Q. Discuss how the problems of road construction in water logged area may be solved?

Ans. If sometimes happens that the subgrade is subjected to extreme soaking conditions due to
high level of ground water table as well as high capillary rise. Such an area is known as

Q. Discuss the function of dowel and tie bars in rigid pavement.

Ans. Function Of Dowel. Fig1(a) illustrates that there is no load transfer across the expansion
joints without the dowel bars as each slabs deflects independently under the axle load. The
functioning of expansion joint with dowel bars is illustrated in fig. When wheel load is placed at
the edge of slab adjoining the expansion joint, a part of deflection and load are transferred
across the adjoining slab the help of pump of dowel bars. The load stress in dowel bars is
diagram.
Rounded steel bars of diameter 25 to 32 mm and length about 500mm are placed at intervals of
250 to 300mm as per design. About 50mm less than the half length of rounded steel dowel bars
are embedded during concreting along one slab, so as to bond with the concrete. The other half
length of dowel bars are covered with suitable plastic sheathing to prevent development the
bond between dowel bars and concrete of adjoining slab. The debonded half length of dowel
bars can slide into adjoining slab.
Function tie bars. Tie bars are use across the longitudinal joint of cement concrete pavements.
Tie bars are embedded at mid depth during concreting ensure the adjacent slab on either side
of longitudinal joints to remain firmly together to prevent opening up the joint. Tje longitudinal
joints of tie bars acts as as hinges and help to relieve parts of warping stresses in CC
pavement. The lie bars are not acts as load transfer devices.
Tie bars are thus designed to withstand tensile stress the maximum tensile force in tie bars
being equal to force required to overcome frictional force between the bottom of the pavement
slab and thebbase course. the force is estimated between the longitudinal joint under
consideration and the adjacent joint or free edge.