Tech Salaries

2015
SALARY GUIDE
FOR TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS
EVOLVING TECHNOLOGY
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ......................................................................1

About the 2015 Salary Guide ..................................................... 2
Hiring Trends and Retention Strategies .......................................3
20 Years of Evolving Technology ................................................7
1994: The Dawn of the Digital Revolution ..................................8
Technology Evolution Timeline: 1994-2014 ................................9
A Look Ahead: The Next 20 Years ............................................13
Technology Salaries – United States .........................................15
Technology Salaries – Canada .................................................19
Local Variances .......................................................................23
Glossary of Job Descriptions....................................................26
About Robert Half Technology ..................................................47
Worldwide Locations ...............................................................49
All trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.
IBM computer photograph on the cover © Mark Richards. Courtesy of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, Calif.
Robert Half Technology 2015 Salary Guide | rht.com 1

About the 2015 Salary Guide
Compensation may not be the only factor that determines your

employees’ satisfaction on the job. But it’s certainly one of the 1 SALARY CALCULATOR
most important elements when it comes to recruiting the best
2 HIRING TRENDS
technology professionals and convincing them to stay on board.
3 JOB DESCRIPTIONS
It’s crucial to ensure the salaries you offer are competitive with those of other firms
in your industry and geographic region. For that reason, every organization should 4 AND MORE
benchmark its salaries periodically. To help businesses do just that, Robert Half
Technology releases a Salary Guide every year, complete with the most up-to-date
information and advice on starting compensation, workplace issues and the current
hiring outlook.
We are pleased to present the 2015 Salary Guide, which forecasts compensation
trends across a wide array of technology positions. Salaries reflect starting pay only
and do not include bonuses and other forms of compensation. The information
For additional insights on
is based on the market observations of our Robert Half Technology staffing and compensation and staffing,
recruiting professionals, and the thousands of interim and full-time placements we please visit our Salary Center
make each year, as well as our frequent surveys of CIOs and other IT professionals. at rht.com/salary-center.
As you grow and build your workforce this year, we hope you’ll find the information
in this guide useful. For more about compensation and staffing, please visit our
Salary Center at rht.com/salary-center.

Hiring Trends and Retention Strategies
Mobile, Security and Big Data: The supply of highly skilled technology
Three Drivers for Technology professionals is expected to remain
Hiring in 2015 below demand for the foreseeable
future, especially as companies across
Employers are likely to have difficulty
all industries look for specialized talent
finding skilled talent for a range of
in three main areas: mobile, security
technology roles in 2015, according
and big data. Employers’ focus on
to research by Robert Half Technology.
hiring for these specific areas is a
Although 89 percent of technology
direct reflection of current business
executives reported being somewhat
trends. And two of these areas –
or very confident about their compa-
mobile and big data – are core com-
nies’ growth prospects, 61 percent
ponents of what International Data
said they are facing recruiting chal-
Corporation calls the “third platform”
lenges.1 According to the U.S. Depart-
of computing, which is expected to
ment of Labor’s Bureau of Labor
accelerate the transformation of IT
Statistics, the unemployment rate for
and is closely linked to the emerging
many IT positions is significantly lower
Internet of Things.2
than the national average.
1
Robert Half Technology IT Hiring Forecast and Local Trend Report, Robert Half Technology, June 25, 2014:
http://rht.mediaroom.com/2014-06-25-U-S-CIOs- Reveal-Hiring-Plans-For-Next-Six-Months.
2
“Internet of Things Market to Hit $7.1 Trillion by 2020: IDC,” by Leon Spencer, ZDNet, June 5, 2014:
http://www.zdnet.com/internet-of-things-market-to-hit-7-1-trillion-by-2020-idc-7000030236/.

Mobile Security Certified Information Systems Security

Professional (CISSP) can expect to earn
Our increasingly mobile and application- Keeping data secure and protecting
even higher compensation.
centric world demands that companies company servers and cloud applications
connect in meaningful ways with clients, from cyber threats is a priority for any Big Data
consumers and employees anytime, modern business. Any company that has Many companies are only just launching
anywhere, through any device. More a website, engages in e-commerce or col- big data initiatives, while others are well
than 70 percent of organizations have lects data needs IT security professionals. advanced in their efforts to transform raw
implemented some type of mobile strategy, Trends such as cloud computing, bring data into actionable intelligence for busi-
according to research by Robert Half your own device (BYOD), mobility and ness decision-making, strategy-setting
Technology.3 As companies expand virtualization – technologies businesses and innovation. But regardless of where
their mobile initiatives, the need for must have if they are to remain competi- any organization stands in harnessing
professionals who can develop applica- tive and innovative – are only making it the potential of its ever-growing quantity
tions for smartphones, tablets and other more difficult for IT teams to stay on top of data, it needs skilled professionals
mobile devices will only increase. of threats, intrusions and vulnerabilities. who know how to retrieve, interpret,
Mobile applications developers are already Not surprisingly, data security analysts, analyze and report on that data – which
in high demand – and, as was the case systems security administrators, network often must be gathered from disparate
in 2014, can expect to see increases in security administrators, network secu- sources. Big data-related roles, includ-
starting compensation in the year ahead. rity engineers and information systems ing data architect, data modeler and
security managers are all highly sought. data analyst/report writer, are in high
Accordingly, these are positions for which demand. Skilled business intelligence
many employers are prepared to offer analysts are particularly marketable in
higher salaries in 2015. Candidates with the current environment.
in-demand security certifications such as
3
“Disconnected? More Than One-Quarter of U.S. CIOs Report Their Organization Has No Mobile Technology Strategy,”
Robert Half Technology, March 25, 2014: http://rht.mediaroom.com/2014-03-25-Disconnected-More-Than-One-
Quarter-Of-U-S-CIOs-Report-Their-Organization-Has-No-Mobile-Technology-Strategy.

Retention: Know What Tech leaving. Candidates surveyed by Robert • Keep burnout under control. High-
Professionals Want Half Technology who said they would be tech does not have to equal high
looking for a job in 2015 cited lack of stress. Promote realistic workloads,
Finding and hiring in-demand technol-
advancement potential and the need for bring in project professionals when
ogy professionals is only half the battle
a new challenge as the top two primary full-time employees are at capacity,
for employers. Retention can be an even
motivations for moving on.5 and tackle morale issues immediately
more difficult challenge, especially in a
So, while employers may feel pressure to to help prevent staff from feeling over-
market where skilled candidates know
offer “wow” perks like many leading tech loaded and unhappy.
they are in demand, are feeling more
secure about their job prospects and firms do, the following actions also can • Support a culture of innovation.
are more willing to explore new employ- go a long way toward retaining What’s the number-one reason many
ment opportunities. In fact, more than in-demand IT talent: tech professionals prefer to work for a
one-third of IT professionals surveyed by • Offer competitive compensation. Pay startup? Less structure, more innova-
Robert Half Technology said they plan to always plays a large role in job satis- tion. That’s what more than one-third
search for a new technology job in the faction, so ensure what you offer is in of IT workers surveyed by Robert Half
coming year.4 line with, or even above, what competi- Technology said.6 Minimizing bureau-
tors in your market are providing. cracy can help; it was the top obstacle
Many organizations are focusing more on
to innovation cited by 30 percent of
retention to avoid losing strong perform- • Develop programs that support respondents to the same survey.
ers. They are offering creative incentives, career growth and work/life balance.
from travel opportunities to on-site health Provide a well-defined career path for
services, along with generous compensa- technology professionals and create
tion packages. However, perks like these the type of work environment that will
aren’t the only incentives that can keep persuade them to stay, regardless of
valued technology professionals from economic conditions.
4
IT Worker Survey, Robert Half Technology, June 2014.
5
Ibid.
6
Ibid.

PERCENTAGE OF COMPANIES THAT OFFER THE FOLLOWING BENEFITS:
95%
Medical insurance
92%
Paid time off
89%
Dental insurance
81%
Life insurance
75%
Retirement benefits
57%
Flexible work hours
45%
Subsidized training or education
35%
Work-at-home options
35%
On-site cafeteria/subsidized food
18%
On-site perks, such as dry cleaning, fitness center, etc.
15%
Matching gifts to charitable organizations
10%
Subsidized transportation
10%
Mentoring programs
Source: Robert Half Technology survey of more than 1,100 technology workers. Conducted in June 2014.

20 Years of Evolving Technology
Robert Half Technology was founded in innovation starts with people. That’s the Growth in IT Salaries
1994 to give employers access to tech- mantra we live by, and it’s served us
nology professionals with the specialized well over the last two decades.
skills that were becoming increasingly To celebrate our 20-year anniversary, our
essential to business operations. Today, 2015 Salary Guide takes a look back at
the candidates we place in temporary how – and how much – technology and
and full-time roles are needed for the people and positions behind it have
much more than just “keeping the lights evolved over the past two decades.
on” for their organizations. They are
mission-critical to helping businesses For additional information on
compete, achieve strategic objectives technology trends, please visit our blog
and reach new heights of innovation. at blog.rht.com, where you can find
hiring and management advice, career
At Robert Half Technology, we’re extreme resources and tech news.
believers in technical innovation and the
remarkable things it can do. But we also Software Engineer 2015
know that behind every smart piece of Innovation starts with people. $96,000 - $147,250 (2015)
software, every powerful processor and $45,000 - $62,000 (1994)
every brilliant line of code is an even
more brilliant person. In other words, Database Manager
$112,250 - $160,250 (2015)
$62,500 - $77,500 (1994)
1994

1994: The Dawn of the Digital Revolution
On Jan. 11, 1994, leaders from Tim Berners-Lee had invented the World “The Internet was growing at a rate of 2,300
industry, government and academia Wide Web and introduced the first web percent annually – an eye-popping statistic
convened at UCLA for a “Superhighway browser in 1990.8,9 The Internet was that caught the attention, and imagination,
Summit” to discuss both the implications growing at a rate of 2,300 percent per of entrepreneur Jeff Bezos, who launched
and opportunities of the emerging Inter- month – an eye-popping statistic that e-commerce site Amazon a year later.”
net. At the summit, U.S. Vice President caught the attention, and imagination, of
Al Gore famously called the Internet the entrepreneur Jeff Bezos, who launched
“information superhighway.”7 e-commerce site Amazon a year later.10
While attendees of the Superhighway The digital revolution was firmly under
Summit could sense the Internet was way in 1994, though only a small popu-
about to spark tremendous change in lation was truly aware of it. But that was
how organizations and people com- all about to change – fast. That year,
municate and access information, they the world was introduced to Internet
likely could not envision just how rapidly portal Yahoo, and the dot-com bubble
that change would come – and extend
to all corners of the globe.
The Internet was new to the population at
large, even though it was already being
began to take shape. Microsoft released
its beta for Windows 95, its first con-
sumer-oriented operating system. JPEG
brought images to the Web. HotWired
1994
used by millions of people, predomi- created the first banner ad.11 Red Hat
nantly in government and academia. Linux was founded – and so, too, was
Robert Half Technology.
7
“The National Information Infrastructure,” Superhighway Summit Keynote Speech by U.S. Vice President Al Gore,
Jan. 11, 1994: http://www.speeches-usa.com/Transcripts/al_gore-internet.html.
8
“Tim Berners-Lee,” World Wide Web Consortium: http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/.
9
“The WorldWideWeb Browser,” World Wide Web Consortium: http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/WorldWideWeb.html.
10
“Jeff Bezos: The King of E-Commerce,” Entrepreneur, Oct. 10, 2008: http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197608#.
11
“The First Ever Banner Ad: Why Did It Work So Well?” by Joe McCambley, Media Network Blog, The Guardian, Dec. 12, 2013:
http://www.theguardian.com/media-network/media-network-blog/2013/dec/12/first-ever-banner-ad-advertising.

Technology Evolution Timeline: 1994-2014
The evolution of technology that has Internet. Personal digital assistants 1999: TECH POSITIONS IN HIGH DEMAND:
unfolded, and accelerated rapidly, since (PDAs) and digital handheld phones • Network architects
1994 is staggering. Here are just a few abound. Apple breaks new ground with • Help desk/end-user support professionals
of the innovations – along with hiring its colorful clamshell-shaped iBook – the • Internet/intranet developers
trends in the technology profession – first computer sold with internal wireless
that we’ve witnessed over the past networking. Google celebrates its first
20 years:12 birthday. It seems like everyone is work-
1999: Wiki, Java and Flash enter the ing at – or starting – a dot-com. Many
lexicon, and blog soon will follow. of these businesses are burning through
Broadband brings us high-speed venture capital yet not turning a profit.
1995 1996 1997 1998

1999
12
All information for “Tech Positions in High Demand” is based on research from Robert Half Technology.

2004: The dot-com bubble is long Harvard University student Mark 2004: TECH POSITIONS IN HIGH DEMAND:
burst. (By 2003, “nearly 5,000 Internet Zuckerberg launches Facebook. The • Data security analysts
companies had either been acquired or future for Microsoft development, the • Applications architects
shut down in a massive sector con- Microsoft .NET framework, emerges. • Senior Internet/intranet developers
solidation.”13) But social networking is Motorola markets its Razr as the first
rising: Myspace is poised to become the “fashion phone.”14 Who isn’t down-
most-visited social networking site in the loading MP3s from iTunes to Apple’s
world. LinkedIn is six months old. game-changing iPods?
2000 2001 2002 2003

2004
13
“Dot-com ‘Casualties’ Near 5,000,” Silicon Valley Business Journal, March 11, 2003: http://www.bizjournals.com/
sanjose/stories/2003/03/10/daily19.html?page=all.
14
“Watch the Incredible 70-Year Evolution of the Cell Phone,” by Justin Meyers, Business Insider, May 6, 2011:
http://www.businessinsider.com/complete-visual-history-of-cell-phones-2011-5?op=1.

2009: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML Apple is preparing to release its iPhone 2009: TECH POSITIONS IN HIGH DEMAND:
help make Web 2.0 a reality. Multicore 3GS. Google’s Android mobile OS hits • Web developers
processors boost our computing power. the scene. By year-end, there will be • Programmer analysts
Facebook becomes the largest social net- more than 18 million people tweeting on • Help desk professionals
work in the world. We’re watching and microblog service Twitter.
posting videos on YouTube.
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

2014: There are more than 1 billion web- The wearable technology market is grow- 2014: TECH POSITIONS IN HIGH DEMAND:
sites.15 By the end of the year, there will be ing, and many of us wonder if one day • Mobile applications developers
more than 1.7 billion smartphone users.16 soon we will actually wear Google Glass.20 • Software developers
We spend most of our mobile media time Over the past two decades, we’ve moved • Business intelligence analysts
using apps like Candy Crush Saga and from imagining what the Internet will
Instagram.17 There are 90 million users bring to wondering how we were able
of iPads and other tablets in the United to live or work without it. The technology
States alone.18 When we work – which is advancements that have happened both
anywhere with a wireless connection – we directly and indirectly because of the
teleconference and web conference and Internet have created a world where com-
video chat with colleagues and custom- munication, collaboration and innovation
ers around the globe. We’re using data occur between organizations and people
visualization tools to extract value from anywhere, anytime and all the time.
our big data stores.19
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

15
“Total Number of Websites,” Internet Live Stats: http://www.internetlivestats.com/total-number-of-websites/.
16
“Smartphone Users Worldwide Will Total 1.75 Billion in 2014,” eMarketer, Jan. 26, 2014: http://www.emarketer.com/
Article/Smartphone-Users-Worldwide-Will-Total-175-Billion-2014/1010536.
17
“An Era of Growth: The Cross-Platform Report,” Nielsen, March 5, 2014: http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/reports/2014/
an-era-of-growth-the-cross-platform-report.html.
18
“One in Three Online Consumers to Use a Tablet by 2014,” eMarketer, Nov. 21, 2011: http://www.emarketer.com/
Article.aspx?R=1008701.
19
“Data Visualization Is the Future – Here’s Why,” by Dorie Clark, Forbes, March 10, 2014: http://www.forbes.com/sites/
dorieclark/2014/03/10/data-visualization-is-the-future-heres-why.
20
“Wearable Technology Will Keep Mobile App Developers in Overdrive,” by Robert Mann, Robert Half Technology Tech
Blog, Dec. 18, 2013: http://blog.rht.com/wearable-technology-mobile-app-developers/.

A Look Ahead: The Next 20 Years
So where can we expect the rapid By 2025, “information sharing over the “The Turing test will be passed – the moment
advancement in technology we’ve seen Internet will be so effortlessly interwoven at which a computer will exhibit intelligent
over the past two decades to take us in into daily life that it will become invisible, behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable
the next 20 years? Here are just a few flowing like electricity, often through from, that of a human.”
predictions from the experts: machine intermediaries.”22
By 2020, there will be 50 billion devices By 2029, the Turing test will be passed
connected to the Internet.21 – “the moment at which a computer will
exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent
to, or indistinguishable from, that of
a human.”23
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

21
“The Internet of Things,” Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group, http://share.cisco.com/internet-of-things.html.
22
Digital Life in 2025, by Janna Anderson and Lee Rainie, The Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project,
March 11, 2014: http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/03/11/digital-life-in-2025/.
23
“Are the Robots About to Rise? Google’s New Director of Engineering Thinks So,” by Carole Cadwalladr, The Observer,
Feb. 22, 2014: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/22/robots-google-ray-kurzweil-terminator-singularity-
artificial-intelligence.

A Look Ahead: The Next 20 Years
By 2030, “the average person in the coming of quantum computing, which “The Web, as a single space largely made up
U.S. will have 4.5 packages a week will take us beyond the world of binary, of web pages accessed on computers, will
delivered with flying drones. They digital computing, on and off, black be long gone … we will be talking about the
will travel 40 percent of the time in a and white, 0s and 1s.”25 coming of quantum computing, which will
driverless car, use a 3-D printer to print Of course, we can’t know for sure what take us beyond the world of binary.”25
hyper-individualized meals, and will disruptive technologies the next 20
spend most of their leisure time on an years will bring or how the technology
activity that hasn’t been invented yet.”24 profession will evolve because of those
And by 2035, “the Web, as a single changes. However, we are able to
space largely made up of web pages project the salaries for the coming year,
accessed on computers, will be long which are included on the following
gone … we will be talking about the pages, based on our research.
2030 2031 2032 2033 2034

2035
24
“33 Dramatic Predictions for 2030,” by Thomas Frey, The Futurist, Dec. 23, 2013: http://www.wfs.org/blogs/
thomas-frey/33-dramatic-predictions-for-2030.
25
“20 Predictions for the Next 25 Years,” by Naomi Alderman, The Observer, Jan. 1, 2011: http://www.theguardian.com/
society/2011/jan/02/25-predictions-25-years.

Technology Salaries – United States
Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

Administration
Chief Information Officer (CIO) $153,000 - $246,750 $157,000 - $262,500 4.9%
(a) Add the percentage below, based on national
Chief Technology Officer (CTO) $132,250 - $205,750 $137,500 - $220,250 5.8% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Chief Security Officer (CSO) $126,750 - $189,750 $134,250 - $204,750 7.1% AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6%
Vice President of Information Technology $134,750 - $196,750 $138,000 - $210,250 5.1% Business Objects skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Technology Director $113,500 - $165,000 $118,750 - $174,000 5.1% C# development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
C++ development skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Information Technology Manager $ 99,000 - $142,250 $101,750 - $150,750 4.7% Hyperion skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Applications Development (a) Java development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Java EE/J2EE development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Manager $100,500 - $142,250 $103,250 - $150,750 4.6% LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and
Project Manager $ 88,500 - $131,500 $ 91,250 - $139,250 4.8% Perl/PHP/Python) skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
.NET development skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Systems Analyst $ 76,250 - $108,750 $ 79,500 - $114,500 4.9% PHP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Applications Architect $109,750 - $148,750 $115,750 - $159,500 6.5% SAP development skills . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6%
SharePoint skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10%
Business Systems Analyst $ 75,500 - $109,750 $ 79,250 - $116,500 5.7%
CRM Business Analyst $ 80,000 - $109,000 $ 84,500 - $116,750 6.5%
CRM Technical Developer $ 89,500 - $119,750 $ 93,500 - $129,250 6.5%
Developer/Programmer Analyst $ 69,250 - $122,750 $ 74,250 - $129,000 5.9%
ERP Business Analyst $ 83,750 - $115,250 $ 87,500 - $124,500 6.5%
ERP Technical/Functional Analyst $ 90,000 - $125,000 $ 94,750 - $132,000 5.5%
ERP Technical Developer $ 94,250 - $130,250 $ 99,750 - $136,750 5.3%
Lead Applications Developer $ 99,750 - $137,750 $106,250 - $148,250 7.2%
Mobile Applications Developer $100,000 - $144,000 $107,500 - $161,500 10.2%
Technical Writer $ 53,000 - $ 83,500 $ 55,000 - $ 85,250 2.7%


Consulting & Systems Integration
Director $113,750 - $169,500 $119,750 - $178,750 5.4%
(b) Add the percentage below, based on national
Practice Manager $113,500 - $155,750 $119,250 - $164,750 5.5% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Project Manager/Senior Consultant $ 94,500 - $135,500 $ 98,750 - $144,250 5.7% Microsoft SQL Server database skills . . . . . . . 10%
Oracle database skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Staff Consultant $ 73,750 - $102,750 $ 77,500 - $108,750 5.5%
Senior IT Auditor $106,750 - $146,750 $111,750 - $155,500 5.4%
IT Auditor $ 91,500 - $127,000 $ 94,500 - $134,500 4.8%
Data/Database Administration (b)
Big Data Engineer $110,250 - $152,750 $119,250 - $168,250 9.3%
Database Manager $107,750 - $149,000 $112,250 - $160,250 6.1%
Database Developer $ 92,000 - $134,500 $ 98,000 - $144,750 7.2%
Database Administrator $ 87,500 - $126,000 $ 91,000 - $134,750 5.7%
Data Analyst/Report Writer $ 67,750 - $101,000 $ 70,750 - $108,250 6.1%
Data Architect $111,750 - $153,750 $119,750 - $164,750 7.2%
Data Modeler $ 97,250 - $134,250 $101,750 - $145,250 6.7%
Data Warehouse Manager $115,250 - $154,250 $119,750 - $163,000 4.9%
Data Warehouse Analyst $ 99,000 - $133,750 $102,500 - $142,500 5.3%
Business Intelligence Analyst $101,250 - $142,250 $108,500 - $153,000 7.4%
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Specialist $ 72,250 - $102,250 $ 74,750 - $108,250 4.9%
Portal Administrator $ 91,250 - $121,000 $ 92,750 - $127,250 3.7%


Quality Assurance (QA) & Testing (c)
QA Engineer – Manual $ 60,750 - $ 83,750 $ 63,750 - $ 88,250 5.2%
(c) Add the percentage below, based on national
QA Engineer – Automated $ 72,000 - $ 99,000 $ 74,250 - $103,750 4.1% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
QA/Testing Manager $ 87,500 - $116,750 $ 90,000 - $122,500 4.0% Performance testing (e.g., Mercury
Interactive Tools) skills .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 %
QA Associate/Analyst $ 60,250 - $ 93,500 $ 62,000 - $ 97,500 3.7%
(d) Add the percentage below, based on national
Web Development (d) averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Senior Web Developer $ 97,750 - $135,250 $104,500 - $144,250 6.8% AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Web Developer $ 70,000 - $113,500 $ 73,500 - $122,000 6.5% ASP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Web Administrator $ 63,500 - $ 95,750 $ 66,500 - $102,000 5.8% C# development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
ColdFusion development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%
Web Designer $ 60,250 - $ 99,000 $ 64,000 - $105,500 6.4% Content management system (CMS) skills . . 7%
DCOM/COM/ActiveX development skills . . 5%
E-Commerce Analyst $ 79,500 - $114,750 $ 84,250 - $121,500 5.9%
Java development skills . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Networking/Telecommunications (e) Java EE/J2EE development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and
Network Architect $109,250 - $156,500 $115,000 - $165,250 5.5%
Perl/PHP/Python) skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Network Manager $ 94,000 - $130,000 $ 98,000 - $137,250 5.0% .NET development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
PHP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Network Engineer $ 86,250 - $124,250 $ 90,750 - $131,250 5.5%
SharePoint skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10%
Wireless Network Engineer $ 91,500 - $125,250 $ 99,000 - $137,500 9.1% Virtualization skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10%
Web services development skills . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Network Administrator $ 66,750 - $ 99,500 $ 71,250 - $105,750 6.5%
(e) Add the percentage below, based on national
Pre-Sales Engineer/Technical Engineer $ 82,750 - $116,750 $ 86,250 - $125,750 6.3% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Telecommunications Manager $ 82,250 - $111,750 $ 86,000 - $118,500 5.4% Cisco network administration skills. . . . . . . . . 9%
Linux/Unix administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Telecommunications Specialist $ 56,500 - $ 85,750 $ 59,000 - $ 91,250 5.6% Voice over Internet Protocol
Operations (VoIP) administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Windows 7 skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Manager $ 64,250 - $ 89,250 $ 65,500 - $ 93,500 3.6%
Computer Operator $ 33,750 - $ 46,500 $ 34,750 - $ 48,000 3.1%
Mainframe Systems Programmer $ 59,000 - $ 82,000 $ 61,500 - $ 85,000 3.9%


Security (f)
Data Security Analyst $100,500 - $137,250 $106,250 - $149,000 7.4%
(f) Add the percentage below, based on national
Systems Security Administrator $ 95,250 - $131,500 $100,000 - $140,250 6.0% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Network Security Administrator $ 95,000 - $130,750 $ 99,250 - $138,500 5.3% Certified Information Systems Security
Professional (CISSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6%
Network Security Engineer $ 99,750 - $131,250 $105,000 - $141,500 6.7%
Check Point Firewall administration skills . . . 7%
Information Systems Security Manager $115,250 - $160,000 $122,250 - $171,250 6.6% Cisco network administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Linux/Unix administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Software Development (g)
(g) Add the percentage below, based on national
Product Manager $ 99,250 - $136,000 $101,750 - $145,000 4.9% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Software Engineer $ 89,750 - $137,250 $ 96,000 - $147,250 7.2% ASP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
C# development skills . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Software Developer $ 80,250 - $127,250 $ 85,500 - $136,250 6.9% C++ development skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Technical Services, Help Desk & Technical Support (h) DCOM/COM/ActiveX development skills. . . 5%
Java development skills .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Manager $ 76,500 - $109,000 $ 80,500 - $114,750 5.3% Java EE/J2EE development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Desktop Support Analyst $ 49,750 - $ 73,000 $ 52,000 - $ 77,000 5.1% .NET development skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
PHP development skills . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Systems Administrator $ 62,250 - $ 96,500 $ 65,750 - $100,500 4.7% Web services development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Systems Engineer $ 76,750 - $111,250 $ 80,250 - $117,500 5.2% (h) Add the percentage below, based on national
averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Messaging Administrator $ 68,500 - $ 99,750 $ 72,500 - $105,000 5.5%
Basis administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Help Desk Tier 3 $ 53,000 - $ 68,500 $ 55,250 - $ 74,000 6.4% Cisco network administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
HDI certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Help Desk Tier 2 $ 42,000 - $ 54,500 $ 43,750 - $ 58,000 5.4%
Help Desk Tier 1 $ 33,000 - $ 44,250 $ 34,000 - $ 47,250 5.2% Virtualization skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10%
Windows 7 skills . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Instructor/Trainer $ 52,250 - $ 83,000 $ 54,250 - $ 87,250 4.6%
PC Technician $ 32,250 - $ 47,500 $ 33,750 - $ 49,750 4.7%
Business Continuity Analyst $ 87,750 - $125,000 $ 92,500 - $132,250 5.6%
Technology Salaries – Canada


Administration
Chief Information Officer (CIO) $ 150,500 - $224,250 $157,000 - $237,000 5.1%
(a) Add the percentage below, based on national
Chief Technology Officer (CTO) $ 138,250 - $198,500 $143,250 - $209,000 4.6% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Chief Security Officer (CSO) $ 126,250 - $208,000 $138,000 - $219,750 7.0% AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Vice President of Information Technology $ 146,000 - $213,250 $151,000 - $225,000 4.7%
Business Objects skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Technology Director $ 110,500 - $139,250 $115,250 - $147,500 5.2% C# development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
C++ development skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Information Technology Manager $ 104,750 - $137,250 $104,750 - $145,500 3.4% Hyperion skills . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3%
Applications Development (a) Java development skills .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Java EE/J2EE development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6%
Manager $ 106,250 - $140,000 $109,750 - $146,750 4.2% LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and
Project Manager $ 90,750 - $140,250 $ 95,250 - $147,250 5.0% Perl/PHP/Python) skills.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
.NET development skills.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Systems Analyst $ 77,250 - $104,500 $ 81,250 - $108,250 4.3% PHP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Applications Architect $ 103,750 - $136,250 $110,000 - $143,250 5.5% SAP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6%
Business Systems Analyst $ 87,250 - $121,000 $ 90,750 - $125,000 3.6%
CRM Business Analyst $ 85,500 - $106,000 $ 88,750 - $113,000 5.4%
CRM Technical Developer $ 85,750 - $113,750 $ 89,000 - $120,250 4.9%
Developer/Programmer Analyst $ 75,250 - $112,250 $ 79,250 - $119,250 5.9%
ERP Business Analyst $ 90,500 - $119,000 $ 95,000 - $125,250 5.1%
ERP Technical/Functional Analyst $ 94,250 - $135,500 $ 98,000 - $142,750 4.8%
ERP Technical Developer $ 99,000 - $141,250 $102,500 - $145,000 3.0%
Lead Applications Developer $ 92,000 - $127,500 $100,750 - $134,000 6.9%
Mobile Applications Developer $ 85,000 - $120,500 $ 93,000 - $132,000 9.5%
Technical Writer $ 50,500 - $ 79,500 $ 51,750 - $ 82,500 3.3%
All salaries listed on Pages 19-22 are in Canadian dollars.


Consulting & Systems Integration
Director $ 115,250 - $151,750 $118,750 - $160,250 4.5%
(b) Add the percentage below, based on national
Practice Manager $ 99,500 - $144,750 $103,500 - $152,500 4.8% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Project Manager/Senior Consultant $ 95,250 - $146,750 $ 99,250 - $149,000 2.6% Microsoft SQL Server database skills . . . . . . . . . 9%
Oracle database skills . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Staff Consultant $ 60,500 - $ 83,500 $ 63,750 - $ 88,500 5.7%
Senior IT Auditor $ 112,500 - $172,500 $114,000 - $175,000 1.4%
IT Auditor $ 87,500 - $114,250 $ 90,750 - $117,000 3.0%
Data/Database Administration (b)
Big Data Engineer $ 100,500 - $129,750 $109,000 - $139,250 7.8%
Database Manager $ 102,000 - $136,500 $105,500 - $146,500 5.7%
Database Developer $ 82,750 - $116,500 $ 90,250 - $120,750 5.9%
Database Administrator $ 81,000 - $110,500 $ 85,000 - $115,500 4.7%
Data Analyst/Report Writer $ 72,250 - $ 99,250 $ 74,500 - $104,000 4.1%
Data Architect $ 104,000 - $142,000 $111,000 - $149,750 6.0%
Data Modeler $ 85,750 - $116,750 $ 94,000 - $121,750 6.5%
Data Warehouse Manager $ 99,250 - $133,750 $103,000 - $141,250 4.8%
Data Warehouse Analyst $ 91,000 - $123,750 $ 95,000 - $131,000 5.2%
Business Intelligence Analyst $ 81,750 - $113,750 $ 89,000 - $120,000 6.9%

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Specialist $ 69,750 - $ 96,750 $ 73,750 - $101,500 5.3%
Portal Administrator $ 71,500 - $ 97,250 $ 73,750 - $100,750 3.4%


Quality Assurance (QA) & Testing (c)
QA Engineer – Manual $ 64,500 - $ 90,750 $ 70,000 - $ 92,500 4.7%
(c) Add the percentage below, based on national
QA Engineer – Automated $ 69,750 - $ 96,500 $ 75,500 - $ 99,750 5.4% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
QA/Testing Manager $ 80,500 - $107,750 $ 84,750 - $109,750 3.3% Performance testing (e.g., Mercury
Interactive Tools) skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%
QA Associate/Analyst $ 67,250 - $ 94,250 $ 69,750 - $ 94,750 1.9%
(d) Add the percentage below, based on national
Web Development (d) averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Senior Web Developer $ 89,750 - $116,000 $ 95,000 - $124,750 6.8% AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Web Developer $ 65,750 - $ 95,250 $ 69,000 - $102,750 6.7% ASP development skills .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%
Web Administrator $ 64,500 - $ 84,500 $ 67,500 - $ 89,750 5.5% C# development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
ColdFusion development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%
Web Designer $ 69,000 - $ 95,250 $ 71,000 - $102,750 5.8% Content management system (CMS) skills . . 6%
DCOM/COM/ActiveX development skills. . . 3%
E-Commerce Analyst $ 69,750 - $100,250 $ 74,250 - $106,000 6.0%
Java development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Networking/Telecommunications (e) Java EE/J2EE development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6%
LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and
Network Architect $ 97,000 - $143,500 $101,250 - $152,000 5.3%
Perl/PHP/Python) skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Network Manager $ 83,750 - $109,750 $ 87,750 - $116,250 5.4% .NET development skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
PHP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Network Engineer $ 84,750 - $111,250 $ 88,250 - $116,500 4.5%
Wireless Network Engineer $ 90,750 - $116,500 $ 94,500 - $127,250 7.0% Virtualization skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11%
Web services development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Network Administrator $ 67,250 - $ 88,250 $ 70,500 - $ 94,250 5.9%
(e) Add the percentage below, based on national
Pre-Sales Engineer/Technical Engineer $ 88,250 - $109,000 $ 92,000 - $117,750 6.3% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Telecommunications Manager $ 89,500 - $115,250 $ 93,250 - $121,250 4.8% Cisco network administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Telecommunications Specialist $ 63,000 - $ 87,750 $ 66,000 - $ 92,500 5.1% Voice over Internet Protocol
Operations (VoIP) administration skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Windows 7 skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Manager $ 77,500 - $ 92,250 $ 80,000 - $ 96,250 3.8%
Computer Operator $ 42,500 - $ 53,500 $ 43,250 - $ 55,750 3.1%
Mainframe Systems Programmer $ 63,500 - $ 88,500 $ 65,750 - $ 91,250 3.3%


Security (f)
Data Security Analyst $ 93,000 - $139,000 $ 98,000 - $148,000 6.0%
(f) Add the percentage below, based on national
Systems Security Administrator $ 82,000 - $114,250 $ 87,000 - $120,000 5.5% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Network Security Administrator $ 90,000 - $125,750 $ 94,500 - $130,000 4.1% Certified Information Systems Security
Professional (CISSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6%
Network Security Engineer $ 95,000 - $124,500 $ 99,750 - $133,750 6.4% Check Point Firewall administration skills . . . 7%
Information Systems Security Manager $ 104,250 - $136,250 $110,500 - $145,250 6.3% Cisco network administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
Software Development (g)
(g) Add the percentage below, based on national
Product Manager $ 99,250 - $131,250 $105,250 - $139,750 6.3% averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Software Engineer $ 85,500 - $123,250 $ 90,750 - $132,000 6.7% ASP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4%
C# development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Software Developer $ 68,000 - $113,500 $ 76,000 - $116,500 6.1% C++ development skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Technical Services, Help Desk & Technical Support (h) DCOM/COM/ActiveX development skills. . . 3%
Java development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Manager $ 82,250 - $110,000 $ 86,250 - $116,000 5.2% Java EE/J2EE development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6%
.NET development skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Desktop Support Analyst $ 55,000 - $ 75,500 $ 57,000 - $ 79,000 4.2%
PHP development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8%
Systems Administrator $ 64,500 - $ 89,500 $ 68,250 - $ 94,500 5.7% Web services development skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Systems Engineer $ 75,500 - $ 96,000 $ 81,000 - $104,000 7.9% (h) Add the percentage below, based on national
averages, to IT salaries for the following skills:
Messaging Administrator $ 67,000 - $ 84,500 $ 69,750 - $ 90,750 5.9% Basis administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3%
Help Desk Tier 3 $ 63,500 - $ 82,750 $ 66,750 - $ 88,250 6.0% Cisco network administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . 9%
HDI certifications . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Help Desk Tier 2 $ 50,250 - $ 62,250 $ 53,750 - $ 65,500 6.0% Linux/Unix administration skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7%
Help Desk Tier 1 $ 39,000 - $ 50,500 $ 41,250 - $ 53,250 5.6% Virtualization skills . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11%
Windows 7 skills . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5%
Instructor/Trainer $ 55,250 - $ 76,000 $ 57,750 - $ 78,250 3.6%
PC Technician $ 46,000 - $ 65,000 $ 48,000 - $ 67,750 4.3%
Business Continuity Analyst $ 75,500 - $108,000 $ 78,250 - $113,500 4.5%
Alabama

Local Variances
ALABAMA COLORADO
Birmingham . . . . . . 95.0 Boulder . . . . . . . . . 115.3
Huntsville . . . . . . . . 93.0 Colorado Springs. . . 90.5
Mobile . . . . . . . . . . 86.0 Denver . . . . . . . . . 103.7
ARIZONA Fort Collins . . . . . . . 94.1
UNITED STATES Phoenix . . . . . . . . . 108.0
Greeley . . . . . . . . . . 84.6
Loveland . . . . . . . . . 91.4
Tucson. . . . . . . . . . 102.0
Pueblo. . . . . . . . . . . 78.0
ARKANSAS
CONNECTICUT
Fayetteville . . . . . . . 95.0
Hartford . . . . . . . . 116.5
Little Rock . . . . . . . . 95.0
New Haven . . . . . . 112.0
CALIFORNIA Stamford . . . . . . . . 131.0
Fresno . . . . . . . . . . . 90.0
DELAWARE
Irvine . . . . . . . . . . 124.5
Wilmington . . . . . . 105.0
Los Angeles . . . . . . 127.0
The starting salary ranges provided on the previous pages reflect Oakland . . . . . . . . 127.0 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Ontario . . . . . . . . . 115.0 Washington . . . . . . 132.0
the national averages for each position. To determine the estimated Sacramento . . . . . . 101.5 FLORIDA
salary range for a position in your area, use the local variance San Diego . . . . . . . 118.5
Fort Myers . . . . . . . . 89.0
San Francisco . . . . 138.0
numbers on the following pages. Move the decimal point in the Jacksonville . . . . . . . 94.5
San Jose . . . . . . . . 135.0
Melbourne. . . . . . . . 89.5
variance number two places to the left, then multiply this figure by Santa Barbara . . . . 125.0
Miami/
Santa Rosa . . . . . . 118.1 Fort Lauderdale . . 107.0
the low and high ends of the salary range.
Stockton . . . . . . . . . 85.0 Orlando . . . . . . . . . 99.0
Source: U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics and Robert Half Technology. City index figures are reflective of all
industries and are not specific to the information technology field.
Note: Please contact a Robert Half Technology account executive for salary information regarding cities not listed in the guide.

Local Variances
St. Petersburg. . . . . . 95.5 Sioux City . . . . . . . . 82.0 MINNESOTA Princeton . . . . . . . . 125.0

Tampa. . . . . . . . . . . 97.0 Waterloo/ Bloomington . . . . . 105.5 Woodbridge . . . . . 126.5
West Palm Beach . . 100.0 Cedar Falls . . . . . . 85.0 Duluth . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6 NEW MEXICO
GEORGIA KANSAS Minneapolis. . . . . . 106.0 Albuquerque . . . . . . 90.5
Atlanta . . . . . . . . . 105.0 Kansas City . . . . . . . 97.0 Rochester . . . . . . . 100.5
St. Cloud . . . . . . . . . 82.0 NEW YORK
Macon . . . . . . . . . . 84.0 KENTUCKY St. Paul . . . . . . . . . 102.0 Albany . . . . . . . . . . 97.0
Savannah . . . . . . . . 84.0 Lexington . . . . . . . . 90.5 Buffalo . . . . . . . . . . 95.0
HAWAII Louisville . . . . . . . . . 92.0 MISSOURI
Long Island . . . . . . 120.0
Honolulu . . . . . . . . . 94.0 Kansas City . . . . . . . 99.2 New York . . . . . . . 139.0
LOUISIANA St. Joseph . . . . . . . . 91.0
IDAHO Baton Rouge . . . . . . 99.0 Rochester . . . . . . . . 91.7
St. Louis . . . . . . . . 100.3 Syracuse . . . . . . . . . 90.3
Boise . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 New Orleans . . . . . . 99.0
NEBRASKA NORTH CAROLINA
ILLINOIS MAINE Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . 85.0
Portland . . . . . . . . . 95.0 Charlotte . . . . . . . . 101.5
Chicago . . . . . . . . 123.0 Omaha . . . . . . . . . . 96.0 Greensboro . . . . . . 100.0
Naperville . . . . . . . 112.0 MARYLAND NEVADA Raleigh . . . . . . . . . 104.0
Rockford . . . . . . . . . 80.0 Baltimore . . . . . . . 103.0
Springfield . . . . . . . . 91.0 Las Vegas . . . . . . . . 93.8 OHIO
MASSACHUSETTS Reno . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 Akron . . . . . . . . . . . 89.0
INDIANA
Boston. . . . . . . . . . 133.0 NEW HAMPSHIRE Canton . . . . . . . . . . 82.0
Fort Wayne . . . . . . . 81.0 Springfield . . . . . . . 104.0 Manchester/ Cincinnati . . . . . . . . 97.5
Indianapolis . . . . . . 94.0
MICHIGAN Nashua . . . . . . . . 112.0 Cleveland . . . . . . . . 95.5
IOWA Columbus . . . . . . . . 96.5
Ann Arbor . . . . . . . 100.5 NEW JERSEY
Cedar Rapids . . . . . 93.0 Detroit . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 Dayton . . . . . . . . . . 87.0
Mount Laurel . . . . . 115.0
Davenport . . . . . . . . 93.0 Grand Rapids . . . . . 85.5 Toledo . . . . . . . . . . . 84.5
Paramus . . . . . . . . 130.0
Des Moines . . . . . . 100.0 Lansing . . . . . . . . . . 84.0 Youngstown . . . . . . . 76.0

Local Variances
OKLAHOMA TEXAS
Oklahoma City . . . . 91.7 Austin . . . . . . . . . . 106.0
Tulsa . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 Dallas . . . . . . . . . . 107.5
OREGON El Paso . . . . . . . . . . 70.0
Fort Worth . . . . . . . 107.0
Portland . . . . . . . . 106.5
Houston . . . . . . . . 107.5
PENNSYLVANIA Midland/Odessa . . 115.0
Harrisburg . . . . . . . . 95.0 San Antonio. . . . . . . 98.0 CANADA
Philadelphia . . . . . 115.0
UTAH
Pittsburgh . . . . . . . . 96.2
Salt Lake City . . . . . 101.0
RHODE ISLAND
VIRGINIA
Providence. . . . . . . . 97.0
Norfolk/
SOUTH CAROLINA Hampton Roads . . . 94.5
Charleston . . . . . . . 93.0 Richmond . . . . . . . . 98.0
Columbia . . . . . . . . 93.5 Tysons Corner . . . . 132.0 ONTARIO
Greenville . . . . . . . . 91.5 ALBERTA Kitchener-Waterloo. . 95.8
WASHINGTON
TENNESSEE
Calgary . . . . . . . . . 105.1 Ottawa . . . . . . . . . 100.2
Seattle . . . . . . . . . . 118.9
Edmonton . . . . . . . 103.2 Toronto . . . . . . . . . 104.9
Chattanooga . . . . . . 89.0 Spokane . . . . . . . . . 82.0
Cool Springs . . . . . . 99.0 BRITISH COLUMBIA QUEBEC
WISCONSIN
Knoxville . . . . . . . . . 88.0 Fraser Valley . . . . . . 98.1 Montreal . . . . . . . . 102.9
Appleton . . . . . . . . . 85.0
Memphis . . . . . . . . . 95.0 Vancouver . . . . . . . 103.5 Quebec City . . . . . . 90.0
Green Bay . . . . . . . . 86.5
Nashville . . . . . . . . . 98.5 Victoria . . . . . . . . . . 96.2
Madison . . . . . . . . . 97.5 SASKATCHEWAN
Milwaukee . . . . . . . 100.5 MANITOBA Regina . . . . . . . . . . 93.9
Waukesha . . . . . . . . 98.5 Winnipeg . . . . . . . . 90.5 Saskatoon . . . . . . . . 95.6
Source: U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics and Robert Half Technology. City index figures are reflective of all
industries and are not specific to the information technology field.
Note: Please contact a Robert Half Technology account executive for salary information regarding cities not listed in the guide.

Glossary of Job Descriptions
Our glossary of job descriptions • Providing vision and leadership in all aspects CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER (CSO)
of IT management and operations CSOs need extensive experience in the field
can help you better target the • Approving all major system hardware and of information security, as well as in-depth
professionals you need. Use the software purchasing decisions knowledge of this rapidly evolving and critical
business function. Employers look for a mini-
descriptions on the following pages CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER (CTO) mum of a bachelor’s degree in information
as a starting point and tailor them to CTO candidates require in-depth knowledge of systems or a related field, as well as 10 or more
all aspects of a firm’s data technology infra- years’ experience with a focus on information
match your specific requirements. structure. They also need tactical managerial security, compliance and privacy. The position
skills to lead the IT department in attaining requires excellent judgment and outstanding
Administration the company’s current and future technology planning abilities in order to create and main-
CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO) goals. They typically have a degree in computer tain complex security systems. Compliance- and
CIOs need broad knowledge of all aspects of science or a related field and at least seven to security-related certifications are required.
IT. They must have strong analytical, strate- 10 years of experience in IT management. In Typical duties include:
gic planning and communication skills. The larger companies, the CTO may report to a chief • Managing enterprisewide security policies and
ability to collaborate effectively with other information officer or a chief operating officer. systems
senior managers in order to define, articulate Candidates need excellent interpersonal and
problem-solving skills, as well as the ability • Developing, implementing and monitoring
and champion the ways in which technol- long-term information security and privacy
ogy requirements relate to the firm’s business to plan and execute projects within time and
budget constraints. strategy
is critical. A bachelor’s degree in computer • Ensuring the firm meets all mandated security
science, information systems or a related area Typical duties include:
• Setting the firm’s overall technology and compliance standards
is expected, and a master’s degree is often
standards and practices • Coordinating work with all vendors, contrac-
required by employers. CIOs typically have at
• Making recommendations, as well as explain- tors and consultants to maintain and enhance
least 10 years of managerial experience in IT,
ing technology solutions, to senior management data security
though larger firms may require more.
Typical duties include: through presentations and advocacy
• Developing and directing the firm’s overall • Managing the implementation of data systems
IT strategy and monitoring their effectiveness in meeting
• Working closely with other senior manage- business unit needs
ment, including the chief executive officer, chief • Providing leadership and managing a staff
technology officer, chief operations officer of direct reports in functional areas such as
and chief financial officer, to coordinate data systems operations, LAN/WAN architecture,
systems policies and procedures and hardware and software support

VICE PRESIDENT OF as well as an ability to identify and propose new and networking services utilized by the firm.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IT business processes. Other desired character- Demonstrated leadership also is required.
The vice president of information technology istics include leadership, organizational, analytic Typical duties include:
position requires a proven track record of and decision-making skills. Five to 10 years of • Analyzing workflow, delegating projects and
leadership in technology management, includ- experience and a bachelor’s degree in computer meeting departmental goals
ing excellent communication, analytical and science or a related field are generally required. • Developing and monitoring performance
organizational skills. A bachelor’s degree in Project management certifications and/or a standards
computer science or a related field and five to master’s degree in business administration are
• Providing input on hiring decisions for
10 years of increasing responsibility are typical highly recommended.
technical staff
requirements for the job. Strategic planning and Typical duties include:
• Implementing and monitoring new projects
tactical implementation are important attributes • Developing the long-range direction of an
• Managing performance of and delegating
for this position as well. organization’s technology function
Typical duties include: projects to team members
• Creating and executing new technology
• Managing the tactical, overall operations of the strategies
IT department • Hiring, training and reviewing IT staff
Applications Development
• Working with the firm’s senior IT team to help • Planning, directing and coordinating functions MANAGER
plan and coordinate both short- and long- of a multiteam organization Candidates seeking a manager of applications
term systems strategy and implementation development position need a thorough techni-
• Serving as a liaison between nontechnical INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGER cal background combined with outstanding
business units and IT, communicating technical Information technology managers need a managerial and leadership talents. They must
information and plans technical background, as well as business acu- have strong oral and written communication
• Overseeing the department’s hiring, promotion men and people management skills. Because skills, project management experience, and
and review processes they direct the work of other employees, these proven abilities to facilitate multidisciplinary
individuals require strong interpersonal and project teams in accomplishing strategic goals.
TECHNOLOGY DIRECTOR communication abilities. Analytical thinking also Employers look for a bachelor’s degree in com-
Directors of technology are in charge of plan- is very important, as this position often involves puter science, information systems, engineering
ning, organizing and executing technology problem resolution and process development. or a related field. Depending on the size of the
functions, including leading, directing and man- In addition, a strong customer service orienta- department, the company may seek five to 10
aging a technology team. These professionals tion is a must because information technology or more years of combined development and
are responsible for the acquisition, operation, managers often serve as the final escalation managerial experience.
integration and problem-solving aspects of both point for high-visibility troubleshooting. Employ- Typical duties include:
hardware and software systems. Excellent com- ers look for a bachelor’s degree in an IT-related • Assuming overall management responsibility
munication and interpersonal skills are required, field, plus at least five years of experience with for all aspects of the applications develop-
the specific types of business systems, hardware ment department and its staff

• Planning, coordinating and monitoring the SYSTEMS ANALYST desirable. Employers seek a minimum of five to
progress of development projects to ensure their Candidates for a systems analyst position must eight years of related work experience and often
ongoing alignment with business goals be excellent analytical thinkers and problem look for software skill sets such as AJAX, C#/
• Hiring, training, motivating and evaluating staff solvers, as well as effective communicators. They C++ and LAMP. Expertise in the design, develop-
• Serving as a liaison to senior IT management, need a broad understanding of, and experience ment and deployment of enterprise-level N-tier
reporting on the status of current projects, iden- working with, hardware and software systems, architecture in a Microsoft .NET Framework or
tifying issues and assessing their impact, and including their installation, maintenance and Java Enterprise Edition platform may be required.
proactively recommending solutions life cycles. Employers look for a minimum of Typical duties include:
a bachelor’s degree in information systems, • Designing major aspects of the architecture of
PROJECT MANAGER computer science or a similar field, along with an application, including components such as
Project managers must have demonstrated knowl- five or more years of experience working with user interface, middleware and infrastructure
edge and experience with project management specific applications and/or operating systems. • Providing technical leadership to the
methodologies in order to work with intricate, Typical duties include: applications development team
multifaceted projects. They need superb com- • Analyzing systems hardware and software • Performing design and code reviews
munication and interpersonal skills to collaborate problems and developing technical solutions • Ensuring that uniform enterprisewide application
with the development team and make project • Translating user and/or systems requirements design standards are maintained
presentations. Employers look for a bachelor’s into functional technical specifications
degree in an IT- or business-related field, as well • Collaborating with other stakeholders to
• Writing and maintaining detailed systems ensure architecture is aligned with business
as a background in applications development,
documentation, including user manuals and requirements
and five or more years of experience managing
technical manuals
complex projects. Project management certifica- BUSINESS SYSTEMS ANALYST
tions, such as those from Project Management • Acting as a liaison between developers and
end users to ensure technical compatibility Business systems analysts should have a solid
Institute (PMI), also are highly recommended. understanding of business functional areas,
and satisfaction
Typical duties include: business management issues and data analysis.
• Managing overall coordination of IT applica- APPLICATIONS ARCHITECT Exceptional written and oral communication
tions development projects, from planning Applications architects require a high level of abilities are required. Leadership, initiative and
through implementation technical expertise combined with excellent plan- advanced computer skills, including programming
• Setting project scope, priorities, deadlines and ning, coordination and communication skills, as experience, also are integral. Employers often
deliverable schedules well as the ability to work on teams. Practitioners seek at least a bachelor’s degree and several
• Facilitating discussions and consensus among must have experience with relevant development years of computer applications and business
various project stakeholders, such as ana- tools and specific application and system archi- experience. For more technically challenging
lysts, applications programmers and clients tecture, in addition to a strong understanding of positions involving complex business systems, a
• Managing and monitoring project budgets object-oriented design. A bachelor’s degree in master’s degree with a concentration in infor-
and expenditures computer science or information systems is nor- mation systems may be required.
mally required, and a master’s degree is highly
Typical duties include: • Conducting root cause analysis in support of • Providing technical application support to
• Analyzing complex business problems and process improvements business, quality assurance and end-user
assessing how automated systems can be • Planning, conducting and directing the analysis support teams
implemented to solve them of complex business issues to be solved with
DEVELOPER/PROGRAMMER ANALYST
• Formulating and defining the objectives and process changes and information systems
Developer/programmer analysts must have
scope of business systems • Working closely with business users to resolve strong analytical and problem-solving abilities.
• Gathering data and analyzing business and ongoing functional issues They must understand and conceptualize appli-
user needs in consultation with both business cations from both a technical/programming
managers and end users CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
(CRM) TECHNICAL DEVELOPER perspective and a business point of view.
• Providing IT support for regulatory and Because they deal with both technical person-
compliance activities Candidates for CRM technical developer
positions must be able to work creatively and nel and business managers/administrators, as
• Making recommendations on hardware and analytically in a problem-solving environment well as participate on project teams, they need
software procurement to support business goals to develop, enhance and maintain CRM solu- strong interpersonal and communication skills.
tions. They also need strong interpersonal and Excellent programming abilities in common
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT languages and frameworks, such as C#/C++,
(CRM) BUSINESS ANALYST communication skills in order to collaborate
effectively with business analysts, developers Java Enterprise Edition/AJAX and Microsoft
Employers seek CRM business analysts with .NET, are needed for the coding aspects of the
proven analytical and problem-solving capabili- and other stakeholders. A bachelor’s degree in
a computer-related field is typically required. position. Most employers look for at least a
ties, as well as extensive technical and functional bachelor’s degree in computer science, infor-
experience with specific CRM systems. Because Specific programming and technical require-
ments vary widely by position, but generally mation science or management information
CRM business analysts serve as liaisons between systems, as well as relevant job experience.
IT and business groups, strong interpersonal and emphasize multiple years of development
experience with the employer’s existing CRM Typical duties include:
communication skills are essential. Employers
solutions (e.g., Oracle, Microsoft, SAP). • Analyzing business application requirements
also may require a demonstrated understand-
Typical duties include: for functional areas such as finance, manufac-
ing of sales, marketing and other business
• Programming and documenting CRM solutions turing, marketing or human resources
processes. CRM business analysts must be able
to anticipate the organizational impact of process • Preparing code reviews and documenting • Writing code, testing and debugging
changes. A bachelor’s degree in a computer- or development and testing software applications
business-related discipline is typically required, as • Working with other IT teams to ensure that • Recommending system changes and
is thorough knowledge of the employer’s existing appropriate infrastructure, policies and enhancements
CRM applications. procedures are in place to support the custom • Documenting software specifications and
Typical duties include: application environment training users
• Translating business requirements into user and
functional requirements

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) strong written and verbal communication skills Typical duties include:
BUSINESS ANALYST and the ability to interact productively with business • Performing analysis, design, coding, data
For ERP business analyst positions, employers users. A bachelor’s degree in a computer-related migration and testing for ERP production and
seek candidates with a demonstrated ability to field is typically required. Additional technical development environments
translate business requirements into ERP solu- requirements vary by position but often include • Implementing ERP enhancements to support
tions. Because ERP business analysts work closely multiple years of experience working closely with changes in business processes
with colleagues in technical and business depart- the employer’s preferred ERP solutions. • Providing ERP application support
ments, strong interpersonal and communication Typical duties include:
• Working with various business teams to gather
skills are essential. Project management experi- • Completing technical service requests and pro- requirements and support business processes
ence also may be required. Specific technical viding continuous business application support
requirements vary by employer, but strong techni- for ERP software and legacy systems LEAD APPLICATIONS DEVELOPER
cal and functional knowledge of the employer’s • Helping to define, analyze, develop, implement Candidates for lead applications developer
preferred ERP solutions is a must. Candidates and document new systems, customized pro- positions need a solid background in applica-
also should have a thorough understanding of grams and databases to meet business needs tions programming and experience leading a
business processes, as well as an IT- or business- • Helping to upgrade and implement ERP technical team. Employers look for a bachelor’s
related bachelor’s degree. software degree in computer science or a related field,
Typical duties include: • Assisting application owners in the develop- along with at least three years of experience in
• Analyzing and defining ERP systems, functions, ment of test scripts, policies and procedures technologies such as .NET, PHP, C#/C++ and
business process and user needs Microsoft .NET Framework development. In
• Performing functional configuration and main- ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) addition, individuals need several years of
tenance for ERP systems based on changing TECHNICAL DEVELOPER proven success as a team leader, as this role
operational and business needs ERP technical developers must be able to quickly requires directing and motivating coworkers
• Researching transactional issues, identifying identify and analyze technical problems in ERP and working closely with other managers while
root causes and driving resolutions applications, assess their potential impacts, and multitasking and prioritizing resource needs.
help design solutions. Employers typically seek Typical duties include:
• Creating documentation such as policies,
procedures, workflows and user guides candidates with experience implementing ERP • Leading a development team in the design,
systems over multiple life cycles, as well as the development, coding, testing and debugging of
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) ability to work with business teams to support applications
TECHNICAL/FUNCTIONAL ANALYST their requirements. A bachelor’s degree in a • Coordinating the effective use of the devel-
Candidates for ERP technical/functional analyst technical or business-related field, or equivalent opment team’s time and ensuring efficient
positions must be able to analyze complex experience, is generally required. Technical communication between team members and
processes, identify areas for improvement and requirements vary but often include in-depth other IT functional areas
recommend solutions. In addition to technical knowledge of the employer’s existing ERP solu-
and functional ERP expertise, employers seek tions and related applications.

• Providing feedback and suggestions for pro- concisely. They need excellent interpersonal making authority and the assumption of formal
cess and product improvement skills in order to elicit detailed information from responsibility for meeting business-unit goals.
• Acting as a technical mentor and adviser for subject-matter experts (for example, applica- Candidates need strong project management
the development team tions developers), in addition to advanced writing experience and the ability to monitor and man-
and editing skills. Technical writers also need to age multiple initiatives concurrently, as well as
MOBILE APPLICATIONS DEVELOPER be adept in document creation using applica- excellent staff management skills. Employers
Mobile applications developers need strong tions such as Adobe FrameMaker, RoboHelp often seek a master’s degree, such as an MBA,
analytical and problem-solving capabilities. and Acrobat, and Microsoft Word and Power- or other relevant graduate degree. In addition,
Employers require previous experience build- Point. Employers’ requirements vary depending 10 to 15 years of significant business experience,
ing mobile applications and mobile websites on the complexity of documentation needed but including leadership positions in consulting and
for Android, iOS, Symbian, Windows Mobile usually include a bachelor’s degree in English, project management, are typically required.
or Windows Phone 7. Commonly specified journalism or information sciences, plus several Typical duties include:
languages and platforms include Java, Java years of experience in a technical setting. • Establishing and maintaining relations with
EE, Java ME, JavaScript, JSON, Objective-C, Typical duties include: clients’ senior-level managers
.NET and HTML. A degree in computer science • Documenting the specifications, design, • Developing overall practice strategy, tactics
or computer engineering is typically required, features and operation of applications and goals
though work samples of completed applications • Writing and editing user manuals, help systems
may soften that requirement. The combination • Managing the consulting staff, including head-
and other technical documents count, final hiring and firing decisions, and
of highly team-oriented work and short release
cycles makes strong interpersonal and commu- • Designing and formatting documents using staff development and mentoring
nication skills essential. document-creation software • Performing engagement analysis, and making
Typical duties include: • Interviewing applications developers and recommendations and presentations to the
• Coding, testing, debugging, documenting other technical resource personnel to ensure consulting firm’s senior management on new
and monitoring mobile applications the accuracy of all information presented business opportunities and expansion of the
firm’s consulting practice and client base
• Interacting with different departments within the
organization regarding new deployments Consulting & Systems Integration • Working with third-party vendors
• Contributing to the development of project DIRECTOR PRACTICE MANAGER
schedules and workflow A director-level position, typically found in a The practice manager position requires extensive
• Recommending changes and enhancements consulting services environment, is a senior- IT experience combined with outstanding leader-
to applications level management role. As a result, this ship, communication, presentation, customer
position requires a seasoned professional with service, analytical and project management
TECHNICAL WRITER outstanding judgment, as well as leadership, skills. Individuals must possess excellent busi-
Technical writers must possess the ability to interpersonal and communication skills. It also ness and financial savvy, as well as experience
communicate complex information clearly and calls for strategic thinking, the use of decision- with resource allocation and profit-and-loss

management. At a minimum, a bachelor’s Typical duties include: SENIOR IT AUDITOR

degree in business or an IT-related field is • Developing and managing project specifica- Senior IT auditors are responsible for devel-
required, while an advanced degree may be tions, technical design and requirements oping and managing complex audits of an
preferred. Employers typically look for 10 years • Setting project timelines, milestones and organization’s information systems. They must
of IT industry experience with at least five years deadlines have in-depth knowledge of business pro-
in a technical consulting management role. • Coordinating work with cross-functional team cesses, as well as process controls and risks,
Candidates also must be willing to travel. leaders and monitoring and reporting on and understand how these relate to relevant
Typical duties include: project status IT audit procedures. These professionals have
• Developing project scope, goals and strategic • Assigning tasks to staff consultants and experience working with a variety of technology
plans for delivering company products and supervising work platforms and must be familiar with performing
services to clients network, web, database and technical audits.
• Managing, recruiting, evaluating and mentoring STAFF CONSULTANT These positions commonly require a bachelor’s
a team of project managers and consultants Candidates for a staff consultant position need degree (a master’s degree may be preferred)
• Managing and meeting engagement booking excellent analytical, problem-solving, customer in computer science, information systems,
and revenue targets relations and communication skills, along with business or a related field and an average of
the ability to work well in a team environment. five years’ relevant experience in IT auditing. A
• Identifying, developing and managing client
They must have industry-specific expertise, Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA),
relations, in addition to meeting with client man-
as well as project-oriented IT experience. A Certified Information Security Manager (CISM)
agement for project support and presentations
minimum of a bachelor’s degree in computer or similar designation is strongly preferred.
• Working with third-party vendors Typical duties include:
science, business or a field related to the area of
PROJECT MANAGER/SENIOR CONSULTANT consulting is expected. Several years of business • Establishing objectives and procedures for
Project managers/senior consultants need a com- experience, plus two or more years of consult- audit review of computer systems
bination of subject-matter expertise and project ing experience – including full-cycle project • Developing and implementing testing and
management skills. They must possess excellent implementation – also are typical requirements. evaluation plans for IT systems and controls to
communication, interpersonal and team leader- Extensive travel may be required. gauge conformity with industry standards of
ship abilities, as well as the capacity to work with Typical duties include: efficiency, accuracy and security
cross-functional teams to accomplish overall proj- • Assisting with project planning and require- • Presenting written findings and recommenda-
ect goals. Employers seek at least a bachelor’s ment specifications tions to senior management
degree (a master’s may be preferred) in computer • Developing prototypes and alternatives in • Providing independent verification in connec-
science, management or an IT-related discipline; coordination with other team members tion with applicable U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
specific consulting subject-matter expertise; and at • Executing and delivering projects within time or Canadian Multilateral Instrument 52-109
least five years of experience managing projects and budget constraints compliance and similar regulations
from inception to completion. A project manage-
• Understanding client needs and developing
ment certification is strongly preferred.
and maintaining excellent client relations

IT AUDITOR Data/Database Administration DATABASE MANAGER

IT auditors must have broad knowledge of the Database managers must have an in-depth
technical infrastructure and architecture of com- BIG DATA ENGINEER understanding of all aspects of database tech-
puter systems, as well as exposure to a variety of Big data engineers communicate with business nology. Employers generally look for applicants
platforms, such as operating systems, networks, users and data scientists to understand the with at least a bachelor’s degree and five years
databases and enterprise resource planning business objectives and translate those objec- of experience in an Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server,
(ERP) systems. These professionals must possess tives into data processing workflows. Big data IBM DB2 or similar environment, along with
excellent interpersonal skills, including commu- engineers should have a strong knowledge of multiyear experience in a technical management
nication, presentation and leadership abilities. statistics and programming experience, ide- position. Database managers need to be creative,
Employers typically seek at least a bachelor’s ally in Python or Java, as well as the ability to analytical thinkers who can not only lead a team
degree (a master’s degree may be preferred) design and implement solutions for big data of database professionals but also effectively
in computer science, information systems, busi- challenges. Knowledge and experience in data communicate, plan information system strategy
ness administration, finance or a similar field. mining, processing large amounts of raw data, and make presentations to senior IT managers.
A Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) and designing and maintaining relational Typical duties include:
accreditation also may be required. databases for storage and data acquisition are • Maintaining and supporting a company’s
Typical duties include: encouraged. Experience with NoSQL preferred. database environment
• Testing and evaluating IT systems and controls This individual communicates directly with busi-
ness users and data scientists to understand • Providing input to a chief technology officer or
for conformity with industry standards of chief information officer regarding company
efficiency, accuracy and security objectives and create data processing work-
flows. Employers often require a bachelor’s data standards and practices
• Providing independent verification of • Developing and managing departmental
compliance with statutory requirements and degree in a related field and four to six years
of experience. budgets
similar regulations
Typical duties include: • Making personnel decisions and work
• Making recommendations for systems assignments
operations and process improvements • Gathering and processing raw data and
translating analyses • Managing capacity planning, disaster recovery
• Developing risk-based audit plans and performance analysis
• Evaluating new data sources for acquisition
and integration DATABASE DEVELOPER
• Designing and implementing relational data- Database developers need a thorough under-
bases for storage and processing standing of relational database theory and
• Working directly with engineering team practice. They must be analytical and adept
to integrate data processing and business at problem solving. They also should be good
objectives communicators. A bachelor’s degree in com-
puter science or a related field often is sought,
although database experience can be substituted

with some employers. Familiarity and experi- a strong customer service orientation and the • Working in partnership with business
ence with major enterprise database programs, ability to work as part of a team. analysts, data architects and database
such as Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle or IBM Typical duties include: developers to build data transactional and
DB2, are essential, and professional certification • Managing, monitoring and maintaining warehousing systems
(Microsoft Certified Database Administrator or company databases
Oracle Database Administrator Certified Profes- DATA ARCHITECT
• Making requested changes, updates and modi- Candidates for data architect positions require a
sional, for example) in these programs is a plus. fications to database structure and data
Because many web applications now interface high level of analytical and creative skills, along
• Ensuring database integrity, stability and system with in-depth knowledge of data systems and
with databases, experience in Internet tech-
availability database methodology, design and modeling.
nologies also is valuable.
• Maintaining database backup and They must be able to communicate effectively
Typical duties include:
recovery infrastructure in order to plan and coordinate data resources.
• Developing database objects and structures
Working knowledge of network management,
for data storage, retrieval and reporting DATA ANALYST/REPORT WRITER distributed databases and processing, applica-
according to project specifications Strong analytical, quantitative and problem- tion architecture, and performance management
• Implementing and testing database design and solving abilities are required for this position, is highly valued. Employers generally seek a
functionality, and tuning for performance along with thorough knowledge of relational bachelor’s degree in computer science or a
• Providing support to database administrators database theory and practice. Employers look related field, as well as experience with Oracle,
and interfacing with business users to ensure the for a bachelor’s degree in computer science, Microsoft SQL Server or other databases in
database is satisfying business requirements information systems or a related field, plus various operating system environments, such as
several years of experience working with Unix, Linux, Solaris and Microsoft Windows.
• Designing and developing back-end database
major database platforms, such as Microsoft
interfaces to web and e-commerce applications Typical duties include:
SQL Server, Oracle and IBM DB2. In addition,
• Understanding and evaluating business
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR excellent communication skills and the ability
requirements and translating them into specific
Candidates for the database administrator role to work both independently and collaboratively
database solutions
need a strong technical foundation in database with data systems teams are required.
Typical duties include: • Creating data design models, database archi-
structure, configuration, installation and practice.
• Analyzing complex data systems and docu- tecture and data repository design
Employers seek individuals with knowledge and
experience in major relational database lan- menting data elements, data flow, relationships • Working with the systems and database
guages and applications, such as Microsoft SQL and dependencies administration staff to implement, coordinate
Server, Oracle and IBM DB2. At least two years • Developing automated and reusable routines and maintain enterprisewide data architecture
of postsecondary education is typically required. for extracting requested information from • Providing leadership in establishing and docu-
Professional certifications from Microsoft, Oracle database systems menting data standards
and others also are valuable. Effective database • Compiling detailed reports using data report- • Creating and testing database prototypes
administrators must have keen attention to detail, ing tools such as Crystal Reports, and making
recommendations based on their findings
DATA MODELER technical proficiency in database languages and Typical duties include:
Data modelers must possess excellent data applications such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server • Collecting, analyzing, mining and leveraging
analysis and problem-solving skills, and be able and IBM DB2. A bachelor’s degree in computer data stored in data warehouses
to both communicate effectively and work as science or the equivalent, along with five or • Researching and recommending technology
part of a team. Employers normally request more years of experience in a data warehousing solutions related to data storage, reporting,
a bachelor’s degree in computer science, IT or environment and three or more years in technical importing and other areas
mathematics, in addition to several years of rel- personnel management, are typical prerequisites. • Working with business analysts to translate
evant data management experience. Candidates Typical duties include: data requirements into logical data models
should be familiar with data modeling tools • Designing, developing and maintaining data • Defining user interfaces for interacting with
and methodologies and be knowledgeable in warehouses and data mart systems data warehouses and data marts
database system applications, stored procedures • Working with database developers, admin-
and data warehousing. istrators and managers to ensure that data BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE ANALYST
Typical duties include: systems conform to enterprise data architecture Candidates for business intelligence analyst
• Analyzing organizational data requirements and strategy positions need a strong background in all aspects
and creating logical and physical models of • Developing and implementing strategies for of database technology, with an emphasis
data flow gathering data from operational databases on the use of analytical and reporting tools.
• Interviewing key project stakeholders, and third-party vendors for inclusion in the Employers seek a bachelor’s degree in computer
documenting findings and making detailed warehouse science, information systems or engineering, as
recommendations well as several years of experience with data-
• Providing leadership in managing technical
• Working with database administrators and base queries, stored procedure writing, Online
resources and staff
reporting teams to ensure the availability Analytical Processing (OLAP) and data cube
of standard and ad hoc data reporting in a DATA WAREHOUSE ANALYST technology. Excellent written and oral commu-
production environment Data warehouse analysts must have excellent nication skills are a must.
• Addressing data quality issues with clients research, analysis and problem-solving skills, Typical duties include:
and management as well as good oral and written communica- • Designing and developing enterprisewide
tion abilities. A bachelor’s degree in computer data analysis and reporting solutions
DATA WAREHOUSE MANAGER science or a related field, along with extensive • Reviewing and analyzing data from multiple
The data warehouse manager role requires an knowledge of relational database theory and internal and external sources
in-depth background in database theory and three to five years of work experience in database • Communicating analysis results and making
practice combined with hands-on experience in systems, are typical prerequisites. Employers recommendations to senior management
data warehousing technology. Managers should also seek candidates who possess experience with • Developing data cleansing rules
have excellent analytical abilities, as well as data modeling and architecture. A professional
project management experience. Proficiency in certification in a database application such as
warehousing tools and architecture is a must, as is Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle also is valuable.

ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE written and verbal communication skills. Three Typical duties include:
(EDI) SPECIALIST to five years of systems administration experience • Defining the scope and objectives of various
EDI specialists should have a solid background may be required. Many portal administrator levels of QA testing
in information systems technology and working positions require experience installing and con- • Identifying defective products and areas that
knowledge of data communication protocols. figuring IBM WebSphere Application Server and require improvement
They must be detail-oriented, have excellent related products. • Writing, maintaining and publishing product
problem-solving skills and have the ability to Typical duties include: specifications and test results
work independently. A bachelor’s degree in com- • Integrating functional requirements into portal • Developing quality assurance standards and
puter science or a related discipline is normally applications development defining and tracking QA metrics
required. In addition, employers typically look for • Managing user access to portal resources
several years of IT-related experience, plus three • Deploying and managing portlet QA ENGINEER - AUTOMATED
or more years with EDI systems administration, applications Automated quality assurance engineers develop
design, analysis and development. • Ensuring reliability and availability of enterprise and execute automated testing suites. They also
Typical duties include: web environments lead quality assurance efforts within a software
• Implementing and monitoring EDI systems, development group and work closely with
including data mapping, translation and Quality Assurance (QA) & Testing development teams and stakeholders perform-
interface ing QA activities. These professionals lead QA
• Coordinating relations with and serving as QA ENGINEER - MANUAL efforts through defining, developing, executing
a liaison to internal users, vendors and Manual QA engineers define the scope and and documenting automated test plans and
other external partners with respect to data objectives of various levels of QA testing. They cases. Employers look for extensive knowledge
interchange standards also write and maintain test automation, publish in at least one automated testing framework. In
• Performing system testing and quality control test results, develop quality assurance standards, addition, these workers must have experience
checks and define and track quality assurance metrics. performing usability testing and a strong under-
Manual quality assurance engineers should be standing of the software development life cycle.
• Developing and maintaining EDI highly knowledgeable in quality assurance prin- The position frequently requires a bachelor’s
documentation ciples and procedures and able to define, write degree in engineering or a related technical field,
PORTAL ADMINISTRATOR and maintain test automation. Must have effective or at least three years of industry experience in
Portal administrators must have the ability to communication skills to translate technical pro- software quality assurance, including automated
analyze and solve complex problems, as well cesses and analytic techniques to solve problems, testing and/or software development.
as extensive knowledge of enterprise web and be familiar with the materials used to build Typical duties include:
applications, services, systems and supporting a product. Employers often require a bachelor’s • Leading quality assurance efforts within a soft-
technologies. Portal administrators may interact degree in engineering and may seek candidates ware development group
with a wide range of technical and nontechnical with experience in a particular industry. • Working closely with development teams and
colleagues, so candidates should have excellent stakeholders performing QA activities

• Testing high-volume web-based applications environment are typical requirements, although • Coordinating and communicating cross-
• Defining, developing, executing and docu- work experience can sometimes be substituted for functional activities among product develop-
menting automated test plans and test cases formal education. ment, marketing, product management and
• Developing automated test scripts with a variety Typical duties include: other teams in bringing new applications online
of testing tools • Developing and executing software test plans • Diagnosing and fixing bugs found by quality
• Identifying and facilitating issue resolution with assurance testers
QA/TESTING MANAGER functional and technical groups • Overseeing application coding and providing
QA/testing managers have an extensive • Managing software beta test programs technical expertise and mentoring to other
background in assurance methodologies and developers
• Documenting test results
procedures, along with excellent written and • Increasing online exposure through search
oral communication, problem-solving, organiza-
tional and presentation skills. Employers typically Web Development engine optimization best practices
look for six or more years of experience in QA, SENIOR WEB DEVELOPER WEB DEVELOPER
along with several years of technical managerial Companies hiring senior web developers seek Web developers should have in-depth knowl-
experience and a bachelor’s degree in informa- individuals with extensive experience in all edge of Internet protocols and applications, in
tion systems, computer science or a related field. phases of the web application development life addition to a solid understanding of business
Typical duties include: cycle, as well as an excellent understanding of strategy. They need strong communication skills
• Managing a group of quality assurance customer needs and business strategy. Candi- and the ability to work both individually and as
analysts/testers and directing their work dates should have expertise in the development part of a team. Employers typically seek indi-
• Establishing quality assurance and/or quality of multiplatform, distributed applications and viduals with a bachelor’s degree in computer
control policies in accordance with best prac- object-oriented programming. In addition, they science or a related field, plus several years of
tices and defining benchmarks and measures should be adept at working in a team environ- web-related experience. Work experience can
• Preparing budget and staffing plans and ment and mentoring junior colleagues. Sample sometimes be substituted for the educational
recommendations code and web links to sample work are often requirement. Sample code and web links to
requested. Employers normally seek a bach- sample work are often requested. Candidates
• Ensuring proper coordination and collabora-
elor’s degree in computer science, electrical should be well-versed in web technologies and
tion with technical teams
engineering or a related field, plus a minimum tools, such as AJAX, ColdFusion, JavaScript,
QA ANALYST of five years of experience working with a mix of SOAP, HTML/DHTML, LAMP and others.
Candidates for QA analyst positions must have web technologies, such as AJAX, Adobe Flash, Typical duties include:
excellent problem-solving skills, along with keen JavaScript, SOAP and HTML/DHTML. • Gathering business requirements and develop-
attention to detail and outstanding written and oral Typical duties include: ing specifications for web-based applications
communication abilities. A bachelor’s degree in • Providing creative vision and managing the • Providing technical assistance to web
computer science or a related discipline com- planning and implementation of web-based administrators
bined with several years of experience in a QA applications

• Integrating websites with back-end systems WEB DESIGNER degree in business, computer science, marketing,
such as databases Web designers must be creative and possess economics or a related field of study, plus a mini-
• Writing test plans and test results excellent design and conceptual skills in combi- mum of three years of professional IT experience,
nation with in-depth knowledge of the technology including work in web-related functions.
WEB ADMINISTRATOR and software used to create web pages. They Typical duties include:
Candidates for web administrator positions need need to be familiar with HTML, XML, JSP, CSS, • Analyzing business and user requirements
a thorough understanding of web technology PHP, AJAX, and similar web languages and and making recommendations regarding
and the Internet. They should be experienced in platforms, as well as the following Adobe web the design and development of web-based
working with firewalls, intranets, domain name page and design software: Photoshop, Illustrator, e-commerce solutions
services, servers, and the related hardware Acrobat, Dreamweaver and Flash. The ability • Coordinating work with web designers and
and software required to administer a website. to multitask and adapt to changing priorities and other technical specialists for the implemen-
Familiarity with web services, TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP and new technologies also is essential. Employers tation of e-commerce websites
HTTPS, LDAP and similar Internet protocols also may require a bachelor’s degree in fine arts,
is required. A bachelor’s degree in a computer- • Training and mentoring colleagues on Internet
graphic design or communications but often strategy and best practices
related field and at least two to three years of are more interested in three or more years of
experience in a web administration role are • Testing and evaluating e-commerce site perfor-
design and production experience and a strong
standard requirements, although additional expe- mance and monitoring site analytics
portfolio of web designs.
rience in web-related positions may sometimes Typical duties include:
be substituted for formal education. In addition, • Working with design teams, marketing staff Networking/Telecommunications
web administrators should have excellent com- and developers to create a consistent and NETWORK ARCHITECT
munication and customer service skills and the compelling visual style for a company’s website Individuals pursuing this position need an
ability to work well in a team environment. • Designing and formatting web pages extensive background in all aspects of network-
• Testing and troubleshooting web page features ing technology. They must possess excellent
• Installing, customizing, updating and main- written and oral communication skills, along
taining corporate internal and external web • Creating artwork to appear on web pages
with strong interpersonal and leadership abili-
pages and sites E-COMMERCE ANALYST ties. Employers generally seek a bachelor’s
• Creating and analyzing reports on web activity, E-commerce analysts must possess a strong degree in a computer-related field, along with
number of hits, traffic patterns and similar background in Internet technologies, along with at least seven years of experience with network
performance metrics excellent communication, interpersonal, analyt- operating systems such as Cisco, Novell and
• Monitoring customer feedback and ical and problem-solving skills. They also should Windows Server. Network architects also should
responding to inquiries be familiar with business and marketing concepts have experience working with routers, switches,
• Recommending network, server and related and be comfortable making recommendations cabling and other essential network hardware.
equipment, and software upgrades and based on strong attention to detail and strategic A networking certification from sources such as
improvements thinking. Employers typically seek a bachelor’s Cisco, Microsoft or Novell also is highly valued.

Typical duties include: • Providing reports to IT management regarding WIRELESS NETWORK ENGINEER
• Assessing business and applications require- network system performance, utilization and Candidates for the position of wireless network
ments for corporate data and voice networks compliance engineer need strong analytical and problem-
• Planning, designing and upgrading network • Managing and mentoring a staff of network solving skills, and must be knowledgeable about
installation projects technicians all aspects of network technology. A background
• Establishing and maintaining backup, version- in wireless equipment, standards, protocols and
NETWORK ENGINEER WLAN design is considered ideal. Candidates
control and viral defense systems
Network engineers must be detail-oriented also must be effective communicators in order to
• Troubleshooting network architecture and and have in-depth knowledge of networking
making recommendations for system fixes and collaborate successfully with network technicians,
hardware and software. A bachelor’s degree in vendors and managers. Employers typically look
enhancements computer science or electrical engineering and for a bachelor’s degree in computer science,
• Making recommendations for leveraging five or more years of experience in areas such engineering or a related field (or equivalent work
network installations and reducing as network design and implementation, LAN/ experience), plus five or more years in LAN/WAN
operational costs WAN interfacing, security, Internet protocols and engineering and design work, including several
TCP/IP, and server and network infrastructure years specializing in wireless technologies such as
NETWORK MANAGER
are typical job requirements. A professional Wi-Fi, WiMax and WAP. Professional certifications
Companies hiring network managers seek candi-
certification, such as the Cisco Certified Internet- such as the Certified Wireless Network Profes-
dates who have experience working with data and
work Expert (CCIE), also is highly desirable. sional (CWNP) also are valuable.
voice networking, along with excellent operational
Typical duties include: Typical duties include:
knowledge of network hardware and software.
In addition, network managers need outstanding • Engineering enterprise data, voice and video • Researching, designing and implementing
interpersonal, management, and oral and written networks wireless networks, including all engineering
communication skills, as well as the ability to • Establishing and operating network test facilities specifications and resource requirements for
multitask. Employers look for 10 or more years • Maintaining a secure transfer of data to multiple network hardware and software
of experience in a networking environment com- locations via internal and external networks • Making recommendations for wireless network
bined with several years of experience managing • Working with vendors, clients, carriers and optimization, additions and upgrades to meet
technical personnel. A Microsoft, Cisco or similar technical staff on network implementation, business requirements
professional certification also is valuable. optimization and ongoing management • Conducting and documenting radio frequency
Typical duties include: • Providing high-level support and technical (RF) coverage and site surveys
• Directing day-to-day operations and mainte- expertise in networking technology, including
nance of the firm’s networking technology • Documenting network infrastructure
LAN/WAN hardware, hubs, bridges and routers and design
• Collaborating with network engineers,
architects and other team members on the
implementation, testing, deployment and
integration of network systems

NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR service-oriented personality is required as these Employers generally seek a bachelor’s degree in a
Network administrators need solid technical skills individuals will often meet with clients or potential related field, along with a minimum of five years
and experience with a variety of network proto- clients as part of the sales team. Many positions of telecommunications experience, plus two or
cols, software and hardware involved in LAN and require a substantial amount of travel. Employers more years as a supervisor or manager.
WAN operations. The position requires strong generally seek a bachelor’s degree or equivalent Typical duties include:
troubleshooting, analytic and diagnostic skills, combination of education and work experience • Overseeing a team of analysts and
along with good communication abilities. In addi- in engineering, information systems or business technicians who support a firm’s
tion, firms may require the individual to be on call administration, depending on the product or ser- telecommunications infrastructure
24/7 in case of network failures or emergencies. vice being sold. Five years of industry experience, • Managing the telecommunications budget and
While some employers prefer a bachelor’s degree including two or more years in sales engineering analyzing expenditures for cost containment
in computer science or information systems, five or consulting work, are typically required.
• Evaluating equipment vendors; building
or more years of work experience, as well as pro- Typical duties include:
relationships with service providers; and
fessional certifications offered by Microsoft, Cisco • Collaborating as a member of a sales coordinating equipment installation, reloca-
and others, often can be substituted. support or account team by participating in tion and removal
Typical duties include: customer presentations as the technical expert
• Researching and making recommendations to
• Administering the operation of all LAN/WAN- • Determining technical requirements to meet IT management related to telecommunications
related network services according to company client goals and acting as the liaison between systems upgrades, improvements and long-
policies and procedures the firm’s sales/business development and range strategy
• Coordinating and implementing network soft- engineering groups
ware and hardware upgrades • Responding to requests for information (RFIs) TELECOMMUNICATIONS SPECIALIST
• Troubleshooting and resolving LAN/WAN or requests for proposals (RFPs) from current Telecommunications specialists need a detailed
performance, connectivity and related network or potential customers with technical details of understanding of telecommunications theory and
problems proposed solutions practice. They should have solid technical skills, as
• Administering LAN/WAN security, antivirus and • Coordinating the transition between pre-sales well as interpersonal and organizational abilities.
spam control measures specifications and implementation engineering Employers may seek an associate’s degree in
upon the awarding of contracts electronics or a related field but are equally inter-
PRE-SALES ENGINEER/TECHNICAL ENGINEER ested in several years of hands-on experience with
Candidates seeking a position as a pre-sales TELECOMMUNICATIONS MANAGER communications equipment. Experience working
engineer/technical engineer need proven tech- Telecommunications managers should have an with the specific hardware used in the company’s
nology skills combined with outstanding extensive background in telecommunications telecommunications system, as well as with cabling
interpersonal and teamwork abilities. They should practice, including hands-on experience with and transmission test equipment, is highly valued.
possess strong written and verbal communica- associated hardware and software. They should Typical duties include:
tion skills, attention to detail, and analytical have excellent communication, staff management, • Installing, configuring and maintaining voice,
and problem-solving capabilities. A positive, problem-solving and organizational abilities. data and video equipment

• Installing and testing cabling COMPUTER OPERATOR work experience can sometimes be substituted
• Investigating and resolving trouble ticket items Computer operators need to be detail-oriented for the educational requirement.
and making necessary equipment repairs team players with good analytical and trouble- Typical duties include:
• Resolving circuit issues shooting skills. Candidates also must possess the • Designing logic, writing code, and testing and
• Maintaining system logs and records ability to multitask. They should have a strong debugging mainframe computer applications
service orientation and be able to maintain a • Installing and implementing programs and
flexible work schedule. Employers seek candi-
Operations dates with good working knowledge of the
upgrades
• Diagnosing and resolving system problems
MANAGER hardware and operating system environment in coordination with other technical team
An in-depth background in computer opera- used by their firm. A formal postsecondary members
tions combined with supervisory experience is education often is less critical than several years
• Documenting procedures for mainframe
required for the position of operations manager. of related work experience, although system
configuration and operation
Managers should have excellent planning, certification is a valuable asset.
project management and problem-solving Typical duties include:
skills, along with superior communication and • Operating and monitoring mainframe com-
Security
interpersonal abilities. A bachelor’s degree in a puter equipment and peripherals DATA SECURITY ANALYST
computer-related field or equivalent work expe- • Performing system backups Data security analysts must possess a thor-
rience is a standard requirement. Firms normally • Identifying equipment problems and initiating ough understanding of all aspects of computer
seek a minimum of five years of operations corrective action and network security, including such areas as
experience in combination with three or more firewall administration, encryption technologies
• Keeping required logs and system records
years of managing technical personnel. and network protocols. Analysts need strong
according to departmental procedures
Typical duties include: oral and written communication, analytical,
• Directing and managing the daily activities of MAINFRAME SYSTEMS PROGRAMMER and problem-solving skills, as well as excellent
the computer operations department Systems programmers must possess experi- judgment and self-motivation. They should be
• Supervising a staff of computer operators and ence with mainframe computer programming able to multitask and work well under pressure.
other technicians, assigning their duties and languages and applications development. They It is important that candidates keep abreast
preparing performance reviews should be analytical problem solvers with good of industry security trends and developments,
• Analyzing system malfunctions or technical communication and organizational skills and as well as applicable government regulations.
problems and directing appropriate resolu- have the ability to work individually and as Employers generally seek a bachelor’s degree
tion to ensure uninterrupted operations part of a technical team. Typical requirements in a computer-related field, along with at least
include a bachelor’s degree in computer science three years of practical data security experience.
• Coordinating operations information and
or a related field, plus three to five years of work A professional certification such as the Certi-
activities with other IT managers
experience in the development of complex sys- fied Information Systems Security Professional
tems in a mainframe environment. Additional (CISSP) designation also is a valuable asset.

Typical duties include: NETWORK SECURITY ADMINISTRATOR experience installing, monitoring and maintaining
• Performing security audits, risk assessments Individuals interested in a network security network security solutions. Candidates should
and analysis administrator position need a strong techni- have excellent organizational, multitasking and
• Making recommendations for enhancing data cal background, including working knowledge communication skills. A four-year college degree
systems security of network management protocols, network- in a technical field and a Cisco or other security-
• Researching attempted breaches of data ing architecture, authentication practices and related certification may also be required.
security and rectifying security weaknesses security administration. It is important that Typical duties include:
• Formulating security policies and procedures candidates keep abreast of industry security • Analyzing performance, identifying areas of
trends and developments, as well as applicable concern and formulating action plans
SYSTEMS SECURITY ADMINISTRATOR government regulations. They also should have • Creating and maintaining documentation of
Systems security administrators must demon- excellent troubleshooting and communication network configurations and processes
strate technical knowledge of data systems skills. Employers typically seek a bachelor’s • Post-deployment monitoring and testing
security procedures and familiarity with systems degree in a technical field, along with three to
• Planning, testing and executing upgrades
hardware and software. They should have six years of relevant experience.
as necessary
good communication skills and the ability to Typical duties include:
work well in a team setting. It is important that • Implementing network security policies and INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY MANAGER
candidates keep abreast of industry security procedures The position of information systems security
trends and developments, as well as applicable • Administering and maintaining firewalls manager requires an individual with a strong
government regulations. A bachelor’s degree in • Managing, monitoring and updating malware technical background in systems and network
computer science or a related field, plus several prevention systems security, along with excellent interpersonal and
years of computer systems and security-related leadership abilities. Superior analytical and
• Monitoring security advisory groups to ensure
experience, are typical requirements for the job, problem-solving skills, as well as exceptional
all necessary network security updates, patches
although relevant work experience can some- written and verbal communication skills, also
and preventive measures are in place
times be substituted for a four-year degree. are essential. It is important that candidates
Typical duties include: • Performing intrusion detection analysis keep abreast of industry security trends and
• Creating, modifying and deleting user accounts • Preventing and detecting intrusion developments, as well as applicable government
• Monitoring systems security and responding to NETWORK SECURITY ENGINEER regulations. Employers normally seek a bach-
security incidents Network security engineers must be able to elor’s degree in information systems, computer
• Participating in security systems testing translate security policies and procedures into science or a related discipline (or an equivalent
technical architectures. Employers seek strong combination of education and experience),
• Ensuring integrity and confidentiality of
working knowledge of data and network security along with five or more years of systems and
sensitive data
technologies, as well as at least five years of network security experience. One or more years
• Preventing and detecting intrusion of managerial experience may also be required.

Industry certifications such as the Certified Typical duties include: SOFTWARE DEVELOPER
Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) • Coordinating work with software engineers and Software developers need to be detail-oriented
or the CompTIA Security+ also are commonly developers to define product requirements and have excellent problem-solving and
sought by employers. • Working with sales and marketing to define analytical abilities. They should have good
Typical duties include: customer needs, market potential, competitive communication skills and be able to work
• Providing leadership, guidance and training analysis and marketing strategy independently and as part of a development
to information systems security personnel • Writing product information materials to brief team. Employers normally require a bachelor’s
• Reviewing, implementing, updating and sales personnel on product features and benefits degree in computer science or a similar field
documenting companywide information • Assisting with trade show presentations of but may accept a two-year technical degree if
security policies and procedures the product combined with several years of practical
• Managing security audits, vulnerability and experience. Equally important are program-
threat assessments and directing responses SOFTWARE ENGINEER ming skills in languages and frameworks such
to network or system intrusions Candidates for a software engineer position as C#/C++, HTML, Java/Java Enterprise
should have broad information systems experi- Edition, Microsoft .NET and SQL Server. A
• Ensuring fulfillment of legal and contractual
ence. They should be adept at working in a team minimum of two to three years of program-
information security and privacy mandates,
environment and possess excellent communica- ming experience is a typical requirement.
including providing executive management
tion and problem-solving skills. Most jobs require Complex projects may call for additional years
with compliance reports and audit findings
a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in computer of demonstrated achievement.
• Preventing and detecting intrusion Typical duties include:
science, electrical engineering, computer engi-
neering or a related discipline. Several years’ • Coding, testing and debugging programs
Software Development experience in specific programming languages, according to computer engineering
PRODUCT MANAGER such as C#/C++, Java or .NET, depending on specifications
Product managers need a blend of business and what the employer is using, also is valuable. • Modifying, expanding and updating
marketing talent combined with technical knowl- Typical duties include: applications
edge. They should have excellent communication • Designing and creating engineering specifica- • Communicating with a team that includes
skills, including the ability to deal effectively with tions for software programs and applications analysts, engineers and quality assurance
both technical staff and business/sales profes- • Working with quality assurance to develop testers in order to coordinate and document
sionals, as well as a capacity for seeing the big software test plans application development and testing
picture in terms of product life cycle. Require- • Collaborating with hardware engineers to • Developing software prototypes
ments include a bachelor’s degree in computer assess and test hardware and software
science or business, plus five or more years of interaction
experience in software product management. For • Implementing a specific development
some positions, an MBA is highly desirable. methodology
• Documenting software specifications

Technical Services, Help Desk & DESKTOP SUPPORT ANALYST SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATOR
Candidates for a desktop support analyst position Systems administrators should possess strong
Technical Support should have extensive experience with desktop problem-solving, analytical and communication
MANAGER hardware, software applications, operating skills, in addition to in-depth technical knowl-
Managers of technical support services need systems and network connectivity. They must be edge of the employer’s systems hardware and
extensive experience with supported software and customer service-oriented and proactive in antici- software. Employer requirements vary depend-
hardware, as well as excellent interpersonal, busi- pating and resolving problems while maximizing ing on system complexity, the types of operating
ness management and customer service skills. efficient use of computing resources. A bachelor’s and network systems being supported, and the
The position also requires strong leadership skills. degree in a computer-related field and three to size of the organization. While some employ-
Employers typically seek a bachelor’s degree in five years of experience installing and supporting ers require a bachelor’s degree in computer
information systems or a related discipline with PC and laptop hardware and software are stan- science or a related field, others may accept an
at least five years of operations and support dard requirements, although some employers are associate’s degree or technical training certifi-
experience, plus three or more years in a mana- willing to substitute work experience for formal cate. Three to five years of experience working
gerial role. Professional certifications such as education. Additional requirements may include with the specific types of hardware and software
the Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) professional certifications from entities such as systems used by the company are generally
or HDI’s Support Center Manager certification, HDI (Desktop Support Technician or Support required. Professional certifications such as
or experience with the Information Technology Center Analyst), CompTIA or Microsoft (Microsoft the Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator
Infrastructure Library (ITIL), also are valuable. Certified IT Professional or Microsoft Certified (MCSA), Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer
Typical duties include: Systems Administrator). (MCSE) or Sun Certified System Administrator
• Managing the daily operations of a firm’s help Typical duties include: (SCSA) may be commonly sought by employers.
desk and support services • Maintaining an inventory of installed software, Typical duties include:
managing software licensing, and creating • Installing operating system software, patches
• Managing staff, including hiring, training, policies and procedures for upgrades and upgrades
scheduling work assignments and conducting
evaluations • Working with hardware and software vendors • Analyzing, troubleshooting and resolving sys-
to verify timely product delivery and ensuring tem hardware, software and networking issues
• Monitoring response times, evaluating user that new equipment is installed and ready to
satisfaction levels and making recommenda- • Configuring, optimizing, fine-tuning and moni-
operate on schedule toring operating system software and servers
tions for improvement
• Analyzing and making recommendations for • Performing system backups and recovery
• Evaluating and managing technical support hardware and software standardization
systems hardware and software and making • Conducting server builds
recommendations regarding upgrades or • Creating user accounts and managing access
control based on company policies SYSTEMS ENGINEER
changes In addition to in-depth technical knowledge
• Negotiating, writing and reporting on internal of the employer’s software and hardware,
and external service-level agreements systems engineers need advanced analytical,

troubleshooting and design skills. The ability to Active Directory and Lotus Notes, plus hand- ware and networking systems being supported.
communicate with technical and nontechnical held devices, and a strong understanding of Employer requirements depend on the help
users also is essential. Employers may require malware protection. Messaging administrators desk position level. Tier 1, an entry-level posi-
extensive knowledge of the development pro- must be comfortable in a fast-paced environ- tion, normally requires less than two years of
cess, including specification, documentation and ment with rapidly changing technology. A bach- work experience and may require an associate’s
quality assurance. Because of the broad range elor’s degree in computer science, computer degree or completion of coursework at a techni-
of demands systems engineers must meet, information systems or a related field, plus at cal school. Tier 2 positions typically require two
candidates who have demonstrated strong least two years of experience working with the to four years of work experience and may require
project planning skills often hold an advantage. messaging systems used by the employer, are a bachelor’s degree or a two-year degree and
Employers generally prefer candidates with five standard requirements. additional, equivalent work experience in a
or more years of experience working with the Typical duties include: help desk setting. Tier 3 positions often require
specific hardware and software systems used by • Implementing, administering and maintaining four or more years of help desk experience,
the company, as well as a bachelor’s degree or email and groupware systems, including associ- a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a
equivalent experience. ated servers, operating systems, and backup related field and/or professional certification,
Typical duties include: and recovery programs such as HDI’s Customer Service Representative or
• Developing, maintaining and supporting • Troubleshooting and fixing system problems and Support Center Analyst or the Microsoft Certified
technical infrastructure, hardware and system service requests, and providing high-level tech- Systems Engineer (MCSE) designation.
software components nical support for unresolved help desk issues Typical duties include:
• Performing installation, maintenance and • Formulating and documenting standard proce- Tier 3
support of system software/hardware and dures for messaging system administration • Researching and resolving the most difficult
user support • Identifying areas for enterprisewide system and complex problems that other help desk
• Configuring, debugging and supporting improvements and upgrades, including trending levels have been unable to resolve
multiple infrastructure platforms analysis and capacity planning • Analyzing and identifying trends in issue
• Performing high-level root cause analysis for • Planning, documenting and testing appropriate reporting and devising preventive solutions
service interruption recovery and creating messaging-related disaster recovery and/or • Mentoring other help desk personnel on hard-
preventive measures business continuity systems ware and software problem analysis
and resolution
MESSAGING ADMINISTRATOR HELP DESK (TIERS 1, 2 & 3) Tier 2
Messaging administrators must be detail-oriented All help desk personnel need excellent problem- • Resolving more complex issues requiring
with excellent problem-solving, communication solving, communication and interpersonal skills, detailed systems and applications knowledge;
and documentation skills. They should have along with patience, a customer-friendly attitude these issues have been escalated from Tier 1
hands-on experience working with the hard- and the ability to work in a team environment.
ware and software components of messaging • Making the decision to generate a trouble or
In addition, they should have a strong technical
systems such as Microsoft Exchange, Outlook, work order ticket for issues that will require a
understanding of the various hardware, soft-
visit to the user’s PC or workstation

Tier 1 PC TECHNICIAN Employers typically seek five or more years of

• Taking initial telephone or email inquiries and PC technicians need excellent problem-solving experience in IT-related positions, along with
troubleshooting and managing relatively simple and customer service skills, as well as thorough several years of business continuity planning
hardware, software or network problems knowledge of PC hardware, software and net- experience. A minimum of a bachelor’s degree
• Recognizing and escalating more difficult work connections. Employers look for relevant in computer science or a related field is a stan-
problems to Tier 2 support training, which may include an associate’s dard educational requirement.
• Logging call activity degree or completion of coursework through Typical duties include:
a technical school, as well as hands-on experi- • Analyzing critical business functions and defin-
INSTRUCTOR/TRAINER ence working with PC hardware and software. ing the scope and impact of disaster scenarios
Candidates for an instructor/trainer position One to five years of previous experience may • Designing, planning and implementing an
require a combination of in-depth subject-matter be required, depending on the complexity of the enterprisewide business continuity plan
expertise and excellent communication and position. Professional certifications, such as the • Analyzing existing systems and recommending
presentation skills. They must be able to explain CompTIA IT Technician or Microsoft Certified IT redundant, fault-tolerant solutions to ensure
sometimes difficult technical material clearly Professional designation, also provide important business continuity and duplication of all
and patiently to students with varying levels of skills validation and may be a requisite. critical data
proficiency. Candidates should be outgoing Typical duties include: • Devising, scheduling and implementing busi-
and comfortable working with diverse groups of • Installing, configuring and maintaining ness continuity tests and analyzing results
people while maintaining professionalism at all desktop and laptop PCs and peripherals such
times. A bachelor’s degree in a related subject • Documenting business continuity procedures,
as printers
area may be preferred by some employers. and making presentations and recommenda-
• Installing and configuring application and tions to senior management
Breadth of technical knowledge and at least one operating system software and upgrades
year of training experience also are required. • Ensuring that the firm and its data systems
• Troubleshooting and repairing hardware and are in compliance with regulations such as
Certification, such as a Microsoft Certified Trainer network connectivity issues
(MCT) designation, also can be useful. the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Gramm-Leach-Bliley
• Removing old equipment and performing Act and Health Insurance Portability and
data migration to new machines Accountability Act in the United States or
• Determining training objectives and developing
a course curriculum BUSINESS CONTINUITY ANALYST Multilateral Instrument 52-109 in Canada
• Creating course materials, handouts, instruc- Individuals interested in a business continuity
tional aids, audio/visual materials and similar analyst position need excellent analytical, orga-
teaching aids nizational, communication and documentation
• Conducting classroom training skills. A background in project management
• Testing and evaluating student performance and/or business or systems analysis, and
in-depth knowledge of a business sector such
as finance or securities, is considered ideal.

About Robert Half Technology
Robert Half Technology is much more than just a

resource for compensation data. We are the
leading provider of highly skilled technology
professionals on a full-time and temporary basis.
In 2014, our parent company, Robert Half, once
again was named to FORTUNE® magazine’s list
of “World’s Most Admired Companies.”
(March 17, 2014)

About Robert Half Technology
Robert Half Technology offers project, contract-to-hire and full-time staffing, as Benefits of Using Project Workers
well as managed IT service solutions, worldwide to organizations that require
on-demand technical expertise. The following business functions are representative
of the technology project services we offer: • Allows you to quickly adjust staffing
levels as workloads fluctuate
Project consultants – With a database of more than 1 million experienced
consultants, we are able to quickly provide you with the skilled candidates you • Eases the burden when employees
need to help meet your project staffing requirements. are spread too thin
Contract-to-hire and full-time candidates – We designed an innovative
• Provides access to specialized skills
Company-In recruitment process to help companies accelerate their hiring and
when they don’t exist in-house
minimize the loss of time and money associated with staffing open positions.
Salaried professional service* – We can offer you access to a wide range of • Lets you and a potential employee
full-time consultants for long-term projects that require ongoing expertise ensure the job is a fit before making
without turnover. a full-time commitment
IT managed services – We have the ability to scale for large projects regionally,
nationally and globally, including PC refreshes, OS upgrades, help desk/
desk-side support outsourcing and QA testing.
Solution consulting – We deliver a joint solution in collaboration with Robert
Half’s Protiviti subsidiary, a global consulting and internal audit firm. Together,
we can offer subject-matter experts who have experience providing highly com-
plex, deliverables-based consulting using Protiviti’s proprietary methodology
and tools.
*Available only in the United States.

Worldwide Locations
United States Florida Maryland New York Tennessee

Arizona Coral Gables Baltimore New York – Midtown Memphis
Fort Lauderdale Bethesda New York – Wall Street Nashville
Phoenix
Jacksonville Uniondale
California Orlando Massachusetts Texas
Tampa Boston North Carolina Austin
City of Industry
Burlington Charlotte Dallas – Downtown
Irvine Georgia Westborough Raleigh Dallas – Galleria
La Jolla
Atlanta Fort Worth
Los Angeles Michigan Ohio Houston – Galleria
Oakland Illinois Grand Rapids Akron Houston – Westchase
Ontario
Chicago Southfield Blue Ash Houston – The Woodlands
Sacramento
Hoffman Estates Cincinnati San Antonio
San Francisco Minnesota
Northbrook Cleveland
San Jose Bloomington Utah
Oakbrook Terrace Columbus
San Mateo Minneapolis Dayton Salt Lake City
Stockton Indiana Dublin
Torrance Indianapolis Missouri Virginia
Westwood St. Louis Oklahoma Richmond
Iowa Oklahoma City Tysons Corner
Colorado Nevada
Cedar Rapids Tulsa
Colorado Springs Des Moines Las Vegas Washington
Denver Oregon Bellevue
Englewood Kansas New Hampshire Portland Seattle
Overland Park Manchester
Connecticut Pennsylvania Wisconsin
Hartford Kentucky New Jersey King of Prussia Madison
Stamford Louisville Paramus Philadelphia Milwaukee
Parsippany Pittsburgh
District of Columbia Louisiana Princeton
Washington New Orleans Woodbridge Rhode Island
Providence
New Mexico
Albuquerque South Carolina
Greenville

Worldwide Locations
Australia Quebec Singapore

Brisbane Montreal Singapore
Melbourne
Perth Chile Switzerland
Sydney Santiago Zurich
Brazil China United Arab Emirates
Barra Hong Kong (SAR) Abu Dhabi
Belo Horizonte Dubai
Campinas France
Rio de Janeiro Lyon
United Kingdom
São Paulo Massy Birmingham
Paris – La Défense Bristol
Canada London Central
Stade de France
Alberta London City
Calgary Germany
Edmonton Berlin
Cologne
British Columbia Düsseldorf
Vancouver Essen
Frankfurt
Manitoba Hamburg
Winnipeg Munich
Stuttgart
Ontario
Mississauga Japan
North York Osaka
Ottawa Tokyo
Toronto

Call us today at 1.800.793.5533.
rht.com
© 2014 Robert Half Technology. An Equal Opportunity Employer. M/F/D/V. RHT-1014-3646

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2015

Table of Contents ......................................................................1

Robert Half Technology 2015 Salary Guide | rht.com 1

Compensation may not be the only factor that determines your

Robert Half Technology 2015 Salary Guide | rht.com 2

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Mobile Security Certified Information Systems Security

Robert Half Technology 2015 Salary Guide | rht.com 4

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PERCENTAGE OF COMPANIES THAT OFFER THE FOLLOWING BENEFITS:

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1995 1996 1997 1998

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2000 2001 2002 2003

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

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2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

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2030 2031 2032 2033 2034

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Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

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Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

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Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

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Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

Technology Salaries – Canada

Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

All salaries listed on Pages 19-22 are in Canadian dollars.

Robert Half Technology 2015 Salary Guide | rht.com 19

Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

Data Warehouse Analyst $ 91,000 - $123,750 $ 95,000 - $131,000 5.2%

Business Intelligence Analyst $ 81,750 - $113,750 $ 89,000 - $120,000 6.9%

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Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

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Job Title 2014 2015 % Change

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St. Petersburg. . . . . . 95.5 Sioux City . . . . . . . . 82.0 MINNESOTA Princeton . . . . . . . . 125.0

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management. At a minimum, a bachelor’s Typical duties include: SENIOR IT AUDITOR

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IT AUDITOR Data/Database Administration DATABASE MANAGER

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