Munchon Foods – we use only natural
ingredients. Hence you can be sure you are safeguarding your family’s health when you buy our products.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the contention of Munchon Foods?
(a) Some synthetic substances are not harmful
(b) Some natural substances found in foods can be harmful
(c) Food without additives is unlikely to taste good
(d) Munchon Foods produces only breakfast cereals
(e) Without preservatives some foods could cause harm
96. The manual labour who earns an hourly wage working in technical installations in contrast to professional
personnel.
(a) blue collar workers (b) white collar workers (c) black collar workers (d) purple collar workers
Directions for Q97 and Q100: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable option.
97. Even if you ________ every file from your computer confidential information can be ________
(a) delete; retrieved (b) delete; refunded (c) erase; reset
98. If you’ve ________ to people you’ll never be ________ again
(a) lied; trusted (b) told lies; trust (c) lay; believed
99. I have never met anyone so ________! She’s always mixing things up and never gets anything right!
(a) unimportant (b) inefficient
100. Mark was very ________ with the way the meeting went: everybody was on time and it even finished on time, too!
(a) satisfied (b) efficient
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LPU Learning Consolidation

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LEARNING CONSOLIDATION

1. We waste much time on trifles.

2. Circumstances will oblige me to go.

3. They are building a house next door to our school.

4. You must look into this matter

5. Who teaches you English?

6. He said, "Can you sing?" And I said "NO".

7. They drew a circle in the morning.

8. "I'd go and see a doctor if I were you," Julie said to me.

9. "Can you come and help me with this box?"

10. "This is an exam Mr. Jenkins!! Shut up now!!!"

11. "That road is very dangerous so just be very careful!"

12. Tom said, 'I want to visit my friends this weekend'.

13. He asked me, 'Have you finished reading the newspaper?'

14. 'I get up every morning at seven o'clock', Peter said.

15. Susan reassured me, 'I can come tonight'.

Directions for Q26 to Q33: Complete the analogies.

26. BONAFIDE : GENUINE

27. TRAP : GAME

28. ODE : POEM :: ______ : ______

29. TENACITY : WEAK :: ______ : ______

30. SACRED : SACRILEGIOUS :: ______ : ______

31. WINDING : STRAIGHT

32. INTROVERT : GREGARIOUS

33. SMELL : PUNGENT

58. Pick out the grammatically and logically correct sentence.

59. 1. Tristram Shandy was hopelessly perplexed.

61. 1. Let us see the routine of security grand, Sonu.

62. A. in different regions of that federation

63. A. he was highly sensitive and resentful

66. A suitable title for the above passage is

69. Beaver Cleaver was

70. TV was possibly responsible for increased crime rate because

71. Identify the INCORRECT statement.

72. Crotalidae and Elapidae are native to the United States.

73. Bite marks from pit vipers can be hard to detect.

74. Coral snakes are less dangerous than Asian cobras.

75. Cottonmouths are also known as Water Moccasins.

80. Villains bored Ray because

82. A satire will have

83. What does progress in life depend upon?

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28. ODE : POEM :: :

29. TENACITY : WEAK :: :

30. SACRED : SACRILEGIOUS :: :