Introduction

Nitrogen cycle is biogeochemical cycle where nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical
form. Nitrite and nitrate are naturally occurring ion that part of the nitrogen cycle. Inorganic
fertilizer is contained nitrate and sodium nitrite is used as food preservatives, especially
in cured meats. The concentration of nitrate in groundwater and surface water normally
low but it can reach high level as a result of leaching or runoff form agricultural land or
contamination from human or animal wastes because of the oxidation of ammonia and
similar sources.
The formation and persistence of nitrite occur because of anaerobic condition. When the
formation of chloramine is not sufficiently controlled, then chioramination will rise the
formation of nitrite within the distribution system.The formation of nitrite is because of
microbial activity and may be intermittent. Nitrification in distribution systems can increase
nitrite levels, usually by 0.2–1.5 mg/litre.

Basic Concept
Nitrite is the by-product of the breakdown of Ammonia, this breakdown is done by the
bacteria call nitrosomonas, in the pond. The high levels of Nitrite in pond can cause
damage to the fish liver, spleen, nervous system and kidneys. This can result in the death
of fish. Nitrate is a water-soluble molecule made of nitrogen and oxygen. It is formed when
nitrogen in ammonia or another source combines with oxygenated water. Nitrite is
converted to Nitrate by nitrobacteria in pond.
Nitrate is naturally found in plants and many foods, tasteless and odorless. Since it does
not evaporate or bind well to soil, it is used by plants or stays in the water. Nitrate reactions
can cause oxygen depletion in water, which may cause fish kills.