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Edibrs
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ksociatE ​Editor3 A3$istald ​EditoB
SH!GII.,IAI- ​ARTI* L=

Cf|t^:l-l ​ ​ ​steLt€}EF. alar.aa. ..rlaa ​ ​ ​ ​{str3r

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​ ​F!*rrrf i ​INUKAYANi ​. ​T(iNI ​HhNUAI{i" ​NAII-UHY ​J}{UI".YF.NA', ​fuiUUUY ​L. ​U. ​UJ,+IV'II'.

UI\U I​ JAI'JiJiTAi
ABSTRACT
Background. inaeasing ​eases ​of ​chrld ​sexuai abuse nappen unreportedly. ​fhrs ​has caused r​ epeiitton ​of ablrse and
macje ​accurate ​Drevelence ​of ​hanoening ​difficult ​to nredict ​Renetition ​of ​abuse ​wili ​resuit ​in r*rorcc nonalirro imn:ntc

ntr,t, t:*. irieihoti.

​ ​YL:^ ​t ​iir+ ​ it ​Savuf ^r",J." is
​ ​artrrg ^i*^ a^ ​ ​quaiiiaiive ​tn nhilrlran ​gAPrvr€ ^,,^t--^ .L^
​ ​{v a ​ ​{l ​.g ​ha*h fnr .-.

9riivlrulv.s}i ^L---^t^^., ​sir.riiy ​witir ​piren$rne*$iogiuai ​lnnn ,-'.7 and chnt farr v​ , ^t wllr!u -LilJ tE^ug. ^^,.,.*l ​guuis, ​^L,,^^ ​appruasil-

Ti:e ​pariiuiparris ​weie iirsss ​wnu ​were ​Thnrrrnrroh ​ur initiai

​ ​R.esuiis, ​^tr ​vtr -i-t tfivolved
​ narticioants ​sqiucl ​^^-...*!
Tiris ​infonriorrrc €!s&s.

^L,.-* or ​ ho ​were ​rrroro ​knew ​iepcras the ​nnndrraiorl ​abusers ​tne i.ire ​happentngs. ​Leiaiiurrsirip ​.lailed frnm
​ ​siutiy w ​
in ​Fahnranr ​snowball ​ilB berwee* ​Class ​J--,,'*'''.,s*-r_*"..* ​ln ​technqlie ​cusiodv ​lrlarnh ​tile ​vir:ilitu ​]O'lR ​of ​was
Raba ​inrrnhri*a ​used ​arld Bima ​iriJuserri, ​for ​a) ​coileciing ​West ​norc^ne ​iirlre, ​Nusa oata ​fnr ​piaue ​Tenooara, ​Q ​and
eacac ​als t​ he

?requency ​ol ​sexuai ​abuse; ​occupatron of abuser's ​wie; r​ easons ​of ​commitrng sexual ​abuse; ​how * ​ as ​Clnclxslcn.
​ w

*^., ​
revealed, ​the ​hancilino ​Se-tle! o​ r{r9fr19rE ^-,.,.,L^-^*-J
​ ​grtu rtlG, ​ 3bL!s3 of ​ ​ttrp.nedirt:L'le
​ ​an the
​ ​victims ​!s and

L- ​ L,. ​ **,.L^J., n-,--r- ​

​ abusers. ​lJhi.h nr3)'
intervention ​f!'!y11e to ​ ​h?pPen t​ o ​uq ​ w\rrirlllrtagu --*-;*--t
​ ​}, ​ {:{ijwu+}. ​ r qrqrrir 9trvuru

*^-^-s^^.:^* ​ a^ ​ aL^;- ​
-L-",tJ ​g.vs -;..^ ​rrrurE ​
​ er{qirrrvrt ​?n:1boC1', ​ {v ​ rir9rt ​ elfine,
$iilrut€r{, ​-LllJ-^- ​choose now ​to gei anii ​nelp ​rn$nii.or ​when ​ihe tliey ​ciriii's ​are envirorirnen| ​sexually iniroriuce ​sex
educauun ​in ​rheir ear;y ​age ​anri ​ieii ​rirerrr ​abused. ​I ​hematrc oral anaiysrs ​was ​used ​tor o
​ ata ​analysls whereas

Karnrlnrcle trianculation
​ ​S.avrral ​ehrrsa method
​ ​ahildran was
​ ​used ​fi61a for
​ ​nla4o t​ r.- ​data ​t-t ​frenrranav ,​ ​verification.
t-1--"vt' ​
reeer\n ​handlinr-r ​interyentiOn. ​lf{TRODUCTlof.|

Child sexual abuse is ​a ​very serious, ​complexed ​concerning and ​universal ​ ​children which ​are is
​ that problemr{
​ ​ ​
 crucial ​ ​ ​discuss, ​next generation
the n​ ation to ​ ​parts for ​the and
​ ​persistence valuahle
​ asset ​of the who
​ ​muntry rruil'
​

play ​and irnportant

​ ​nation. Childhood
​ ​is a ​very ​important, ​s€nsative ​and ​crucial ​time ​future $hovdn ​experience for
​

​ child ​ruhicil
characterc" ​that the ​child development
​ ​Results ​sexual ​
will ​disturb ​of abilse ​previous which
​

​ ​studies ​child ​a shape

the ​is will ​ ​traumatic future ​have their
​ development and give both long term and short ​term

wealthffi. ​teenagers ​negative impact Results

​ ​ ​their studies
​who ​experienced ​to of ​ ​plrysical sexual
​ ​showed ​and

abuse ​psychological that

​ ​in ​40,2% their chilhood were ​diagno$ed ​to ​have suffered ​from ​post traumatic ​Child

stresgs. ​sexual ​abuse ​is ​a ​much ​broader ​problem than ​ ​it ​has ​been anticipatedlo. Generally, ​it ​happens ​of ​repeatedly
​ are ​ sexually ​
time. l​ t ​is a​ nd because ​it i​ s only ​the r​ evealed children aner larho
​ a ​ long ​ pericd
abused are ​threatened ​by ​the a​ buser ​who ask ​ihem

2palheknik :Akademi
​ ​Kebidanan ​Xesehataa ​Bina ​Kementian ​Husada, ​TangeranE ​Kesehatan ​Bffna ​Jurusan ​Keperawalan, ​3Akademi Xebidanan
Akademi ​Kebicianen ​ Birta ​l-iusacia. Tangerang
Nusa Tenggara ​iiarapan Sarat
​ ​Bunria ​Bma ​ '​ 'Seftoiah ​Tinggi ​iintu Carresparidenc* ​to ​

Keseilaiao ​Birn ​Permata ​hrlrcydfii, ​Enzail ​: ​i*clrayati_akbiil@yahao. ​Medika ​t.a. ​id ​Kuiai ​irdonesia. ​qlaRFaTa ​Raya ​Zip ​I'1o.7, ​Code ​8ei:congatl

​ elapa ​t.A27|-5515fi72 D
i58:': ​Pi K ​ anieri, ​t6?21- ​not t​ o ​tell ​anybody. ​Ttris ​rnakes ​the ​children f​ eel
​ ang*ratrg, ​Fa;i. B
​ ua, T
family ​extrer*ely ​sr a​ nybody scared ​that ​else. ​they ​The ​do ​same ​nat ​sases ​dare ​to reprted ​tell ​their ​in ​the

previous studies revealed ​that it ​was ​difiicutt to determine the accurate prevalence because in ​some ​what cases
​

happened the
​ victms ​and and
​ ​ ​fumilies ​kept ​it felt
​they the ​ ​a s​ ecre*, asharned
​ ​rr-13. ​of ​of ​compared $tudies
​

​ ​abuse ​to Beitchrnaii

sexual by ​ ​those ​te*d ​lyho et ​ ​get ​never revealed
​ ​to al. ​ ​sexual experience that
​ ​abuses the
​

victims ​sexual ​again abusel4.

​ l​ t ​was ​reported t​ hat ​repeaterd, ​frequent ​and ​severe ​ mrtisol disurbancerT.
​ ​and

r8' ​
epilepsy24, ​psychology ​personality sexual
​ ​increase ​when chronical
​ ​ abuse ​anxiety, ​problemli+, ​they ​and

negativetry ​were pai*

​ d​ epression, ​
post 1e23'
​ ​grswn of
​ ​convulsion affeCed
​ ​traumatic pelvis6,
​ ​
up15' mental
​

​ isorder ​such ​but dieting

ro, ​the d ​stress c*ild ​not as problem26; ​aild
​ ​ ​ ​problems lies27;
​ ​
or ​sexual alcehol
​
e0; ​
disfunctionla; drug
​ ​abusels, ​homosexual ​ sexual ​experience when ​they are ​treenagers ​or grown ​up{a; ​venereal

herpes ​not ​by F

​ lunnan ​suicideF, sirnplex
​ ​diseases, ​tmr*une ​and virus
​ ​effort increasing
​ ​Deficiency ​tape ​to 2
​
 {HS\IZ}19; ​comrnit nsk
​ ​Virus of
​ ​suicidds,s. having
​ self-hurting ​{HlV}1e. infected
​ a​ ​and but
​ ​To ​to ​and health
​
respond ​broaden ​preventive approaches
​ the ​the problem
​ ​scientific ​action. are
​ ​more ​of ​proof Epidemiolagy vital
​

effectively, importance ​base, it

​ ​consequence, is
​ ​and necessary
​ ​in ​placlng ​socia!
the ​problem ​nationally ​and intemationally ​concerning

442 ​P ​J ​M H ​S ​Vol. ​12, NO. ​1, ​JAN ​- MAH

​ ​2018
indrayani, Rini Hendari, ​I'iandry indryana ​et ​ai.
​ ​to ​convicts four
{violated ​and ​niece, ​sent ​12 one by ​ ​Class

classmate, rapistsi-
​ ​
had ​llB ​Raba been and All
​ ​Bima Custody,
the ​action31" ​should g​ overnment, cc*sequences
​ ​be
whereas ​1 ​convict ​had ​been ​sent to ​was ​nnore ​convicted

Therefore, endured ​and ​how of

​ ​by ​to ​it child
​ restricted ​of custody
​ ​ ​multi Mataram
​having in ​ ​criminal City
​

sexual ​very t​ he importantbecause ​cases. ​The ​he ​approach ​cases eight

​ ​
Qualitative
implement ​ is i​ ndividuai, ​

victims ​and was ​the were ​causes used ​study females ​to ​of
abuse ​society ​preventive which
​ ​a*d ​to ​study cornprehend
​ ​in ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​describe case
order ​aims ​to ​decrease ​to the ​ description ​theexplore ​of ​
​ ​sexual the
child ​with 5-17 ​ ​year$

the ​level cases ​of and ​prevalence. ​of c*aracteristics ​child ​old. ​abuse. ​Data of
​ ​ phenomenological chronology
​ ​ ​where

sexual ​This abuse.

​ ​Findings of this study are expec*ed ​to ​be used
ccllecting ​out ​participants ​from ​the ​through February
as ​considerations ​in the ​efforts ​to ​prevent ​the ​same cases.
​
​ arch ​using
initial ​was ​participants ​done ​thorough ​to M

IHETHOD ​of ​Birna Since

​ ​Regency March
​ ​2S13 and
​ up
​ interviews ​were ​snowball 2​ 016. ​mnvicts ​Selection rsas

​ ​August ​City, ​the 2015

Bima to ​ ​ ​Polie ​of ​West technique ​of ​canied ​child ​of ​jailed sexual personnels. ​in ​been
​Province the

grand c​ ases ​intercourses Nusa ​of d​ aughters, ​Tenggara gualitative ​Data i​ n ​abuse ​trained ​Class ​collecting ​They

​ ima
​ aba ​were ​had ​and ​was B
who ​IIB ​study ​previously. R
child h​ ad ​happened. ​sexual ​two h​ ad ​received ​step
​ roved
been ​one ​one ​experienced ​Cr.rstody. ​carried p
​ he ​victims ​daughters, e​ ight ​where r​ eparts ​were
abuse T
sexual ​cne two ​on ​one cases neighbour's proved ​girl had guilty,Thorough i​ nterviewer ​guilty ​out i​ nterviewer interviews ​and

in ​a ​been ​daughter, ​rape ​and ​handled ​case 11 ​one ​were ​memberc ​relative), ​involved
​ ere ​had ​two lawyer
who ​by w ​
 child protection unit ​The chairman of child protection ​instituticn
.l (4.5) ​
​ ​22 the
members sf ​ ​an4 ​of ​of p​ eoptre, victims,
​ ​
the ​1 ​the 1​ /a ​E\
yictim's ​
​ hey 2​ ​
victim" convicts ​victims T lnterviews ​were

​11 using Bima-lndorresian ​in by ​using Results

​ ​thematic ​
​ ​intervie\4,s ​analysis,
data sf
(children ​{mother, companions,
​
triangulation were
​ ​Data processed
​ ​method, ​verificatian
​ ​kmily ​1 ​sister, 4​ ​aunty,
order ​to ​cenvicts, ​and wivesi, 3

family ​build ​were ​a ​canied ​good ​and ​out close ​relationship. and ​which r​ aras analyzed
​ ​done was examine ​transcripts

lnterviews ​were carried ​out ​afier ​the h​ aving ​approval ​been comparing ​participants learned ​the ​the ​the ​of a​ nd audio

reliability, ​inferyiews data ​the r​ econds, sbtained ​main the ​to

​ se ​a b​ y recorder the ​participants, ​in
approved ​to u the ​ ​

process ​including ​of atrso

​ ​interviews. doing
​ ​During the
​ researchers participants. ​nates ​find ftom
​ ​fhe the
​ ​of m
​ ain
observation ​the ​interviews, and
​ ​making ​interviewers anecdote Interviews
​ ​listened tsesides, ​problern and and ​to of
​

important ​were ​notes related to the condition of interviews.

​
the searched" ​ this ​victim's
​companions, ​victim's ln

lnterviews were convicts ​the Cnstody ​quiet dcne ​of ​in c​ omer
family, study,
​ ​family,and data
​ ​yistim's verification
​ ​the

face-to-face ​child ​order of ​sexual ​ta t​ he give ​for ​hall ​abuse

lararyer, was
​ ​
victim. ​done ​victim's ​One by
​ ​victim was
45 comfort ​of ​up Class ​were ​to ​to ​50 ​llB ​interviewed ​the ​family,
intelieuued after ​being approved ​by ​the vietim's ​
minutes. Raha ​convicts. Birna ​The ​on whereas
​ ​other ​participants officjals ​who h​ andled ​the ​rehabilitation s​ f the ​victinn ​and the
were ​interviewed ​at ​hoffie, victirn herself. ​The i​ nterview w ​ as c​ amied ​CIut ​witfi the p​ resence
of officials ​wlro h​ andled ​the r​ ehabiliiation ​sf i​ he v ​ his ​was
​ iciim. T
office ​or ​places ​ihey ​wanted. ​The ​charac.tenstics ​of ​ihe
done to verify ​the i​ nformation ​since there was a ​difhrence
pariicipanis can ​be ​seen ifi Tabie ​ 'i.
betrreen ​the information given b​ y ​the convicts and infonnation
able 1​ ​Participant characteristics
(%! ​ study, ​susceptible g​ iven ​Ethies prevailing r​ esearchers
Characteristics ​n ​ Age ​{years ​old} ​<20 ​>20-30 >30-40

​ ​study: ​for gtsup ​victim's

​ ​Aspects ​of the
irnportance by ​
I​
5 ​{22.7\ ​ 3 ​i13.6) ​{36.4) ​>40-5* ​>5060 ​4 ​{18.2} 1
​ {4.S)

School 4 ​ ​{i8.2} ​Junior sin*e ​and ​of ​any ​other and

​ ​the ​ethics Ethics tamily.
​
>60 ​1 ​f4"s) ​Educatisn Elenrentary
​
Hiqh Schooi ​4 ​{18.2t Senior Hiqh School ​I ​lnirroreifir 10 ​a l,t9
​ ccupatio* ​Linemployed 5 {22.7} School ​student ​I
(45,5) ​)\ O ​ ​pariies ​subject bph
study the ​ ​in ​af ​this ​wtrich ​study as

Inirrarcifir ​ctr ​rr{ont ​nuusE ​, ​r^..-^ ​itidiu ​-^;J 3​ ​{13.6} ​1{4.5} ​I of ​of t​ he ​study the
​ ​the ​is s​ ubject ​involves study
​ ​a ​study

tt-!r,, Farmer
​ ​5 ​t22.7\ ​Business man ​2 i9.1) ​Teacher ​1{4.5}
​ taff ​of ​woman a​ nd
Public ​wsrker I ​r+.i), Lawyer ​1t4.5) S is ​guidance ​of ​is ​of ​is very
​ ​vital ​the the a
 P., ​M ​H ​S ​Vot. 12, NO. ​1, ,iA$I ​-MAR ?818
​ ​443
Cnild ​sexualabuse: ​who, when, where, why ​anc ​how?

fullboard sensitive.
​ ​Bandung ​Faculty ​
of i​ n and This
​ ​Ethire ​Medicine ​has ​study ​of got ​Health has
​ ​an ​of

approval been
​ ​Padjadjaran ​Study submitted
​ ​ ​The the
​Committee, ​from ​Univerci$ ​Efhics to ​ ​cf Health
​ Study

Comrnittee, ​The ​Faculty ​of ​Medicine ​of ​Padjadjara* ​U ​niversi$ witlr ​number ​1 ​08/t-IN6. ​C ​1 ​ 3.2J ​KEP|{PN/2016. ​that
.​

Results because ​they ​of ​they ​would ​Study: ​did ​be Most
​ ​not ​happy ​famity ​want ​to what
​ ​of ​become ​the ​their

victim ​participants ​girls a​ dmitted had experienced ​The ​victimdoer c​ ould ​relatiorship: ​happe* ​to ​*ther Almost
girls.

ali ​cases of ​sexual ​victims. abuse

​ ​Surprising are
​ done ​findings by
​ the closest ​were persons
​ ​knawn to
​ ​from
​ ut ​of ​eight cases ​of ​sexual abuse ​were done ​by ​persons vrho ​were ​the relatives
the thorough interviews ​where ​six o

of ​the ​victims. ​They were ​cousins, ​uncles, ​grandfathers from indirect ​relatives, ​and step ​fathers. The
​ doers and

victims had ​a ​long ​closer relalionship ​so ​that ​the ​crimes cornmitted by ​the ​doers ​were ​not ​may ​mather suspected
​

reasori ​Sie "​ The not

​ ​a ​used say
​ ​girt direct
​ ​why afren ​has that
​ ​ta by
​ ​I relative.
​ ​a c​ ame the
​ ​*ad ​came she
​ ​blaod family.
​

​ ​Sie ​relatian ​my ​my grandchild.

is ​a ​ta to ​very my ​ ​is ​clase ​fiosss ​hoase, also
​ ​wrth ​relationship my
​ ​because ​me, and

Tbe ​neighbour, ​th*ugh ​that girt

​ ​she ​with ​was aN
​ ​she knew ​her. you
​ ​her ​fie i​ s

​0ecause ​s{rspecf the

thatwe ​were ​a ​family." ​(Dser) My
​ husband ​to ​wny ​each ​
t ​ id ​ofier ​not and
d ​ ​ ​Time: b​ ​re ​attt ​).

Sexual "​ ​{Dceis ​abusers wifei

​ ​gid ​they is
​ ​t*is a​ family. ​are {while ​a They
​ ​family, ​taking were
​ ​fiaf ​a ​are ​always
loeking for the clase
​ ​was ​deep right time
​ to act. Momings, afiemoons or ​evenings ​are the chosen ​monnents ​for ​them ​to

commit sexuai ​abuse. ​They ​on t​ he ​always ​suncunding find ​the conditic* ​n'rost ​suitable ​and ​the ​time absence

depending ​of other

​ ​did f​ amity ​'Somefimes ​not fumily
​ ​were ​go fo in ​ ​schooL ​horne ​came house.
​ ​*ot ​she the ​ ​and ​Af

​ ​f ​Places ​houses. did

in ​ffiese the ​*erpare*fs ​maming moraenfs, ​were b​ ecause all ​wa*ing, ​cf ​she my so ​ ​of rf-
​ ​lt ​
"

Action: ​iDoer) ​can ​be ​Places ​tlqe ​doefs ​of ​aciion ​house, ​are house,
​ empty houses, ​cn ​the ​mountain, ​usually ​the

in ​empty victim's tfie

​ ​toilet ​and ​in ​the fields. ​"t ​did it ​in ​my ​hause ​becaux ​there ​was ​no ​ane ​in ​my ​house ​Frequency at
​
 that ​of irne"
​ ​Sexual ​{Doer} ​Abusa: A
​ lmost all victims of ​getting sexual
​ ​by the abuse
​ ​
abusers ​ ​so
​repeated do

not ​abuses" that dare ​the to

​ ​Findings tell
​ ​victims the
​ crime ​are ​ ​pote*tially ​study showed that
​ in ​ihis committed
​ ​

there were some cases repcrted by the ​victims However, ​so most that the victims ​abusers ​did c​ ould ​not r​ eport

be ​soon ​the b​ usted- ​cases ​because they were threatened by ​the ​abuserc. ​As ​a
resutt, ​the ​victims ​were ​repeatedty ​abused. ​The frequency ​"My ​daughter range
​ ​Wd of
​ ​me abuse
​ ​fhaf was
​ ​s&e 2
​

​ ​to ​sexually 7​ ​times. ​abused ​Wife's f​ or manied.

uras up ​ ​Stimes ​Occupatian: The
​ ​{white *iives
​ e​ rying}" ​Most

tinie-consuming ​{Thevictim's ​of t​ he ​abusers ​activiiies ​mother} ​{45.4Yo} ltave

​ are ​their where ​given ​commit ​wives

​ arkets their ​tfeir a​ busers

more ​they ​sexual ​opportunities ​worked ​spent ​abuse. ​most ​in t​ he The ​to ​of m

​ dmitkd ​in
husbands ​time ​or a so ​the to t​ hat ​freely fields that the abusers
​ ​-l wife
​ ​afren warked
​ ​stayed had
​ the ​i*

​ ​opportunity ma$<et ​ala*e and

hame the ​ ​to ​in commit
​ ​the my
​ ​morning chitdren
​ sexualabuse. ​since wext
​ ​rny ta
​ ​urere

$exual admitted
​ ​trreir ​
others schaol"
​ ​ anid ​experience ​{Doer} that
​wives m ​ ​ ​and tftey ​they ​6
​suffered so

were were ​{Exc*se}: often

​ ​
from ​not ​nol ​masturbaH, ​sexually ​sexual Most
​ ​Out ​of ​manied ​sered ​11

divergences abusers,
​ ​and ​abusers ​well ​some ​by 5

{hypersexual}. ​,easafi olrc:e

​ ​"My breath).
​ ​wive a​ month ​why My
​ ​did ​t wife
​ ​did because
​ ​ ​it served ​ta I​
​*ot and

​ ​only ​ehitd wife

tfie my ​ ​rfie had
​ ​was ​{white ​welf. sexual
​ quite ​
Iliaf taking
​ ​ ​s d​ eep ​ffie her
​mfero{rrse ​old, ​was a ​

towards sexual ​Economy ​children ​particularly desrie

​ ​the ​when {
​ Exeuse}: ​for danger
​ ​had ​chiidren. ​getting been
​

potentiallvhich Money de*reasi*g ​maney P

​ arents' plays
​ ​from I​ ack a​ ​badly." ​might great ​sf o ​ ​awareness
​ ther be

{Doer} role ​faed ​people in

​ ​life, by ​dcers makes ​It (B7.Selo) childrcn ​lirc ​ ith susceptible ​given findings
​ ​ is ​i* ​ ​ w ​

​ ​this ​being ​io ​the s​ fudy ​sexually ​victirns where ​abused. ​so m
mo*ey ​i* of ​ asi that ​they ​preferred ​wanted ​to benefit
​

keep from
​ ​silent victirns,
​ ​because however
​ ​ ​got victims
​they the ​ ​some money.
​ ​"l ​k*ew ​that h
​ e ​ofien ​gave ​rrroney ​ta

my ​girtr ​so ​sfie was

​ happy fo ​see ​him ​would that
​ ​I ​have ​additianal let
​ this ​happen" and ​I ​pxket was
​ ​get ​nat ​with ​ilE

aware ​ney. the

​ ​hape ​My that
​ ​ t​ hat wauld ​was she
​faulf it ​ ​ta endanger
​ ​r*y g
​ irl. my ​
​ wished
​ ​I girl. I​ ​never ​offier
 imagined ​parerfs fhis
​ ​wa{$d wautd
​ ​be happen
​ ​
mare ​Opportunity aware
​ ​af ​this {white ​(Excuse!: cryingf
​ ​Sexual

{vidim's ​abuse r'*cther}

​ ​ ot ​always ​happen because ​the ​abuser has already got ​a ​wish ​ar: c​ pportunity ​to ​do it.
​does n

lt can ​which happen

​ ​supports because
​ ​ ​to abuser
​hirn the ​ ​do ​it- ​Just has
​ because ​somehdy ​has ​already got ​a ​wish

to ​csmrnit ​sexual ​having abusers

​ ​abuse ​
an ​admitted ​opportunity. does
​ ​that ​not mean ​they ​
​ ​that ​the not
On did ​ ​he
have ​san ​contrary, do
​ ​a ​it ​wish ​without ​some to
​ c*n:mit ​sexual abuse, but they got an ​oppcrtuni$ that ​supported

​ ​jusf ​happened ​was them

iouse 1t ​ ​ ​cammit withaut ​and ​the ​eny ​nabody crime.
​empty to ​

plan. ,4f ​was fhaf

​ ​home time,
​ ​my ​but me-{Doer}
​
​2018
444 ​P ​J ​M ​I-l ​$ ​Vol. ​12, ​NO. ​1, ​JAN ​- MAR
​
lndrayani, ​Rini ​llendari, ​Nandrg Indryana et ​al.

​ ​.already ​but ​t ​horse ​was ​had had

aga "{ ​ ​ ​nat htentia*
​empfi an ​ ​ ​d* ​# ​srrce a ​Iong ​fi*re ​gof ​the ​fie
​g*t ​I fo

​ hen ​do ​my ​d.' ​expeilence (Doer)

appartunity. apportunity ​So ​fo w ​ ​ ​from to
​Desirc ​periad ​period ​period cf ​ ​tar

searching ​experience ​teenagers- ​children ​ ​ changes. ​{Excuse}: ​During ​grown and

some self-identi$
​ to ​ ​ ​the

up, Adolescence
​ ​it ​ ​ ​*rilt a​
Without is​ ​teenagers ​transformation a​ very critical ​good is
understanding ​and ​well ​seff-guidance, ​the c​ hanges ​turn r​ nay result ​wilt ​affect ​in ​teenagers' ​their ​behayisurs,
sexual ​deviation ​rnsriners which ​a*d ​in attitudes.
​ ​lt i​ s ​in l​ ine ​with f​ indings ​ol ​this s​ tudy, ​where few abusers were
still ​in adolescence period. One ​of ​the abusers admitted ​that ​he committed ​sexualabuse ​because ​he ​wanted ​to knaw

lrow ii felt ​to ​have sexual ​ald. ​i*tercourse. ​'l d

​ id ​lt ​it ​happened ​when ​lwas ​since ​some ​years was ​sfi?I ​in ​Junior

​ ​should a​ ​sexual con$equence

have ​I was ​ ​do ​intercourse ​it. ​At ​ ago" ​High lS ​years and ​ but ​Schaal. ofren ​ago-
2​ I​
tfie ​I ​gid ​I ​had ​was ​this ​only curiousity ​5 ​yearc masf{rrbafed ​I ​when ​I rcally ​wanted ta h​ ad ​no ​idea ​witlz ​whon

​ ​cammittinE ​sexual abuse fo ​a ​girt. ​t ​feel regreffed now." ​Technology

that time, ​I did ​nat ​know that there of

techn*logy globalization. ​and {Excuse}: ​lt i​ nformation ​is ​like ​two-edged ​{Boer) ​The is ​rapid one ​k*iie

characteristic ​development ​which ​has ​af ​cf t​ eenagers ​teenagers. videos ​One ​poiensial ​impacts group ​and ​to t​ o

deviate ​Misuse ​their ​give ​which ​the ​ease ​both ​future ​is ​af ​their ​susceptible negative ​to ​technology ​life.
 access ​sexual ​Dissemination and ​to ​them ​behaviour. ​will ​positive globalization ​give ​make ​impacts. ​of s​ erious

Some some ​porn is ​sexual technclogy abusers ​had ​were provided teenagers ​thenn ​with ​who ​irnagination

​ handphone. then, ​tum, ​I ​my ​aften ​watched desire ​life. ​He ​watehed ​said ​ta
admitted that ​cf their
​ ​"Firsf, sexual
​ I​ ​

yideos ​ from ​ intemet ​ and

​ ​suclr ​have ​he ​yideos ​
pam that got ​sexsal ​itfram ​ from rsferccurse
​ intemet. ​ my f​ nend's ​
in ​
Since ​uras ​ getting and
​ ​Family both
​ ​child ​monitoring bigger
​ ​{Excuse}: social
​ ​and life,
​ of ​bigger." what
​ Parents' ​as

​ ​lack ​changes ​watch ​of c​ hild ​in ​of the ​monitoring, ​child intemet ​bdy, ​manner ​and ​behaviour
well children ​{Doer} as

and cornplaints make cases ​of ​sexual abuse ​too ​late ​to ​detect. ​As ​a ​result, children have
​ ​enfrusfed ​Her ​"l ​am ​parents

​gid ​mother *c
​ ​repeated ​i* us
to ​not suffer
​ ​the ​her w
​ arked from
​ ​ ​another ​but since
​ ​sexual ​her she
​ ​pravi*ce" aunty.

​ ​We years
abuse" ​taas ​Her 3 ​ ​realized parents ​ofd. ​we that ​ did net ​in give
​ ​wartced we ​ ​the nce enauglt
​ ​freids.

​ ​knawing her
attentian ​Afrer ta ​ Beca*se ​what happened
​ ​ as ​only ​for ​4
​to ​her ​chifd, ​her parents went ttome ​but ​it w
days. ​Then, they Iefi ​artd ​went ​to ​work ​agarn. " ​(Victirn's family)

Divorce ​psychological ​is ​n*t ​dissrders ​only ​the ​cause ​b*t a​ les that
​ ​the increases
​ ​reason ​child ​why ​children

"tt husband.
​ ​ ​! ​second never
​would ​is ​my are ​ susceptible ​do ffiis fo ​maniage to
​ experience ​afier ​divorcing sexual
​

abuse. ​ffiy e​ x- my
​ suspecfed ​gitt. ​He t​ hat ​c*ce ​rny ​srd s​ eco*d ​that ​he ​hasband ​laved ​Alcohol my
​ ​girt ​like

​ ​omr cf:dd."{Victim's ​Alcohol plays ​a mother}

(Excuse!: llis ​ ​ ​sta*ed sexual
​biE ​role ​in ​cases of ​ ​trom violation.
​

drinking Some
​ ​alcohol" Gtses
​ ​of ​Almhsl rape
​ were ​influences initially
​ ​one's ​show ​mental ​high ​leuel ​and

physical ​of a​ gressicn ​capacity. ​when ​One ​u*der ​tends ​the to influence
​ of ​alcohcls2. ​The same cases can be

​ ​Some 4
found ​committed ​in ​this study. by ​ en ​sexual whe*
​ m ​ ​abuses they
​ were ​and ​rapes under
​ ​were the
​
influenee ​"f ​dfd ​nof ​of ​ttti*k ​alcohol.

a*yt*ing ​when raping ​the ​girl ​because ​gallan we

​ ​Lver6 ​of drunk.
​ ​Soffie. tffe
​ ​We coJJected
​ ​drank ​ firofiey ​up. ​
it ​ t
ta ​often buy
​ ​met a​ ​S-litre ​my kier:ds
​ ​ta ​drink ​fogefher-"{Doer} ​Appearance ​they ​Therefore. ​they ​urere ​were

tempted provoked ​it {​ Excuse}: ​is i​ mportant ​by ​tc ​the Scrne
​ ​coqnmit ​for ​girl's ​abusers ​ffte ​the sexy ​parents

crinre admitted
​ ​appearance. because ​ that ​pay ​ask attentlon
to ​ ​ ​ ​girls tfieir
​their ta ​ ​ girls'appearance.
to ​ ​wear
 clothes ​which Farents
​ ​would need
​ ​not to ​
​ provoke ​"I ​was ​interestred men ​tc ​commita ​in ​her &ecaase ​srime. ​s&e

unas beautiful ​and ​sexy. Moreover, beca$se

​ ​it ​had ​I had ​a ​great ​desire heer
​ ​long since fhe lasf ​fme ​ta ​have t​ ​sex

made ​lave ​sexual ​victims abused"

​ ​Revelatian ​with ​abuse ​told Some
​ ​my ​of ​wife-" ​their was
​ ​case: o​ thers ​family
(Doer)

revealed According ​t*ld ​soon their​ ​in ​various ​after tc

​ grandmothers the ​being victims'family,
​ ​ways. ​sexually
$ome after b​ eing ​abused repeatedly. ​l-lawever, ​there were some victims who prefened to keep ​silenl ​There were ​also

cases ​something ​pregnani. when

​ ​ ​neighbaurs ​fumily ​happening ​realized suspected
​Some ​wrong the ​ ​
ts t​ hat ​their

​ ​must ​after was

there a​ ​girl ​girl who ​ ​be ​watching ​usually ​becCImes their
​ ​girl's ​changing ​ sad ​girl af
a​ ​ behaviaur.

​ ​victim ​ssme complaints ​about ​pain in her ​genihal- ​"My ​girt ​did ​not ​want ​to ​tell ​me or ​my ​husband
or ​she has The ​

abaut ​it ​*ightmares, becanre

​ ​hecalrse ​efisure happen
​ ​ s​ he ​her ​sad ​that ​se was
​to ​her a ​ ​lffe and ​I scared"
​ ​w€

scspecfed made
​ ​resfiess ​were ​efforfs ​However, ​here gid
​ ​that ta
​ ​and ​to appraacfl.
​ ​sfte ​sonethi*g help sfie
​
​ prablem. ​srnoe Wzen ​sfie I​ ​knew ​Finalfy, ​this, ​she ​I t​ zad ​been ​fe{t
cfianged ​afien ​solve ​her ​might ​and ftad and the

​ ​sex*eJ abuse. ​was ​a ​#seiess rnather a&ffsed marzy ​times ​{crying}." ​{Mctim's ​lf;anagement
fold ​like ​us aboof ​I fhe
mother) ​
of ​Yictim: ​Based ​on ​the ​results of ​thcrough ​interviews, ​it ​uras ​knonn ​that t​ he ​handling ​of ​child sexual
abuse started frorn ​repcrts ​of cases, then

​ ol. ​X2, ​NO. ​1, ​JAN ​ MAR ​2*18 4​ 45

P ​J ​M H ​S V
-​
Child ​sexuaiabuse: ​who, when, where, why and how?

the pclice ​uriit ​of woffian ​and ​child ​prstestion would do an investigation. ​Results ​of ​investigation ​would ​be ​followed

"After ​re*iving u​ p by the ​a repart, ​court" ​the ​case will ​be ​investigated ​by ​the po*be ​working ​fogefier w
​ itlt ​child

protection ​rnsfrfufjsi?. ​Rre res.rlf ​woutd ​be t​ he* ​folfawed ​up by ​traumatic ​experience ​the ​Each ​caurt." ​victim

levelsJoq (\rtctim's
​ ​lovu-medium ​of ​sexual lawye$
​ ​medium, ​abuse ​tmurnatic ​and ​experiences ​high. ​level ​Children

tend ​various ​to ​who be ​treated ​by their ​owrr ​family since ​the ​rehabilitation centre
​ Tenggara, is in ​which ​Mataram

is lar ​Crty, ​away the ​Province ​from where ​of ​West t​ hey ​Nusa ​live. ​are ​rehabilitation ​rehab'ilitation ​Department

However, ​all t​ reated c​ hildren ​and ​ edium-high ​in

​ ith ​Department ​works ​experts m
​cenire ​centre ​by w
Mataram who ​together ​of t​ raumatic ​work ​with ​Cih/. ​in ​Social level ​The the ​Education ​in handling
​ ​"The

chitd cases
​ ​lras of
​ ​been child
​ ​handled violation.
​ ​by S
​ ociaI ​Department ​remave ​Nexf, a​ nd ​Mataram. treated
​ ​that

​ ​child ​sfie ​can ​Sfie give*

been ​rehabilitatian ​now ​she ​given ​the and ​ ​Salies ​treatment ​goes ​eentre. ​live ​wiiJ

​her ​ta ​gei ​witt ​a ​Howeve4, chitdhood ​a ​Traditional ​focusing therapy ​special ​
traumatic. special
​ ​ be P​ regnant

taken s​ ame ​u*til ​normally- attentia* ​an M

​ aslem v​ rbfms ​they ​the ​ffire f​ am#rbs ​tc give
​ ​effafis ​Scfroal SJrc ​
by

wilt e​ nsure birth.

​ ​ias a​ re ​the be ta ​ln ​lntervention ​wilting ​to ​adapt ​to t​ he ​abuser: b​ abies." ​Sentences {Mctim's

companion) ​applied ​to t​ he ​ionvicts ​classificatisn (​ strengthening ​of ​sexual ​ and ​or a​ buse ​commutating)-

ofrer ​vary ​depending ​supporting ​Not ​en ​all ​the ​sexual proofs ​case abuses
​ are c'ommitted by adults, some are

​ ​teenagers ​law ​upholders, ​{<18 years

committed ​for by ​ ​particularly otd}.
​ ​in This
​ ​Bima creates
​ ​
Regency ​a diliema ​and

far ​the and

​ ​Bima ​"The victim ​the senf
​ ​
City. ​ ​wanted jait.
handting ​case ta ​ ​af ​&ased Meanwhile,
​ ​child ​the ​
er b​ oy
cases ​laws (​ canvicg custady
​ ​ ​be not
​is a ​af d​ r?lema. ​child f​ o is ​ ​Parenfs senfencec ​pfitection. apptieahle
​ ​of

Mareave4 ​that ​the e​ ustody. ​and he ​u ​nde ​r ​is ​llowever, ​abuser ​allowed ​Eima ​wfio ​daes ​to ​the ​play ​is not
​ ​boy stitt ​and

​ ​chitd a*y
have ​gefs ​a he ​ ​afso ​a sup*wisian.
​ ​" ​{Victim's cornpanion} chitd
​ ​is ​senf custody
​ ​ ​special ias
​to a​ dult so ​

fiee ​treatment access

​
DISCUSSION ​All ​cases ​of ​sexual abuse ​in ​Birna, ​West ​Nusa ​Tenggara, ​involved ​girls as victims. The same

cases were also reported ​by ​Dhaliwal ​et al. ​that ​the ​higher ​femalese. prevalence ​public ​health. ​Child ​of cases ​This

​ as ​big ​to ​prnoblem ​in ​long ​grsup tenn ​of of emotional

sexual ​is ​of ​nat ​sexual ​abuse cnly ​abuse ​is r​ elated ​a w

​ eurogical, ​it
impact ​of ​violatian ​development, on ​child ​but n ​has also ​cognitive ​given ​and a

viciims serious ​increase, ​prevention ​Besides, corisequence ​all yyhich ​

​ ​ ​ the t​ heir pr*gramsm' govemmenfs
will ​lives, hinder
​ which ​the ​
34. inyestalion
​ ​family, s$:or.lld
​ ​
cast ​Soci*t1/s ​and b,e ​ ​bome ​the
​ ​budgeting of
 poliry ​lack s​ cciety. by
​ ​and ​will the
​ ​of ​child underctandifig
​ ​ the ​which issue
​sexual abuse on ​ results ​are not in
​
more ​reprteds, cases
​ ​ f ​Moreover, most cases ​of ​child sexual abuse ​are ​not ​well relationship ​recognized ​and
​s. o

and dependence ​handled3T ​because ​hc'tor ​bebueen of the ​close ​the victim
​ ​and the ​abuser ​as ​found ​in ​this ​study, ​and

lack ​of supporting It ​is ​of ​vital ​prcofu ​irnp*ant ​to help ​tro ​revealsuch ​identifo ​the ​cases. ​case as early ​as ​victims.

​ rder ​mentaldiscrders$-s ​cl'liidhood ​to ​prevent ​by a​ rc

experiences having possible serious ​F,s i​ n ​in ​proven o

​ the ​increase ​of ​psychotic

previous r​ elated ​vyolse ​and impacts ​to studies, g​ ive ​the ilsk i​ rnpact ​to ​bad ​the ​of to

riskal" ​Case ​identifieation ​can ​ ​ ​child ​will

and ​be ​attitude done
​ by observing ​because changes
​ ​children of

behaviour ​generally experience

​ physical and social ​distulrbances ​such as ​depression, ​having ​no t​ rauma,

self-onfidence, ​restless, change ​disorientation of diet ​of p​ attern, ​self- identity, ​!n ​accordance pain in w
​ ith ​pelvis,

the ​and findings self-hurtingll' ​*f ​

17-n, ​25, ​%, ​N ​- ​this study, ​sorne victim's
​ ​change parents
​ ​sf ​behaviour identified
​ ​ard

the ​attitude cases

​ ​shorn. by
​ ​observing ​But ​if ​this the
​ ​way ​sfudy n
​ euroimaging ​is ​may n​ ot effctive ​become

proof ​for ​such ​an ​can ​altemative ​an ​be i​ dentificatian, ​used ​option ​ta ​
irnaging ​support where ​shows

change adrenaline rnediation.

​ the As
​increase ​that on ​
​
​ ​axis ​response ​*ild revealed ​risk ​toward ​bad ​
of ​of
by ​becer*ing ​experiences ​hypcthalamus-hypophysic- endocrinclogy
​ ​stress, t​ herefore ​depresslon*e' ​cause sfudy
​

it whiclr
​ ​ ​Distt-rrbance ​cf ​emotional ​develcpment ​is ​also ​related ​to ​extrerne functional ​and strudurai
​sktic ​may a3.

changes wt,ich may ​is ​assumed ​last ​for years ​that ​it ​untilthe ​is ​related children ​to ​limbic become ​hypersponsive

​ ​thsse decrease
adults. ​lt ​to and ​ ​ ​hyppocampal ​have
​who of ​bad ​experiences volume
​ which ​
in ​
happen ​their

ehilhsod#. ​and i​ nvolved Hyppocanrpal

​ ​
in ​the r​ egulation is​ ​very ​susceptible of
​ ​ ​stress
​hypothalamus- tc
hypophysic-adrenaline axis" Results ​of ​studies show that
​ ​to also
​ ​smaller depression
​ ​seen ​i* ​volume the
​ ​and

subject ​of post

​ ​hypp*ampal4s's which
​ ​ ​of ​related ​this being
​traunratic ​has stress ​the ​risk ​and are ​ ​is ​depressed
 Depressed ​or patients
​ ​experiencing show
​ ​post smaller
​ ​traumatic volume
​ ​st'ess4?' 4s.
​ ​of ​hyppocampal ​when

experiencing ​sexual abuse ​in ​stirnulant ​their ​smaller ​mediation ​pre hypenesponsive ​depressions. childhcad€.

​ exual ​amygdala ​hyppocarnpal between ​is ​volurne in ​ahuse ​line

volume ​and ​of ​relation ​smaller ​This ​af S

with ​pre ​of tswards ​is ​disturbanm hyppccar*pal ​can ​Rao's ​also ​become ​related ​study ​negative and ​that to ​in ​a
446 ​P ​J ​M H ​S ​VoI. ​12, ​NO. ​1, ​JAN ​- MAR
​ ​2018

healthy adults witheut ​hist*ry ​of ​mental ​disorders. ​These

imaging ​study ​which s​ how ​high r​ esponsivity ​of a​ mygdala
towards negative stimulant ​prove ​to ​be ​related t​ o the
neurobiologicsl ​characteristics ​can b​ eccme ​the s​ ign ​of
il, ​
characteristic ​of a​ nxietys, ​ leve! ​of ​depresslc*s, ​and
increasing ​susceptibili$ ​ef e​ motir:nal ​disturbances4. ​The
​ hich supports ​pracessing ​of negative
cognitive ​bias w ​
next ​findings ​of i​ maging ​which ​are o​ fren ​described ​to s. ​
stimulant6x, ​ Though some children ​do not ​experience ​long

patients ​who ​are d​ epressedsl# ​o!' ​having ​post term ​mental disorders related ​tro ​sexual abuse, ​and ​the

proportion ​af ​children ​who ​experience long ​term

traumatic ​stressss ​show ​hypenesponsive ​amygdala
mentaldieorders ​is ​significant, ​it is assumed that ​one- ​third ​up ​to
towards n​ egative emotional
​ stimulant. Amygdala is central
haro-third ​of them will ​get ​better f​ rom ​tirne ​to t​ ime without any

structure ​in ​processing ​series ​ ​tenn ​conseguence o

​ n
of l​ imbic emoticnff ​which treatmentls. ​However" ​there ​is ​a long
​
population ​who do ​not ​get any ​treatment^ ​This ​may last until

is ​critically involved ​in ​rapid ​processing ​especially they are grcwn ​up ​so ​that ​it w
​ ill give additio*al ​burden ​ts

stimulant related ​to t​ hreatB" ​l-lyperactivi$ ​af the ​health ​treaiment system in order ​to ​take care ​of ​those who
are depressed, who are ​trapped ​into drug abuse, ​who are
​ ​given
amygdala ​is ​also r​ elated ​to p​ atogenetic ​of m
​ ajor depression,
​
​ ay ​cause ​processing ​of ​negative emotion6l'62" ​lt ​is ​in in-house ​treatnent, ​and wfro ​are h​ aving ​other ​mental health
which m

Iine ​with ​Dannlawski ​et ​al. study ​which ​suggested ​thet ​ca$es problems6T. ​The ​impacts ​may ​csntinue ​for t​ he ​next

generation ​where children of ​depressed parents ​may ​have

of ​sexual abuse ​and ​childhsod ​depressicn ​eould ​be
​ iolence ​by ​their ​parents
greater risk ​of ​being ​exposed ​to v
mediated ​by ​hyperresponsive ​amygdalae. Results ​of
or ​through genetical ​tendencf. ​No ​matter ​big ​the ​prablern
and ​the ​increasing ​awareness ​af s​ ocial ​high cost ​of cohlcLustoH ​Child ​sexual abuse ​mn ​happen ​to
handling ​are, prevention ​of ​child violatron ​is ​not ​the ​political
anybdy, anytime, ​anywhere ​and ​it c​ an ​be ​committed ​by
​ most countries, lt ​mn ​be proved ​by ​the findings ​of
prior*y in

anybody. Parents need ​ta ​do ​better ​menitoring ​on ​their

this ​study where ​upholders ​faced ​a d​ illema ​in ​handling
​ ore careful ​in c​ hoosing c​ hild environment,
children, ​be m ​
certain case$ ​since there ​was ​fio ​government and teach ​them ​how ​to ​get ​he*p ​when they are sexually

abused. Besides, it ​is ​necessary to ​give p

​ arents e​ ducational
regulation ​which could ​be ​applied ​for: ​particular convicts.

​of cases can ​improve ​early sex ​education ​lor

Considering ​that ​the ​right handling
​ ​ ow ​to introduce
program ​on h ​

child ​life ​quality ​in ​the ​future ​and ​save ​the ​country children and ​how ​ta ​identify ​child c
​ ha*ging ​of b​ ehaviour

budgets, ​primary ​prevention ​should ​be c​ onsidered as ​well ​as p​ articuiar ​lalvs which ​rryulate ​sanctions ​for
intportant ​and urgent ​and ​it ​needs ​to ​be ​given rnare ​We would like ​to
​ child ​gxualabuser. Acknowledgmen8:
​
atle*ticns'8. ​Various approaches ​of ​psychosocial t​ reatment thank ​Mr. ​H" M
​ . ​Qurais ​H. ​Abidin ​as ​the ​Mayor ​of ​Bima ​and

Mr. ​l-1. ​Ahmad H. ​Dahlan, S.Kep, Ners, M.Pd ​as The ​Head ​
which ​focuses ​more ​on the ​handling ​of s​ yrnptoms of of
negative ​chitdhood experienees ​have ​been ​proven efiective ​ta ​this
​ Yayasan Harapan ​Bunda ​Bima ​wha ​have supported ​
ntany patients. Therefore, ​such ​handling
stud$ ​Tincirayani,
he ​Head ​aRini ​Official Officers
nd l-{endari, ​of ​Class
​Ftandry ​lncryana e​ t ​a​ll.lB ​Raba

Birna Custody ​who ​have ​given ​prrnission to ​the ​researcheye

shsuld ​be ​available ​more ​in s​ ervice ​units e​ f
rehabilitation centresal. to ​canduct ​this ​study; ​The ​Police ​and ​Child Prote*tian

lnstitution ​that ​haye helped

​ the researchers ​tro c​ crnplete ​this
RESEARGH SIGHIFICANGE
Findings ​of this study were able ​to ​describe ​how ​childstudy. ​
Author Centributions: ​ll a​ nd NI ​made ​the ​ccncept ​of
sexual a​ buse ​happend. ​This can ​be ​used as feedback for
parents ​so ​that ​they can be more ​aware ​of ​both child environmentthe strdy, ​data processing and analysis- ​ and ​NI conducted
ll ​ ​
and changes ​of b​ ehavioum, manners and attitudes. The
the ​thoro*gh ​intervieus. ​ll ​made ​the ​initial ​draft ​sf ​tlre
govemment ​an a​ lso ​use ​it a ​ nsideraticn ​i* f​ crmulating
​ s ​a m
n'ranu*ript. ​tl, ​RFl, ​MD and ​OT ​were involved ​ ​ln
the ​policies ​to ​prevent ​sexual ​abuse. ​The ​fsrmuiatisn ​ef
csfitributing feedbacks and ​revision ​af the ​final m
​ anuscript.
policies related
​ to ​the ​handling of child sexual violence ​can ​be
based ​on ​these findings.
 findings ​af ​a ​;17- ​year prmpec*iue study of officialiy recorded and self-reporbd
and ​approvalto ​the
Ail a​ uihors have read, ​given comments
​
chiH ​abuse ​and ​negleoi. ​ChiS Abrse N​ egl.
final manusedpt ​Competition ​lr*erw{s : ​All ​authors ​state
1998:2?{tl):1SF76. ​3. F​ teming ​J, ​ftdulbn ​P, ​Bamrner ​G. ​A ​$tudy ​ef
that ​they have
​ ​no ​ccmpeting ​interests within this ​study"
pote$tial risk ​fa€fors ​for s​ exual abuse ​in c​ fiildhood. C
​ hiU A
​ buse ​Negl-

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