UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA

REVISION 1

ACADEMIC SESSION 2017/2018 : SEMESTER 1

WIXES1001: COMPUTING MATHEMATICS I

October 2017 TIME : 2:00 hours

_______________________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES :

Answer All questions .

1. Let U be the universal set, and A, B and C be sets in U. Using suitable examples for U, A, B and
C, show that Error: Reference source not found = A '  B '  C ' and Error: Reference source not
found = A '  B '  C ' .

Answer: Let U = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30}, A = {5, 10, 15, 20}, B = {15, 20} and C= {5, 20, 25} .

i) A’ = {25, 30}, B’ = {5, 10, 25, 30}, C’ = {10, 15, 30} (2 Marks)
ii) A '  B '  C ' = {5, 10, 15, 25, 30}, (1 Mark)
iii) A '  B '  C ' = {30} (1 Mark)
iv) (AError: Reference source not found = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25}, so Error: Reference source not
found = {30} ( 2 Marks)
v) ( A Error: Reference source not found= {20}, so Error: Reference source not found = {5, 10,
15, 25, 30} ( 2 Marks)

2. Shade the region that satisfies the following expressions based on the given Venn Diagram. Use a
separate Venn diagram for each expression.
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i) (A  B)  C
ii) A  ( B  C)
iii) B'
iv) ( A  B)
v) (A  C) – (C - B)
(10 Marks)

Answer (2 Marks for each part)

i)

ii)

iii)

iv)

v)

3. If A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {5, 7, 9} and f : A  B is given by f(2) = 5, f(4) = 7 and f(6) = 9. Find

i) The domain of f
ii) The range of f
iii) Draw a mapping diagram for f
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iv) The inverse function, f -1

Answer:

i) D(f) = A = {2, 4, 6}

i) R(f) = B = {5, 7, 9}

5
ii) 2
7
4

6 9

v) Given that f(2) = 5, f(4) = 7 and f(6) = 9,

Hence f = {(2,5), (4, 7), (6, 9)}

Hence , f -1

= {(5, 2), (7, 4), (9, 6)}

4. Consider the Relation R1 with the Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and the Co-domain {a, e, i, o,
u} and the rule {x, y}is in R if the English word for number x contains the vowel y.

i) Create a mapping diagram for R1.

ii) Consider the Relation R2 with the Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and the Co-domain {{1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and the rule (x, y) is in R if y < 2x < y2. Create a mapping diagram for R2.
Is R2 an equivalence relation?

iii) Consider the relation R3 with the Domain {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and the (x, y) is in R if
x – y is divisible by 3. Find R3. Is R3 a function?

Answer
i) {1,o), (1,e). (2, o), (3, e), (4,o), (4,u), (5,i), (5,e), (6,i). No because (4,o) and (4,u).

ii) R2 = {(2,3), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (5,4), (5,5)}. R is not an equivalence
relation because R2 is not reflexive (2, 2) is not in R, R is not symmetric because
(3, 2) is not in R2. R2 is not transitive because (5, 4), (4,3) is in R but (5,3) not in R.

iii) R3 = {(1,1), (1,4), (1,7), (2,2), (2,5), (2,8), (3,3), (3,6), (4,1), (4,4), (4,7), (5,2), (5,5),
(5,8), (6,3), (6,6), (7,1), (7,4), (7,7), (8,2), (8,5), (8,8)}. R3 is not a function
because (1,4 ) and (1,7) are both in R( 1 value in the domain maps on two
values in the co-domain.)
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5. The relation R2 on the set C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} has the rule that (s, t) is in R2 if s – t is divisible
by 3.
i) List R2

ii) Is R2 reflexive?
iii) Is R2 symmetric
iv) Is R2 transitive

Answer

i) {(1,1), (1, 4), (1, 7), (2,2), (2, 5), (2,8), (3,3), (3, 6), (4,4), (4,1), (4,7), (5,5), (5,2), (5,8),
(6,6), (6,3), (7,7), (7,1), (7,4), (8,8), (8,2), (8,5)}

R2 is reflexive, symmetric a

6. Consider the Relation R with domain, D = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and the range, R = {a, e, i, o, u} and
the rule that (p, q) is in R if the English word for the number p contains the vowel q.

i) List out the ordered pairs of R

ii) Draw a mapping diagram for R
iii) Is R a function? State your reasons.

Answer i) {(1,e), (1, o), (2, o), (3, e), (4, o), (4, u), (5, e), (5, i), (6, i)} iii) R is not a function
because 4 and 5 maps onto two different values

7. i) Let R1 be the relation "is the brother or sister of" defined on the set of living human
beings at a pre-specified instant of time. Is R1 equivalent?

ii) Let R2 be the relation "has exactly the same first name as" defined on the set of
living human beings at a prespecified instant of time. Is R2 equivalent?

iii) A relation R3 is specified on the set of integers such that

R3 = {(a, b): a, b  Z , a  b 2 }

Answer

i) symmetric but neither transitive nor reflexive. Since x is never the sibling of x, the
relation is not reflexive. If R were symmetric and transitive, xRy (this is shorthand for
(x,y) belongs to R) would imply yRx (correct), but then if R were transitive (it is not)
xRy and yRx would imply xRx which is not so.

ii) an equivalence relation.. Each person has the same first name as himself/herself; hence,
the relation is reflexive. For any pair of people a and b, if a has the same first name as
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b, then b has the same first name as a; hence, the relation is symmetric. For any triple of
people a, b, and c, if a has the same first name as b and b has the same first name as c,
then a has the same first name as c; hence, the relation is transitive. As indicated in the
remarks following question 1, the combined properties of reflexivity, symmetry and
transitivity make the relation an equivalence relation.

iii) This relation is not reflexive (eg. (2,2), (4,4) is not in R3 but (4,2) is in R3,
symmetric (16,4) is in R3 but (4,16) is not, not transitive because (16,4) and (4,2) is in
R3 but (16,2) is not.

8. Let R be the relation on Z defined by (x, y) ∈ R if and only if y − x is divisible by p,

where p ∈Z. Is R an equivalence relation? State your reasons.

ANS:
(x, x) ∈ R since x − x = 0 = p · 0, thus, reflexive and clearly if y − x is divisible by p then so is x
− y, so R is symmetric. Finally, if
y − x = pk1and z − y = pk2 then z − y + y − x = z − x = p(k1 + k2), so R is transitive. We deduce that R
is an equivalence relation on Z.

9. Let R be the relation on Z defined by (x, y) ∈ R if and only if y − x is divisible by an integer, p.

Is R an equivalence relation? State your reasons.

ANS:
(x, x) ∈ R since x − x = 0 = z · 0, and clearly if y − x is divisible by p then so is x − y, so R is
symmetric. Finally, if
y − x = pk1and z − y = pk2 then z − y + y − x = z − x = p(k1 + k2), so R is transitive. We deduce that R
is an equivalence relation on Z.

10. Let g : N  R defined as g(x) = x2 + 4x + 8. Is g

i) Injective
ii) Surjective
iii) Bijective

Hence, or otherwise, find g-1

Answer:: g(x ) = g(x ) => x + 4 x2 + 8 = x + 4 x + 8

1 2 1
2 1
2
2
2

=> (x – x ) + 4(x – x ) = 0
1
2
2
2
1 2

=> x = x
1 2

Hence f is one-one/injective
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Let y A be any element then g(x) = y

x2 +4x+8 = y

:(x + 2)2 + 4 = y

 :(x + 2)2 = y - 4
:(x + 2) = sqrt(y – 4)
 x = sqrt(y – 4) – 2 (since x N), thus g is surjective and bijective

To find g-1

 (x + 2)2 + 4 = y
 (y + 2)2 + 4 = x
(y + 2)2 = x- 4
 y + 2 = sqrt(x-4)
 y = sqrt( x – 4) -2
 Thus , g-1 = sqrt( x – 4) -2

11. Determine if the following function is bijective. State your reasons.

i) f = {(2, 4), (5, 2), (3,−1), (4,−1)}

ii) g = {(2, 4), (5, 2), (3,−1), (0, 0)}

iii) h : R → R with h(x) = 3x – 15

Answer: i) f not bijective because not 1:1, ii) g is bijective because it is 1:1 and surjective iii) bijective
i.e. 1:1 and surjective.

11. Find the inverse of the following functions:

i) f ( x )  e 4 x 1

ii) f ( x)  1  2 x 3

iii) f ( x)  3(10) x 1

3
iv) f ( x)  , x 1
4x  4

x 1
v) f ( x)  , x 2
x2
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ln( x  1) x 3  4x
Answer: i) , ii) 12 – 2x, iii) ((1- x)/2)1/3, iv) f ( x)  log( )  1 , v) , vi)
4 3 4x
1  2x
x 1

12. For each of the following functions f: R −→ R, decide whether the function is injective,
whether it is surjective, and whether it is bijective.

(a) f ( x)  x 3  1
 x 2 , x  0

(b) f ( x)  0, 0  x  1
x  1, x  1

(c) f ( x )   4 x  5
(d) f ( x )  2 x 3  11
Answer:

Answer

(a) Each horizontal line meets the graph of f at exactly one point. Hence f is bijective.
(b) Each horizontal line meets the graph in at least one point; the function is surjective. But the
horizontal line y = 0 meets the graph at infinitely many points, hence f is not injective.

c)

If

Therefore,

Hence is injective.

Suppose,

Since,

Therefore,
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Hence is surjective.

Therefore f is bijective.
d) (Bijective)

13. Find the inverse of the following functions:

i) f ( x )  e 4 x 1

ii) f ( x)  1  2 x 3

iii) f ( x)  3(10) x 1

3
iv) f ( x)  , x 1
4x  4

x 1
v) f ( x)  , x 2
x2

ln( x  1) x 3  4x
Answer: i) , ii) 12 – 2x, iii) ((1- x)/2)1/3, iv) f ( x)  log( )  1 , v) , vi)
4 3 4x
1  2x
x 1

14. Find appropriate functions, f(x) and g(x) for the following composite functions:

i) fog(x ) = x 2  2
ii) fog(x ) = e 2 x
iii) fog(x ) = ln(1 + e x )
iv) fog(x ) = 2 cos (2x + 1)
v) fog(x ) = (1 / x) / (1 + x).

Answer:
i) f(x) = x  2 , g(x) = x 2 , fog(x) = f( x 2 ) = x 2  2
ii) f(x) = e x , g(x) = 2x, fog(x) = f(2x) = e 2 x
iii) f(x) = ln(x), g(x) = 1 + e x , fog(x) =f(1 + e x ) = ln(1 + e x )
iv) f(x) = 2cos (x), g(x) 2x + 1, fog(x) = 2cos (2x + 1)
v) f(x) = x / (1 + 1/x) , g(x) = 1 / x and fog(x) = (1 / x) / (1 + x)
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