In the experiment of extraction and drying an aqueous solution .

we need to perform liquid-liquid

extraction process.in this case, we want to separate the immissible solvent, and in this experiment is
water and ether. Usually in extractions the uses of the water is because of the water itself is highly
polar and immiscible with most organic solvent.the uses of the ether in the extraction is because of
the ether itself is high volatility, make it ideal for the use as a non polar solvent in this process.

Then we had to put anhydrous magnesium sulphate that act as drying agent. Drying agent is an
inorganic salt. The function of the anhydrous mgso4 is to pull the water from organic layer.it is
because the concentrated salt solution will become more dilute and the salt has stronger attraction
to the water than organic solvent.

After performing the liquid liquid extraction, we had separated the aquoes solution and organic .

Then we further the experiment by doing distillation process. In this process we want to separate
the mixture of toluene and ether by using gravitational filter funnel. We distillate ether from the
solution because of ether has low boiling point compared to toluene which is ether has 34.6 c while
toluene has 110.6 c.

The finding from our experiment show that we had collect 13.4ml of ether and 20.2 for toluene.
When we performing percentage of recovery of both solvent, it show that ether has 22% while
toluene has 135%.

Error might happen while we conducting the experiment until that we got more than 100% for the
percent recover for toluene. What can I identify back the error that might happed are when first,
when the process of separating the immiscible solution in the process of liquid-liquid extraction. We
might extract a little bit of organic solvent because of the wrong position on controlling the tap.

Beside that. We used high volume of heater in the process of heating the solution.this is because, we
need to use slow volume of heater so that the temperature supposedly increase one degree in the
between one or two minute gap time. But in our heating process, the time taken to increase until 50
c just take less than 2 minute.

Other than that error might be occurred because of the equipment do not fix well. That can lead the
vapour get out between the gap. And this thing might effect the volume of ether that we wanted.