ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS OF THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL Longth of Arc of he Graph of 2 ss Funeton 6.2 Conter of Mass of a Rod 6.3 Conter of Mass of a lamina ond Controid ofa Plane Region 6.4 Work 6.5. Force Dve to Fluid Pressurea0 CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS OF THE DEFINTE INTEGRAL 1 LENGTH OF ARC OF THE GRAPH (OF A FUNCTION Inoue discussions of area and volumes, we used the words “measure ofthe tee” and “measute of the volume” to indicates amber witout any units fof mensiementncided, In our treatment of lngth of ar, we shall we the ‘word "length in place ofthe words "measue ofthe Int.” Thus fr our purpose the lngth of en ar isa number without ny units of mensiement tached to Let the faction fb continous onthe closed intra [, 8] and om sider he graph his neti fine by theo y ~ fs) of wich {sketch appears in Figure 1. The portion ofthe euve from the point ‘Ala, f(a) ot point 3, f) scaled an ae. We wish 0 signa number ‘o what we intively think of the length of such an are. Ifthe are saline segment from the point (x) t0 the point) we know fom the formula forthe distance beineen to points that ts length is given by ‘Vis, = 257 + ( ~ ya Wo use tis formula for defining the ethan a in general Recall fom geometry thatthe circumference ofa ctl eine asthe limit of the perimeters of regula polygons inscribed inthe lil, For other curves we proceed ina similar way Let bea partition ofthe closed interval (formed by diving the Jmerval into n subinervals by choosing any n~ 1 intermediate numbers between a and. Let = aan ty =, and let X42 Bete Imermediate numbers $0 that ay O there isa 8 > O such that for every partion & ‘ofthe interval (a, 0] tis tre that w tape tom (SPER 1] <« SIrIear ‘Then we write = Yn, SASF ® and Lica he ng af ar of he cave y= fom the ‘point Aa, f(a)) to the point B(b, f(b)). Ifthe limit in (3) exis, hear ssid to be reetifiable. ‘We now derive formal for nding the length Lf am re that i rectal. The derivation reaies that the derivative of fb continous on [a,b such a fanction ssid to be smooth on [a,b Refer o Figure 31°. has coordinates (3.3% nates (x, then the length ofthe chord P,P given by formula (1). Letting) 4 = Bx andy, — Ys [PoP = V@a* GaP o ‘Because we required thats” be comtinvous o [a,b te hyptbess of ‘the mean-value thovom (3.3.2 is satisfied by fo thar a number: in the open interval (x) such that, Sx) ~ Hoo) = PN — a) Beciuse Ay = Fle) ~ flsr,)and de = 3) ~ se fromthe above equs- tion we ive 82-719 ‘Sabstitatng from this equation into (4) we get [FoR = VIF POP Ax For each fom | 19 # thee isa equation oF hs frm, 0 that Siar Sve POP An