IN THE FULLFILLMENT OF CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT 1

COURSE: MGN 206

SECTION: RQ 1708

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR.VISHAL SOODAN

SUBMITTED BY REG.NO ROLL.NO.

JUHI KUMARI 11716436 62

RINKESH RAJ 11716442 59

MANISH KUMAR 11714833 37

SHUBHAM KUMAR 11714542 51

 AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF FACILITATING
CONDITION ON BEHAVIOUR INTENSION IN
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY

CONTENT

 PEER RATING
 INTRODUCTON
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 REFERENCE
 PEER RATING
JUHI KUMARI 10
RINKESH RAJ 10
SHUBHAM KUMAR 10
MANISH KUMAR 07
 INTRODUCTION
Technology acceptance issue has been occupying a central location within the
literature regarding instructional technology. this can be chiefly associated with
growing interest in desegregation technology into room settings in Associate in
Nursing attempt to foster learning further as advancing students’ downside finding
skills through utilizing technology. Towards this finish, policy manufacturers have
set technology integration because the crucial a part of instructional reforms whereas
beholding academics because the major vehicles of this method UN agency can carry
technology into lecture rooms (Schlechty,2001). Teachers’ level of technology
acceptance, therefore, has been considered one in all the key determinants of such
agenda. As Martin (2000) puts it, while not teachers’ acceptance of technology, it's
nearly not possible to develop instructional technology comes. this can be as a result
of academics ar each gatekeepers of technology and therefore the most important
sources of delivering info within the lecture rooms. this study makes an attempt to
check a model that predicts the extent of technology acceptance across pre-service
academics at the education departments in Turkey. It sets dead set any our
understanding concerning however perceived simple use and perceived quality
impact teachers’ acceptance level of technology. There are numerous models
developed for desegregation technology into instructional settings, one in all that
and the most well liked is Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). tam-o'-shanter
gained quality across researchers rapidly with the assistance of empirical support
significantly returning from the fields of business and education. However, this
model couldn’t realize the maximum amount area in education because it did within
the business field, probably thanks to the nature of instructional organizations that
have a lot of complicated and indefinite dynamics and have porous boundaries as
compared to obviously structured and well-defined business organizations. Besides,
instead of scrutinizing structure issues of desegregation technology into instructional
settings, there exists an inclination towards blaming teachers’ autonomy for nearly
all breakdowns of integration method (Hu, Clark, & Ma, 2003; Timothy, 2009). On
the opposite hand, tam-o'-shanter provides a very helpful theoretical tool in
understanding however teachers’ technology acceptance level impacts technology
integration. Davis, Bagozzi & Warshaw (1989) 1st introduced the tam-o'-shanter as
a theoretical extension of the speculation of Reasoned Action (TRA). TRA
congregates beliefs, attitudes, norms, intentions, and behaviours of people and
asserts that these are all connected. in keeping with this model, a person’s behaviour
is set by his/her behavioural intention of activity it. This intention is itself determined
by the person’s attitudes and his/her subjective norms towards the behaviour (Ajzen
& Fishbein, 1980). for example, the cap (see Figure 1) proposes that there are
3 main factors predicting laptop use: Perceived utility, perceived easy Use, and
Intention to Use (Milleri, Rainer & Corley, 2003). Perceived utility could be a belief
that if an individual uses an explicit technology, this will facilitate increase his/her
job performance. this can be grounded on the proposition that individuals would tend
to utilize associate degree application once it's helpful in playacting his/her tasks.
within the case for lecturers, technology use in classroom settings would be
perceived as helpful once a coach develops a belief that this can facilitate him/her
teaching and having additional management over information group action (Hassan
et al, 2011). On the similar background, perceived easy use refers to each intrinsic
and adventitious motivations towards exploitation technology. individuals with high
intrinsic motivations towards employing a technology might underestimate the
difficulties that the usage of a certain technology entails (Fagan, Neill,
&Wooldridge, 2008). supported the Social psychological feature Theory of Bandura
(1997), self-efficacy qualifies the arrogance levels of individuals regarding handling
a selected tasks and their capability of influencing events moving their daily lives.
“It is usually according that people with higher self-efficacy understand tough tasks
as meaning challenges, despite the actual fact that others might realize similar tasks
discouraging (Tsai, Chuang, Liang, & Tsai, 2011,223).” The notion “facilitating
conditions” corresponds to the kind of support that the people get with the aim of
moving their use of technology (Venkatesh et al., 2008). Facilitating conditions
might be numerous in accordance with the settings and kind of technology
application. As for lecturers, accessibility of technology training programs,
knowledge, supporting services might be counted as facilitating conditions.
Facilitating conditions play a vital role on each infusion and adoption of latest data
systems. for instance, in a study exploring WAP services adoption behaviour in
Taiwan, it's found that facilitating conditions square measure one amongst the
critical factors influencing the adoption behaviour (Lu, Chun-Sheng, & Chang,
2005).
 LITRATURE REVIEW

Richard and Adrian (1996) refer to behavioural intentions in the gaming industry as
a function of the location of the casino, its physical attributes, the games offered at
the casino and the extra amenities of casino employees. Jacoby and Chestnut (1978)
indicate that behavioural intentions are generally generated through service quality
and satisfaction. A successful delivery of customer satisfaction plays a key role in
the survival and long-term profitability of casinos because of the intense competition
in the gaming industry (Mayeret al., 1998; Morgan et al., 2005. The quality of the
service outcome has a positive impact on overall service quality perceptions. The
most widely known and discussed scale for measuring service quality is
SERVQUAL, originally developed by Parasuraman et al. (1988). Wannenburg et al.
(2009) have applied SERVQUAL to measure service quality in the gaming industry.
Interaction quality, Physical environment quality, Outcome quality, Overall
perceived service quality.

Personality refers to psychological qualities that contribute to an individual’s

enduring and distinctive patterns of feeling, thinking, and behaving (Pervin and
Cervone, 2010). Among a diverse array of perspectives on personality, the trait
perspective has been dominant in behavioural studies, particularly those employing
the BFF (McCrae and Costa, 1999). The five factors of the BFF model include
neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, and
conscientiousness. Consumption emotions, SC was found to influence hotel guests’
satisfaction significantly. Hospitality guests’ emotional responses can be both
positive and negative. Hospitality research overall, studies have emerged that utilize
personality in explaining customers’ cognitive evaluation and emotional responses
customer satisfaction and post-purchase behavioural intentions. SC theory the role
of others in a specific environment as a source of comparison information.
Mouradian and Olver (1994) tested the influence of mood disorder on certain
negative emotional aspects of consumerism and noted a significant relationship.
The demographic queries were probed with a five-point Likert-type scale. The
questionnaire items were originated in English and were translated into Korean by a
professional translator. The data was collected by Data-collection procedure and
sample characteristics. The sample was ensuring by 58% male. The total sample, 47
percent were 30 years old or younger while 42 percent were aged between 31 and
50 years old, with 11 percent indicating that they were more than 50 years of age.
The data analysed by SPSS 19.0. The data also analysed by multiple regression
analysis.

The objective of the study was to examine the relationships between restaurant
quality attributes and customer behavioural intentions. There is no universal
standardization of these segments, there have been a number of suggestions related
to this classification. The restaurant quality attribute is recognized that customers are
more likely to evaluate their post-purchase experiences at the attribute rather than
product level. The previous research has shown the food and service quality Is
important. This is a key predicted the customer loyalty. It’s also shown the effect of
food quality how it is positively affecting the customer. Kim recognized that
atmosphere, interior design, light in ganddinin garealay outwere crucial dimension
so frestaurant ambience that influenced customer perceptions and behaviours.
A customer informs friends, relatives and colleagues about an event that has created
a certain level of customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. A customer is highly
satisfied with a service and has a desire to share this positive experience with other
potential customers. Previous studies have shown a positive relationship between
quality, customer satisfaction and behavioural intentions. Research has shown that
food quality positively influences a customer’s dining experience. A number of
previous studies have shown a positive relationship between service quality and
behavioural intentions. The food quality is increase customer behavioural intentions.
In the study independent variables has selected. The prior studies related to
restaurant attributes and customer behavioural intentions return intentions and word-
of-mouth were selected as the dependent variables for this study. The type of
restaurant and the level of quality attribute were manipulated for all three study
independent variables (restaurant food, service and ambience quality attributes). The
prior studies used only two levels of attributes.
The service scape is probably the most widely used term to refer to the influence of
tangible and intangible cues on consumers. There are three other appellations that
are commonly used to describe the same concept, these being; atmospherics,
environmental psychology and store environments. The first term popularly used is
“environmental psychology”, and those that coined this expression are not
surprisingly, from a psychology background. The second term used in the literature,
“atmospherics”, can be traced back to Kotler’s seminal article in which he argued
that atmospherics is “the conscious designing of space to create certain effects in
buyers”. A final dimension which is frequently cited in the literature is the role of
hygiene and cleanliness.
This paper finds that it is more appropriate to model the service scape as a separate
construct which precedes service quality thus highlighting a need for a demarcation
to be made between these important constructs. In addition, the authors find that
design is a significant contributor to behavioural intentions further confirming the
necessity to manage service environments in order to generate repat1ronage
behaviours. The authors both propose and operationalize this model and in doing so
make a theoretical contribution by demonstrating how a delineation between these
two constructs is necessary in order for theory to progress in this area.
There is three methods are including.
Study context: This was a logical approach as it allowed us to sample individuals
who had used the service in the time immediately before completing the survey.
Interviewers were graduate students who were trained and observed. A variety of
sources, however as there were no items to reflect certain aspects of the service
environment, these were created by the authors. A pilot test was run which validated
these items.
Data analyses and results: Data collected from respondents was analysed with
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling. There are no
problems were noted here we proceeded to follow Anderson and Gerbing’s (1988)
recommended two-step approach to assess the measurement model.
The report suggested that globally the total greenhouse gas emission from industry
is three times that from residential consumption. The environmental issues are
largely thought to be caused by human behavior they may be tackled by changes in
human behavior. This paper presents research that develops and applies a measure
based on the theory of planned behavior) to explore intentions to improve
environmental behaviors in a workplace setting. A review of studies focusing on
energy consumption reduction found that most research had focused on the domestic
sector. Research context, Survey development process (Participants, Facilitated
workshops, Selection of behaviours for analysis, One to one interview, Creation of
items, Piloting of questionnaire) Administration of final questionnaire (Final
content, Participants and procedure, Psychometric analysis of TPB constructs and
behavioral intentions in the questionnaire) Statistical analysis.
Objective of this study is to incorporates a variety of explanatory variables; those
originating from the basic model of UTAUT: performance expectancy, effort
expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions. According to the UTAUT
model should be enriched with additional determinants, such as task technology fit
and individual constructs. Among these latter constructs, autonomy is taken into
account by the present research as it is considered to be an important variable in
acceptance of technology by its users. In the UTAUT model, consider four
constructs directly influencing behavioural intentions and usage of technology:
performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating
conditions. It provides extensive descriptions for each of these variables. Facilitating
Conditions refers to the degree to which a student believes that an organizational and
technical structure exists to support use of the system. This construct captures the
concept of perceived behavioural control, facilitating conditions, and compatibility
from previous models or theories. The UTAUT model includes two constructs that
would influence usage of technology: facilitating conditions, already defined in a
previous paragraph, and behavioural intentions to use technology. The research
design was based on a multicentre cross-sectional study. Four acute-care academic
settings were selected for the study: two university-affiliated hospitals and two
teaching hospitals, all located in Montreal, Canada.

The aim of this study was to examine psychological factors which could influence
acceptance of the webinar technology by undergraduate business students. Based on
the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, this study tested a
theoretical model encompassing seven variables: behavioural intentions to use
webinar, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, general social influence, peer
social influence, facilitating conditions and autonomy.
Universities offering online courses are putting a lot of effort into ensuring that
online students are as satisfied as those attending face-to-face courses. Student
satisfaction with online courses depends on faculty qualities (communication,
feedback, preparation, content knowledge, teaching methods, incentive,
accessibility and professionalism), technology and interactivity. Moreover, students
view the possibility of interactions with faculties and with other students as very
supportive to their learning. Other authors confirm these results and add that
synchronous interactions increase student satisfaction with online courses. The
direct effects of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, general social
influence, peer social influence, facilitating conditions and autonomy on behavioural
intentions to use webinar as well as the moderating effect of performance expectancy
and effort expectancy.
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between facilitating
conditions on behaviour intension in use of education technology. A review of the
literature shows that the model for the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of
Technology (UTAUT) has received only limited validation in educational contexts.
This limitation led to this study to determine the applicability of the UTAUT model
with an educational perspective and to statistically explain the factors affecting
student teachers’ intentions to use interactive whiteboards.
Data were gathered with a questionnaire containing questions on demographics as
well as multiple statements regarding performance expectancy, effort expectancy,
social influence, facilitating condition and behavioural intention.
To develop a better understanding of effectiveness of blended learning (a style of
education in which students learn via online media and face to face teaching),
Educational technology use, learning achievement, Formal educational, pedagogical
factors (the amount of time spent online outside of class. There is general consensus
of the effectiveness of all forms, wide variability among studies, substantive
moderator variables have yielded any information, problems and confounds that
make them very hard to interpret, only a few substantive moderator variables have
yielded any information about what makes DE/OL and CI different. This is based
on the Research questions in the literature of technology integration, Quantitative
research on distance education and online learning, Blended learning.

It is based on entrepreneurship programs, incorporating real-life venture creation

into educational design and delivery, can bridge the gap between entrepreneurship
education and technology transfer within the university environment. To identifying
the bridging capabilities of venture creation programs across five core themes,
illustrating the potential benefits of closer collaboration between entrepreneurship
education and technology transfer in a university environment. It is based on
snowball sampling entrepreneurship education programs were identified as applying
a venture creation approach. Empirical findings were iteratively related to theory
within entrepreneurship education and technology transfer.

“Technology is an 18-essential tool for learning mathematics in the 21st century, and
all schools must ensure that all their students have access to technology”. They
devoted two studies to the integration in mathematics education, these condone
expressing that “digital technologies were becoming ever more ubiquitous and their
influence touching most, if not all, education systems”. The paper is why digital
technology in mathematics education ‘works’ or does not. The underlying aim was
to identify factors that promote or hinder the successful integration of digital
technology in mathematics education. It is based on handheld Graphing Technology,
Instrumental Genesis, Online applications, Mobile Mathematics, Teacher’s
Practices and professional Development.

To provide a rich learning experience to students, teachers need to be able to update

their skills and expertise in a safe, powerful and cost-effective This impact is based
upon self-reported measurements of teachers’ beliefs and intentions towards
learning facilitation and knowledge transmission. It is based on Instruments, Setting,
Data analysis, Participants.
To explore how technology can be used to teach technological skills and what
benefit flipping the classroom might have for students taking a college course for
introductory level spreadsheets. The flipped approach might be inferior to the regular
approach in motivating students to recognize the importance of the class materials.
We thought that the ability of good instructors to communicate the importance of
the subject matter and provide effective conceptual frameworks to help students
organize. It is based on Description of instructional approaches, Form and content
of instruction, Focus of automated assessment, Student-work environment, Class
process, Data collection and analysis.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Interaction Quality: This is primary dimension of service quality, interaction
quality, mainly focuses of how to delivered the service. The interaction quality sub-
dimensions positively affect interaction quality perceptions. That is evaluate the
component of interaction quality: behaviour, attitude and problem solving. It is
important for customer satisfaction.
Physical Environment Quality: The surrounding physical environment where the
service delivery occurs has an influence on customers’ overall perceptions of service
quality. The physical environment quality sub-dimensions positively affect physical
environment quality perceptions. The physical environment quality to measure and
report on safety.
Outcome Quality: The outcome quality, is based on what customers are left with
after the quality of services is delivered. The outcome quality is related to what is
delivered by the employee or what customers actually receive from the service
transaction. The outcome quality sub-dimensions positively affect outcome quality
perceptions.
Overall perceived service quality: The overall perceived service quality is affected
by three primary dimensions, that is, interaction quality, physical environment
quality and outcome quality. The Overall service quality positively affects perceived
value. The overall service quality positively influences corporate image. Overall
service quality positively affects customer satisfaction.
Data-collection procedure and sample characteristics: The data collection is a
research project has been defined and research design/plan chalked out. Two types
of data: primary data and secondary data. Primary data are collected afresh and for
first time and it is original in character. The secondary data are already collected by
someone else and have already been passed through statistical process. In primary
data there are many methods to collect the by observation, interview and in
secondary data we have collect by the other person. Sample is subset of population.
There four characteristics for sample age, gender, income level, and education level.
Data analysis: Data analysis is a process of cleansing, transforming, and modelling
data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and
supporting decision-making. In today's business, data analysis is playing a role in
making decisions more scientific and helping the business achieve effective
operation.
Research context: Environmental factors that may influence the research
process and/or the instructional outcomes under study including geographic
location, the physical environment, time of day, social factors, and demographic
factors. It was also keen to understand ways in which employee behaviour change
could improve its environmental performance, and to identify possible barriers
and facilitators to such behaviour change.
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