What is Drama –

In literature, a drama is the portrayal of fictional and non fictional events through the
performance of written dialog. The term ‘drama’ comes from a Greek word meaning; action’
which is derived from ‘I Do’. The two makes associated with drama represent the traditional
generic division between comedy and tragedy.

In literature, a drama is the portrayal of fictional or non-fictional events through the

performance of written dialog (either prose or poetry). Dramas can be performed on stage, on
film, or the radio. Dramas are typically called plays, and their creators are known as
“playwrights” or “dramatists.”

Types of Drama

Dramatic performances are generally classified into specific categories according to the
mood, tone, and actions depicted in the plot. Some popular types of drama include:

 Comedy: Lighter in tone, comedies are intended to make the audience laugh and
usually come to a happy ending. Comedies place offbeat characters in unusual
situations causing them to do and say funny things. Comedy can also be sarcastic in
nature, poking fun at serious topics. There are also several sub-genres of comedy,
including romantic comedy, sentimental comedy, a comedy of manners, and tragic
comedy—plays in which the characters take on tragedy with humor in bringing
serious situations to happy endings.
 Tragedy: Based on darker themes, tragedies portray serious subjects like death,
disaster, and human suffering in a dignified and thought-provoking way. Rarely
enjoying happy endings, characters in tragedies, like Shakespeare's Hamlet, are often
burdened by tragic character flaws that ultimately lead to their demise.
 Farce: Featuring exaggerated or absurd forms of comedy, a farce is a nonsensical
genre of drama in which characters intentionally overact and engage in slapstick or
physical humor. Examples of farce include the play Waiting for Godot by Samuel
Beckett and the hit 1980 movie Airplane!, written by Jim Abrahams.

 Melodrama: An exaggerated form of drama, melodramas depict classic one-

dimensional characters such as heroes, heroines, and villains dealing with sensational,
romantic, and often perilous situations. Sometimes called “tearjerkers,” examples of
 melodramas include the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and the
classic movie of love during the Civil War, Gone With the Wind, based on Margaret
Mitchell’s novel.
 Opera: This versatile genre of drama combines theater, dialogue, music, and dance to
tell grand stories of tragedy or comedy. Since characters express their feelings and
intentions through song rather than dialogue, performers must be both skilled actors
and singers. The decidedly tragic La Bohème, by Giacomo Puccini, and the bawdy
comedy Falstaff, by Giuseppe Verdi are classic examples of opera.
 Docudrama: A relatively new genre, docudramas are dramatic portrayals of historic
events or non-fictional situations. More often presented in movies and television than
in live theater, popular examples of docudramas include the movies Apollo 13 and 12
Years a Slave, based on the autobiography written by Solomon Northup.

Movie Analysis –

In modern days movie or film analysis became one of the important part of every film
industry. In recent times one movies successfulness or unsuccessfulness is highly dependable
on its analysis by different film expert.

Meaning of Movie or film analysis –

Film analysis is the process in which a film is analyzed in terms of mise-en-scène,

cinematography, sound, and editing. One way of analyzing films is by the shot-by-shot
analysis, though that is typically used only for small clips or scenes. Film analysis is closely
connected to film theory.

Different authors suggest various approaches to film analysis. Jacques Aumont and Michel
Marie in their publication Analysis of Film propose several key points regarding film
analysis.

(1) There is general method of film analysis,

(2) film analysis can never be concluded as there will always be something more to explore
and
(3) it is necessary for one to have knowledge about film history in order to perform a film
analysis.

They recognize various types of approaches:

(1) Text-based film analysis (structural approach),

(2) Topic based analysis (narrative approach),

(3) Picture and sound approach (iconic analysis),

(4) Psychoanalytical approach and

(5) Historical approach.

Another methodology is suggested by Thomas and Vivian Sobchack in their publication

Introduction to film. They suggest viewer can observe following elements: (1) analysis of
film space, (2) analysis of film time and (3) film sound. As they focus mainly on iconic
aspects of film they further propose additional elements: the image, tone, composition, and
movement.

Needs and Importance of Movie Analysis –

I. It provides a clear picture about the movie, weather it is good or bad.

II. Movie analysis provides information and discussion about particular
movies different sides like story, acting, plot for audience.
III. A bias free movie analysis helps the director to notice what mistakes are
done in the movie.
IV. Another important thing is that a movie analysis helps the audience to
decide whether it is watchable or not.
V. One of the most important need and importance of movie analysis is that
it helps the film industry to bring new things and present new ideas,
concepts and uniqueness in the films.

Documentary - A documentary is a film or television or radio programme that gives facts

and information about a subject.
A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of
reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record.
"Documentary" has been described as a "filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and
mode of audience reception" that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.
Documentary films were originally called 'actuality' films and were only a minute or less in
length. Over time documentaries have evolved to be longer in length and to include more
categories, such as educational, observational, and even 'docufiction'. Documentaries are also
educational and often used in schools to teach various principles. Social media platforms such
as YouTube, have allowed documentary films to improve the ways the films are distributed
and able to educate and broaden the reach of people who receive the information

Types of Documentary-

i. Participatory documentaries-

Participatory documentaries believe that it is impossible for the act of filmmaking to not
influence or alter the events being filmed. What these films do is emulate the approach of the
anthropologist: participant-observation. Not only is the filmmaker part of the film, we also
get a sense of how situations in the film are affected or altered by their presence. Nichols:
"The filmmaker steps out from behind the cloak of voice-over commentary, steps away from
poetic meditation, steps down from a fly-on-the-wall perch, and becomes a social actor
(almost) like any other. The encounter between filmmaker and subject becomes a critical
element of the film.

ii. Reflexive documentaries

Reflexive documentaries do not see themselves as a transparent window on the world;

instead, they draw attention to their own contractedness, and the fact that they are
representations. How does the world get represented by documentary films? This question is
central to this subgenre of films. They prompt us to "question the authenticity of documentary
in general." It is the most self-conscious of all the modes, and is highly skeptical of 'realism'.
It may use Brechtian alienation strategies to jar us, in order to 'defamiliarize' what we are
seeing and how we are seeing it.
iii. Performative documentaries

Performative documentaries stress subjective experience and emotional response to the

world. They are strongly personal, unconventional, perhaps poetic and/or experimental, and
might include hypothetical enactments of events designed to make us experience what it
might be like for us to possess a certain specific perspective on the world that is not our own.
This subgenre might also lend itself to certain groups to 'speak about themselves.' Often, a
battery of techniques, many borrowed from fiction or avant-garde films, are used.
Performative docs often link up personal accounts or experiences with larger political or
historical realities.

iv.Educational Films

Documentaries are shown in schools around the world in order to educate students. Used to
introduce various topics to children, they are often used with a school lesson or shown many
times to reinforce an idea.

Needs and Importance of Documentary Films –

i. Documentary present important facts, data, information, and situation in front of

audience.
ii. They serve as powerful tools that bring important topics to the table in a
captivating way that also sparks conversation, and sometimes even social
movements.
iii. Documentaries provide an opportunity to understand and connect with the world,
they are also a great way to gather together with friends to watch and engage
around the important issues of our times.
iv. They remind us of the real people on the opposite side of an issue, the complexity,
and nuances of the different conditions in which we live, and the importance of
honest and earnest discussions.
v. Hearing and seeing these real experiences through the dedicated work of
documentary filmmakers helps us put ourselves in the shoes of others, building
bridges of empathy in a world that desperately needs our engagement and
compassion
Biography –

Biography is the story of the life of a person written by someone else, or the area of literature
relating to books that describe such stories. Biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description
of a person's life. It involves more than just the basic facts like education, work, relationships,
and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events. Unlike a profile a biography
presents a subject's life story, highlighting various aspects of his or her life, including
intimate details of experience, and may include an analysis of the subject's personality.

Biographical works are usually non-fiction, but fiction can also be used to portray a person's
life. One in-depth form of biographical coverage is called legacy writing. Works in diverse
media, from literature to film, form the genre known as biography.

Need and Importance of Biography –

i. Biography provides information about an individual’s unknown or known facts

and information or data in a systematic way.
ii. Biography helps to make tell our story to the future generations and keep our
legacy alive.
iii. Biographies help us to develop a different perspective of life. Especially when we
are in a situation where to take decisions regarding different sets of pepole the
wisdom of reading biographies help a lot.
iv. It helps to know about a person closely because biography is combination of those
pages which describes the life events and that person has went through, the
mindset, the circumstances, the decisions, the struggles, the failures, the mistakes,
relationship, work ethics, the dedication, the sacrifices that has given the ripen
fruit as they got afterwards.
v. Biography and Autobiography tells us the way a person has grown themselves in
order to become the one that changed the world.
Importance of EPC in School Curriculum –

a. For Course –

 EPC provides a foundation for building a course which helps in bringing and
development of creativity among the students.
 Different topics of EPC like drama, art or physical activity helps the students
to develop their aesthetic sensibilities.
 Only knowledge of text books cannot helps the students to survive in the
modern age. They have to learn about other activities also like development
of self and it will help to acquire knowledge about outer world.

B. For Students –

 EPC helps in develop the confidence level of students. It builds students confidence
level. There is something special about practicing in the arts or other programs of
EPC. Getting up on a stage and singing, this gives the students a chance to build the
confidence level strong.
 EPC helps in growth of creativity of students.
 EPC also helps in develop the motor skills and motor abilities.
 EPC helps the students to show their inner talents and express their fillings. Activity
like Art and Drama of EPC helps in expressing their fillings.
 EPC develop the level of creativity of students.
 EPC also helps to learn the students how to use the leisure time.
 EPC also helps the students to busy themselves in creative works.
 EPC develop the creativity of students.

For Teacher –

 EPC helps a teacher to learn better ways to teach. EPC for teachers makes them more
efficient in their presentations and course evaluations by exposing educators to new
delivery method.
 It helps the teacher to understand the student’s inner capabilities.
 It helps the teacher to build a strong relationship with students. Activity like drama
and art helps the teacher to know the students from very close.
 EPC programmes can enable teacher to expand knowledge base in different subject’s
areas. The more professional development a teacher undergoes, the more knowledge
and industry insight he/she gains.
Impact of EPC on personal Life –

EPC not only plays an important role in education but also plays an important role in
personal life. Different programmes’ of EPC has so many impacts in our personal life.
Some of them are –