362 JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY - VOL. 20, NO. 3 retary of the Committee for the Improvement of Medical Care, pres- ident of the Physicians Forum, and a founder and head of the Boston Committee for the Sane Nuclear Policy (publicizing the hazards of radiation exposure and opposing nuclear testing and the nuclear arms race), he was elected president of the American Pediatric Soci- ety and the New England Pediatric Society. Butler won the Ernst P. Boas Memorial Award for the Advancement of Social Medicine in 1963 and, in 1969, the Howland Award of the American Pediatric Society. In his last decades, Butler fiercely opposed the war in Vietnam, counseling young men who sought conscientious objector status. In an address entitled “On Vietnam and the Younger Generation’s Opportunity for Social Responsibility,” Butler, a septuagenarian, defended the “loyalty of civil disobedience.” He testified for Ben- jamin Spock, his friend of thirty years, charged with conspiracy to assist draft resistance. Governments can make mistakes, and unjust laws must be resisted, Butler declared: “The shibboleth of ‘our coun- try right or wrong’ was declared at Nuremberg to be no excuse for wrong” (Butler Papers). Butler died at home on Martha’s Vineyard in 1986 at age ninety-two, never wavering from his beliefs. Acknowledgment: This article is reprinted from Lois N. Magner, editor, Doctors, Nurses, and Medical Practitioners: A Bio-bibliographical Source Book, an imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., Westport, CT, with the publisher’s per BIBLIOGRAPHY The Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, holds the Allan Macy Butler Papers. They contain several boxes pertaining to his career in medicine and medical politics. The Ernst P. Boas Papers at the American Philosophical Society Library in Philadelphia contain materials relating to Butler's hearings before loyalty boards during the 1950s. There is no biog- raphy of Butler; biographical sketches appeared in various newspapers and obituaries. The Countway Library maintains a list of his publications, with 144 entries. Some of the articles that Butler believed were among his most significant are listed below.