Review Exercises for Chapter P 297

14. (a) t  0.00271s2  0.0529s  2.671 16. (a) T  2.9856  104 p3  0.0641 p2  5.2826p  143.1
(b) 21 (b) 350

20 100 0 110
0 150

(c) The curve levels off for s < 20. (c) For T  300F, p  68.29 pounds per square inch.
(d) t  0.002s2  0.0346s  0.183 (d) The model is based on data up to 100 pounds per
21
square inch.

0 100
0

The model is better for low speeds.

18. (a) Ht  84.4  4.28 sin 6t  3.86 (c) 100

One model is

Ct  58  27 sin 6t  4.1. 0

0
13

(b) 100
(d) The average in Honolulu is 84.4.

The average in Chicago is 58.

(e) The period is 12 months (1 year).

0 13
0
(f) Chicago has greater variability 27 > 4.28.

20. Answers will vary.

Review Exercises for Chapter P

2. y  x  1x  3
x  0 ⇒ y  0  10  3  3 ⇒ 0, 3 y-intercept

y  0 ⇒ 0  x  1x  3 ⇒ x  1, 3 ⇒ 1, 0, 3, 0 x-intercepts

4. xy  4 6. Symmetric with respect to y-axis since

x  0 and y  0 are both impossible. No intercepts. y  x4  x2  3

y  x4  x2  3.
298 Chapter P Preparation for Calculus

8. 4x  2y  6 10. 0.02x  0.15y  0.25 12. y  x6  x

y  2x  3 2x  15y  25 y

2
y   15 x  53
10
Slope: 2
8
2
y-intercept: 3 Slope:  15 6
5
y y-intercept: 3
4

1 2
y
x x
−2 2 4 8
−2 −1 2 3
3
−1

−2
1
−3
x
−4 4 8 12
−1

−2

14. y  x  4  4   16. y  8 
3 x  6 18. yx1
y x  1  x2  7
Xmin = -40
Xmax = 40 0  x2  x  6
x
−1 2 3 4 5 6 Xscl = 10
−1
No real solution
−2 Ymin = -40
No points of intersection
−3 Ymax = 40
The graphs of y  x  1 and
−4 Yscl = 10
−5 y  x2  7 do not intersect.
−6

20. y  kx3

(a) 4  k13 ⇒ k  4 and y  4x3 (b) 1  k23 ⇒ k   18 and y   18 x3

(c) 0  k03 ⇒ any k will do! (d) 1  k13 ⇒ k  1 ⇒ y  x3

3  1 36
22. y
24. 
3  t 3  8
14
12 (7, 12) 4 3
10 
8
3  t 11
6
4 44  9  3t
2
x 53  3t
−2
1 2 3 4 5 6 (7, −1)
53
t
3
The line is vertical and has no slope.
 Review Exercises for Chapter P 299

26. y  6  0x  2 28. m is undefined. Line is vertical.

y  6 Horizontal line x5

y y

8 6
(−2, 6) 4
(5, 4)
4 2

2 x
−4 −2 2 4 6 8
x −2
−6 −4 −2 2 4 6
−2 −4

−4 −6

2
30. (a) y  3   x  1 32. (a) C  9.25t  13.50t  36,500
3
 22.75t  36,500
3y  9  2x  2
(b) R  30t
2x  3y  11  0
(b) Slope of perpendicular line is 1. (c) 30t  22.75t  36,500
7.25t  36,000
y  3  1x  1
t  5034.48 hours to break even.
yx2
0xy2
43
(c) m 1
21
y  3  1x  1
yx2
0xy2
(d) y3
y30

34. x2  y  0 36. x  9  y2
Function of x since there is one value for y for each x. Not a function of x since there are two values of y for
some x.
y

y
6

5 4

4
2
3 1
2 x
−12 −9 −6 −3 3 6 12
−1
1
−2
x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3
−4

38. (a) f 4  42  2  18 (because 4 < 0) 40. f x  1  x2 and gx  2x  1

 
(b) f 0  0  2  2 (a) f x  gx  1  x2  2x  1  x2  2x
(c) f 1  1  2  1 (b) f xgx  1  x22x  1  2x3  x2  2x  1
(c) g f x  g1  x2  21  x2  1  3  2x2
300 Chapter P Preparation for Calculus

42. f x  x3  3x2 44. (a) f x  x2x  62

6 100

(0, 0)
−6 6

(2, − 4) −4 10

−6 −25

(a) The graph of g is obtained from f by a vertical shift (b) gx  x3x  62
down 1 unit, followed by a reflection in the x-axis:
300
gx    f x  1

 x3  3x2  1
−2 10
(b) The graph of g is obtained from f by a vertical shift
upwards of 1 and a horizontal shift of 2 to the right. −100

gx  f x  2  1
(c) hx  x3x  63
 x  2  3x  2  1
3 2
200

−4 10

− 800

46. For company (a) the profit rose rapidly for the first year, 48. (a) y  1.204x  64.2667
and then leveled off. For the second company (b), the
profit dropped, and then rose again later. (b) 70

0 33
0

(c) The data point 27, 44 is probably an error.

Without this point, the new model is
y  1.4344x  66.4387.

Problem Solving for Chapter P

2. Let y  mx  1 be a tangent line to the circle from the point 0, 1. Then
x2   y  12  1
x2  mx  1  12  1
m2  1x2  4mx  3  0
Setting the discriminant b2  4ac equal to zero,
16m2  4m2  13  0
16m2  12m2  12
4m2  12
m  ± 3
Tangent lines: y  3x  1 and y   3x  1.
 Problem Solving for Chapter P 301

4. (a) f x  1 y (b) f x  1 y

4 4

x x
−3 −1 1 3 −4 4

−2 −2

−4 −4

(c) 2f x y (d) f x y

4 4

x x
−4 −2 2 4 −4 −2 2 4

−2 −2

−4 −4

(e) f x y

(f) f x  y

4 4

2 2

x x
−4 −2 2 4 −4 −2 2 4

−2 −2

−4 −4


(g) f  x  y

x
−4 −2 2 4

−2

−4

300  3x
6. (a) 4y  3x  300 ⇒ y  (b) y
4 4000
3500
300  3x 3x2  300x
Ax  x2y  x  2

2
3000
2500
2000

Domain: 0 < x < 100 1500

1000
500
x
25 50 75 100

Maximum of 3750 ft 2 at x  50 ft, y  37.5 ft.

3
(c) Ax   x2  100x
2
3
  x2  100x  2500  3750
2
3
  x  502  3750
2
A50  3750 square feet is the maximum area,
where x  50 ft and y  37.5 ft.
302 Chapter P Preparation for Calculus

8. Let d be the distance from the starting point to the beach.

distance
Average velocity 
time
2d

d d

120 60
2

1 1

120 60
 80 km
hr

y
10.
4

2
(4, 2)
1

x
1 2 3 4 5
−1

32 1 1
(a) Slope   . Slope of tangent line is greater than .
94 5 5
21 1 1
(b) Slope   . Slope of tangent line is less than .
41 3 3
2.1  2 10 10
(c) Slope   . Slope of tangent line is greater than .
4.1  4 41 41
f 4  h  f 4
(d) Slope 
4  h  4
4  h  2

h
4  h  2 4  h  2 4  h  2
(e)  
h h 4  h  2

4  h  4

h4  h  2
1
 ,h0
4  h  2

1 1
As h gets closer to 0, the slope gets closer to . The slope is at the point 4, 2.
4 4
 Problem Solving for Chapter P 303

I kI
12. (a) 
x2  y2 x  42  y2

x  42  y2 k2x2  y2

k2  1x2  k2  1y2  8x  16
If k  1, then x  2 is a vertical line. So, assume k2  1  0. Then
8x 16
x2  y2  
k2  1 k2  1

x  k
2
4 16 16
 y2  
2
1 k2  1 k2  12

x  k k 4k 1 , Circle
2 2
4
 y2 
2
1 2

 32
2 2
1
(b) If k  3, x   y2 
2
(c) For large k, the center of the circle is near 0, 0, and the radius becomes smaller.
y

x
−2
(− 12 , 0) 1 2

−2

1
14. f x  y 
1x
(a) Domain: all x  1
Range: all y  0
1x x1
(b) f  f x  f 1 1 x  1

1
1x1

x

1
1
1x  1x
x

Domain: all x  0, 1

(c) f  f  f x  f x x 1  1
x1
1
 x
1
x
1
x 
Domain: all x  0, 1
(d) The graph is not a line. It has holes at 0, 0 and 1, 1.
y

x
−2 1 2

−2