FORM TP 2017172

qto TEST CODE O22I2O2O

MAY/JUNE 2017

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION@

CHEMISTRY

UNIT 2 -Paper 02

2 hours 30 minutes

RI,AD THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1 This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL questions

2 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3 Do NOT write in the margins.

4 Where appropriate, ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN in this booklet.

5 A data booklet is provided.

6 You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions.

7 If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet.
Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

8 If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in the
box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include the
question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright O 2015 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.
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02212020/CAPE2017 0221202003
r SECTION A
-4- -l
AnswerALL questions.

MODULE 1

THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS

1. (a) State THREE characteristic properties of a homologous series of compounds

[3 marksl

(b) On analysis, one gram of Compound A (containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only)
provided 0.40 g of carbon and 0.54 g of oxygen. Compound A has a molecular mass of
60 and effervesces readily with calcium carbonate.

Calculate the

(i) empirical formula of A

[2 marks]

(ii) molecular formula of A.

[1 markl

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 r (c) (D
-5-

Write the general formula of the homologous series of which A is a member,

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[1 mark]

(iD Draw the structural formula of the chlorosubstituted compound of A.

[1 markl

(d) Comment on the relative pK" values of A and its related compound in (c) (ii)

[2 marks]

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-6-

Describe a simple laboratory test to distinguish between EACH of the following pairs
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of
compounds:

(i) CH3CH2CH2OH and CH3CH(OH)CH3

[3 marksl

(ii)
and

[2 marksl

Total 15 marks

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0221202006
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 r MODULE
-7 -

2
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ANALYTICAL METHODS AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

2. (a) Define EACH of the following terms

(i) Accuracy

[2 marks]

(ii) Precision

[2 marks]

(b) Suggest a separating technique that would be MOST effective in the extraction of eugenol
(oil) from cloves (plant) in its natural source.

[1 markl

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r (c)
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Figure 1 shows a number of pieces of apparatus which could be found in a chemical

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Figure 1. Pieces of apparatus which could be found in a chemical laboratory
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List the appropriate pieces of apparatus, using the corresponding letter from Figure l, that lia.
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could be used in the following processes. E:
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(i) Solvent extraction - THREE pieces tl
\r+-'
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[3 marksl r.::

(ii) Gravimetric analysis

=
- TWO pieces r-.1.1

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-:ijia:i (d) A gravimetric analysis was perforrned to estimate the percentage of Ca2* in a sample.
.-FI', A sample containing 0.496 g of limestone, CaCO, was dissolved in an acidic solution.
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rltal'l
:-l€: precipitate was found to have a mass of 0.619 g.
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(D Write the equation for the formation of the dry calcium oxalate precipitate
i,k:.
:--hi:
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:-lii-j
r_!ra-:
nl{',
_--_\'-'_1

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(ii) Calculate the percentage of Ca2* in the sample.

=
.irr--
.-'---.-.--:
-.-t+::
..+r+j
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-Tjt+'-
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:.si

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Total 15 marks
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r MODULE 3
-10- -l
INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

3. (a) (i) State the reason why the presence of ozone in the stratosphere is beneficial to
humans-

I markl

(ii) Write the relevant equations which show the formation of ozone in the stratosphere.

[4 marks]

(b) (i) Ozone in the troposphere is harmful to humans and is therefore considered to be
apollutant. List TWO effects of the harmful presence of ozone on humans.

[2 marks]

(ii) The internal combustion engine of motor vehicles is responsible for the production
of ozone in the troposphere.

Describe, with relevant equations, the production of ozone as a result of the use
of these engines.

[3 marks]
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(c) A student is required to test a sample of water for various pollutants using simple laboratory
reagents. Table I is an incomplete copy of the laboratory report.

Complete Table 1 by inserting the relevant test and inferences in order to identiff the
pollutants.

TABLE 1: INCOMPLETE COPY OF LABORATORY RE,PORT

No. Test Observation Inference

a A pungent smelling gas is a

I evolved on heating which turns
moist litmus paper blue.

[2 marks]
[1 mark]

Add dilute hydrochloric acid A white precipitate is formed a

2
and heat. which dissolves on heating.

[1 mark]

Add alkaline FeSOo(aq) and a

boil.
A colourless solution formed
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which produces a blue ppt.
Add dilute HCI followed by
FeCl,(ao).

[1 markl

Total 15 marks

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SECTION B
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AnswerALL questions.

MODULE 1

THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS

4. (a) Define the terms 'primary', 'secondary'and 'tertiary'as applied to alcohols. Give relevant
examples using structural formulae.

Primary alcohol

Secondary alcohol

Tertiary alcohol

[6 marks]
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Two isomeric phenyl alcohols, A and B, (C8Hroo), on treatment with concentrated sulfuric
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acid produced Compound D, which decolourized a solution of bromine in an organic
solvent. Oxidation of the isomers with acidified potassium dichromate(Vl) produced
compounds E and F which both gave yellow precipitates with 2, 4-DNP reagent. However,
only Compound F formed a silver mirror with a solution of silver nitrate.

(i) State the type of reaction which produced Compound D and write its structural
formula.

Type of reaction

Structural formula of Compound D: .

[2 marksl

(ii) Explain the reactions which led to the production of Compounds E and F.

[2 marks]

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r (c) Deduce the structural formulae of compounds
-14- -l
(i) E and F

[2 marksl

(ii) A and B.

[2 marks]

(d) Comment on the reaction of A and B to plane polarized light.

[1 mark]

Total 15 marks

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0221202014
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 r MODULE 2
-15- -l
ATIALYTICAL METHODS AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

5. (a) (i) List THREE characteristics of a primary standard

[3 marksl

(ii) State whether sodium hydroxide can be considered a primary standard and suggest
a reason for your answer.

[2 marks

(b) A student standardized an unknown solution of an acid, HrA, by adding successive 5 cm3
portions of the acid to 25 cm3 of a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate of concentration
b.ZS mol dmr. The temperature was taken after each addition. From the data collected,
2 on
a graph of temperature versus volume of acid added was plotted as shown in Figure
page 16.

Explain fully the shape of the graph.

[4 marksl

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Temp ("C)

40

30

20

10

10 20 30 40 50 Volume (cm3)

Figure 2. Temperature versus volume of acid added

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 r (c) Calculate
-17 - -l
(i) the number of moles of carbonate used

[1 markl

(ii) the number of moles of acid reacted

[2 marksl

(iii) the concentration of the acid.

[1 markl

(d) State ONE other titrimetric method that could be used without an indicator by the student
in (b).

[1 markl

(e) Identify the responding variable involved in the method stated in (d).

[1 markl

Total 15 marks

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MODULE 3
18 -
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INDUSTRYAND THE ENVIRONMENT

6. (a) Define EACH of the following terms as applied to petroreum chemistry

(i) Cracking

[2 marksl
(ii) Reforming

[2 marksl
(b) Using an appropriate equation, apply the principles of chemical equilibrium to deduce the
theoretical conditions for the production of ammonia.

[4 marks]

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0221202018
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 r (c)
-19-

Discuss the actual conditions employed in industrial plants in ammonia production.

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[5 marks]

(d) Explain ONE possible effect of the ammonia industry on groundwater usage

[2 marksl

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CIIECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

022r2020/cAPE 2017
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