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Choked Flow of Gases PDF
Choked Flow of Gases PDF
➔
➔
Mass Air
Flow Rate Sonic Velocity Velocity
P1 P2 spheric) pressure. By maintaining a fixed in-
let pressure to the orifice and allowing the
P2 = 14.7 psia
= 0 psig outlet pressure (back pressure) to vary, there
Sonic velocity occurs for air flow when Air Velocity
0 is a range of outlet pressures over which the
P2 /P1 ≤ .528. 0
1 .528 ➔ 0
mass flow rate is fixed.
P2 /P1 – Absolute Pressure Ratio
➔
40 54.7
➔
In. Hg.
20 0.158 0.284 0.392 0.568 0.744 0.964 1.20 1.30 1.68 1.91 2.26 2.59 2.86 3.28 3.71 4.11 4.64 4.92 5.53 6.04 6.61 7.08 7.73 8.01 8.90 9.56 10.7 11.5 12.1
Vacuum Level
Choked Flow
30 0.158 0.284 0.392 0.568 0.744 0.964 1.20 1.30 1.68 1.91 2.26 2.59 2.86 3.28 3.71 4.11 4.64 4.92 5.53 6.04 6.61 7.08 7.73 8.01 8.90 9.56 10.7 11.5 12.1
Orifice
Diameter 0.035 0.037 0.038 0.039 0.040 0.041 0.042 0.043 0.047 0.052 0.055 0.060 0.063 0.067 0.070 0.073 0.076 0.079 0.081 0.086 0.089 0.094 0.096 0.100 0.104 0.109 0.113 0.120 0.125
Inches
Size
Number 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 47 52 55 60 63 67 70 73 76 79 81 86 89 94 96 100 104 109 113 120 125
Cv 0.028 0.031 0.032 0.033 0.036 0.038 0.039 0.041 0.048 0.059 0.068 0.081 0.088 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.37
1 7.37 8.12 8.75 9.45 9.75 9.90 10.6 11.4 13.6 17.0 19.9 23.7 25.9 30.1 33.6 35.9 39.3 43.0 46.0 49.7 53.7 60.2 63.7 69.8 75.2 83.9 91.4 101 106
5 16.3 18.0 19.3 20.6 21.6 22.5 23.9 25.6 30.1 37.3 43.0 50.6 55.3 64.2 71.6 76.5 83.5 91.3 97.5 108 116 131 138 150 162 180 195 216 229
10 22.5 25.0 26.5 28.8 30.5 31.4 33.1 35.6 41.0 51.9 57.4 68.2 74.6 86.2 96.6 103 112 121 131 144 153 172 181 196 216 237 250 286 314
15 27.8 30.7 32.6 35.4 37.5 38.6 40.5 43.2 50.0 62.9 69.7 82.6 90.3 104 117 125 136 147 158 174 185 207 218 235 261 286 303 345 377
20 32.4 36.0 38.4 41.5 44.3 45.3 47.7 50.9 58.7 74.2 82.0 97.3 106 123 138 146 160 172 185 203 216 242 256 275 305 335 354 403 445
25 37.5 41.5 44.1 47.9 50.9 52.3 54.9 58.5 67.6 85.4 94.5 112 122 141 158 168 183 198 212 233 248 278 292 316 347 381 405 464 511
30 42.4 47.0 50.0 54.2 57.6 59.3 62.3 66.3 76.3 96.6 107 126 138 160 179 190 206 222 239 265 280 314 331 356 392 432 458 525 578
40 52.5 58.1 67.2 67.0 71.2 73.3 76.9 82.0 94.3 119 132 156 170 196 220 233 254 273 295 324 343 384 405 439 483 532 566 648 714
50 62.5 69.1 73.7 79.7 85.0 87.5 91.7 97.5 112 142 157 185 202 233 261 278 301 324 347 384 407 456 481 523 576 634 672 771 850
60 72.7 80.5 86.0 92.8 99 102 107 113 130 165 182 214 233 269 301 320 347 375 400 445 473 530 559 606 667 735 780 894 985
In. Hg.
20 13.8 15.2 16.2 17.4 18.3 18.8 20.0 21.1 24.5 30.5 33.7 39.4 46.8 54.0 60.2 66.1 71.8 78.0 83.5 91.7 99.0 110 115 125 135 148 160 180 195
Vacuum Level
Choked Flow
30 13.8 15.2 16.2 17.4 18.3 18.8 20.0 21.1 24.5 30.5 33.7 39.4 46.8 54.0 60.2 66.1 71.8 78.0 83.5 91.7 99.0 110 115 125 135 148 160 180 195
Standard Conditions 70°F, 14.7 psia SCFH – Standard Cu. Ft. Per Hour Above data obtained with Type B restrictor. Flow rates for other metal restrictors
are
SLPM – Standard Liters Per Minute essentially the same as for Type B. Above data supercedes previous publications.
P.O. BOX Q • TRUMBULL, CONNECTICUT 06611 • CT PHONE (203) 261-6711 • TOLL FREE PHONE (800) 533-3285 • FAX (203) 261-8331
© O'KEEFE CONTROLS CO. • 2000 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • e-mail ca@okcc.com • website www.okcc.com
Metal Orifice Air Flow – SLPM
Orifice
Diameter 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.024 0.025 0.026 0.027 0.028 0.029 0.031 0.032 0.033
Inches
Size
Number 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 33
Cv 0.00035 0.00061 0.00086 0.0012 0.0015 0.0019 0.0025 0.0028 0.0034 0.0038 0.0043 0.0050 0.0055 0.0067 0.0073 0.0080 0.0088 0.0096 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.019 0.022 0.024 0.025
1 0.035 0.064 0.086 0.127 0.170 0.226 0.280 0.308 0.398 0.45 0.52 0.61 0.66 0.77 0.86 0.96 1.05 1.13 1.29 1.41 1.54 1.67 1.91 1.95 2.21 2.39 2.65 2.88 3.03
5 0.09 0.16 0.21 0.30 0.40 0.52 0.65 0.71 0.92 1.06 1.21 1.41 1.54 1.76 1.98 2.22 2.47 2.65 2.97 3.24 3.53 3.83 4.34 4.44 4.94 5.31 5.86 6.42 6.80
10 0.12 0.22 0.31 0.43 0.57 0.74 0.93 1.01 1.29 1.48 1.68 1.95 2.01 2.26 2.54 2.83 3.16 3.53 4.33 4.75 5.18 5.55 6.15 6.43 7.18 7.83 8.63 9.40 9.98
15 0.16 0.28 0.39 0.54 0.72 0.93 1.17 1.26 1.62 1.85 2.10 2.44 2.50 2.85 3.23 3.57 4.01 4.41 5.35 5.93 6.43 6.95 7.58 7.95 8.78 9.58 10.6 11.6 12.3
20 0.19 0.33 0.46 0.65 0.85 1.10 1.38 1.49 1.92 2.19 2.49 2.87 2.97 3.40 3.86 4.26 4.84 5.22 6.35 6.95 7.58 8.15 8.90 9.28 10.3 11.2 12.4 13.5 14.3
25 0.22 0.39 0.53 0.75 0.98 1.27 1.59 1.71 2.20 2.50 2.86 3.28 3.42 3.92 4.45 4.91 5.59 6.01 7.30 7.95 8.65 9.38 10.2 10.7 11.7 12.8 14.2 15.4 16.3
30 0.25 0.44 0.60 0.85 1.12 1.43 1.80 1.93 2.47 2.82 3.21 3.69 3.87 4.43 5.03 5.56 6.33 6.81 8.23 8.98 9.75 10.6 11.5 12.0 13.2 14.4 15.9 17.3 18.4
40 0.30 0.54 0.74 1.05 1.38 1.77 2.21 2.37 3.04 3.45 3.93 4.51 4.78 5.47 6.21 6.85 7.81 8.42 10.1 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.1 14.7 16.1 17.5 19.4 21.1 22.5
50 0.36 0.65 0.88 1.26 1.65 2.10 2.62 2.80 3.58 4.07 4.64 5.31 5.70 6.51 7.40 8.15 9.26 10.0 11.9 13.0 14.2 15.4 16.6 17.3 19.0 20.7 22.9 25.0 26.6
60 0.42 0.75 1.02 1.46 1.91 2.42 3.02 3.23 4.13 4.70 5.34 6.13 6.61 7.56 8.58 9.46 10.7 11.6 13.8 15.0 16.4 17.7 19.2 20.0 21.9 23.8 26.4 28.8 30.7
In. Hg.
20 0.075 0.134 0.185 0.268 0.351 0.455 0.566 0.614 0.792 0.902 1.07 1.22 1.35 1.55 1.75 1.94 2.19 2.32 2.61 2.85 3.12 3.34 3.65 3.78 4.20 4.51 5.05 5.45 5.72
Vacuum Level
Choked Flow
30 0.075 0.134 0.185 0.268 0.351 0.455 0.566 0.614 0.792 0.902 1.07 1.22 1.35 1.55 1.75 1.94 2.19 2.32 2.61 2.85 3.12 3.34 3.65 3.78 4.20 4.51 5.05 5.45 5.72
Orifice
Diameter 0.035 0.037 0.038 0.039 0.040 0.041 0.042 0.043 0.047 0.052 0.055 0.060 0.063 0.067 0.070 0.073 0.076 0.079 0.081 0.086 0.089 0.094 0.096 0.100 0.104 0.109 0.113 0.120 0.125
Inches
Size
Number 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 47 52 55 60 63 67 70 73 76 79 81 86 89 94 96 100 104 109 113 120 125
Cv 0.028 0.031 0.032 0.033 0.036 0.038 0.039 0.041 0.048 0.059 0.068 0.081 0.088 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.37
1 3.48 3.83 4.13 4.46 4.60 4.67 4.99 5.36 6.43 8.04 9.40 11.2 12.2 14.2 15.9 16.9 18.5 20.3 21.7 23.5 25.4 28.4 30.1 32.9 35.5 39.6 43.1 47.8 50.1
5 7.67 8.48 9.09 9.70 10.2 10.6 11.3 12.1 14.2 17.6 20.3 23.9 26.1 30.3 33.8 36.1 39.4 43.1 46.0 51.1 54.9 61.9 65.0 70.8 76.6 84.8 92.1 102 108
10 10.6 11.8 12.5 13.6 14.4 14.8 15.6 16.8 19.4 24.5 27.1 32.2 35.2 40.7 45.6 48.5 52.9 57.3 61.6 67.9 72.3 81.0 85.5 92.3 102 112 118 135 148
15 13.1 14.5 15.4 16.7 17.7 18.2 19.1 20.4 23.6 29.7 32.9 39.0 42.6 49.3 55.3 58.8 64.0 69.4 74.5 82.1 87.3 97.8 103 111 123 135 143 163 178
20 15.3 17.0 18.1 19.6 20.9 21.4 22.5 24.0 27.7 35.0 38.7 45.9 50.1 58.0 65.0 69.0 75.3 81.4 87.3 95.6 102 114 121 130 144 158 167 190 210
25 17.7 19.6 20.8 22.6 24.0 24.7 25.9 27.6 31.9 40.3 44.6 52.8 57.7 66.7 74.7 79.3 86.4 93.5 100 110 117 131 138 149 164 180 191 219 241
30 20.0 22.2 23.6 25.6 27.2 28.0 29.4 31.3 36.0 45.6 50.4 59.7 65.2 75.4 84.3 89.5 97.4 105 113 125 132 148 156 168 185 204 216 248 273
40 24.8 27.4 31.7 31.6 33.6 34.6 36.3 38.7 44.5 56.3 62.2 73.6 80.3 92.7 104 110 120 129 139 153 162 181 191 207 228 251 267 306 337
50 29.5 32.6 34.8 37.6 40.1 41.3 43.3 46.0 52.9 66.9 74.0 87.4 95.4 110 123 131 142 153 164 181 192 215 227 247 272 299 317 364 401
60 34.3 38.0 40.6 43.8 46.7 48.1 50.3 53.5 61.5 77.7 85.8 101 110 127 142 151 164 177 189 210 223 250 264 286 315 347 368 422 465
In. Hg.
20 6.50 7.17 7.63 8.22 8.66 8.87 9.46 10.0 11.6 14.4 15.9 18.6 22.1 25.5 28.4 31.2 33.9 36.8 39.4 43.3 46.7 52.1 54.4 59.0 63.8 70.1 75.3 84.9 92.2
Vacuum Level
Choked Flow
30 6.50 7.17 7.63 8.22 8.66 8.87 9.46 10.0 11.6 14.4 15.9 18.6 22.1 25.5 28.4 31.2 33.9 36.8 39.4 43.3 46.7 52.1 54.4 59.0 63.8 70.1 75.3 84.9 92.2
Standard Conditions 70°F, 14.7 psia SCFH – Standard Cu. Ft. Per Hour Above data obtained with Type B restrictor. Flow rates for other metal restrictors
are
17
SLPM – Standard Liters Per Minute essentially the same as for Type B. Above data supercedes previous publications.
P.O. BOX Q • TRUMBULL, CONNECTICUT 06611 • CT PHONE (203) 261-6711 • TOLL FREE PHONE (800) 533-3285 • FAX (203) 261-8331
© O'KEEFE CONTROLS CO. • 2000 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • e-mail ca@okcc.com • website www.okcc.com
Sapphire Orifice Air Flow – SLPM 18
Orifice
Diameter 0.0012 0.0016 0.0020 0.0024 0.0028 0.0031 0.0035 0.0039 0.0043 0.0047 0.0051 0.0055 0.0059 0.0063 0.0067 0.0071 0.0079 0.0087 0.0094 0.0102 0.0110 0.0118 0.0126 0.0134 0.0142 0.0157 0.0173 0.0189 0.0205 0.0213 0.0228 0.0252
Inches
Size
Number 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 40 44 48 52 54 58 64
Cv 0.000030 0.000053 0.000090 0.00012 0.00017 0.00022 0.00028 0.00035 0.00042 0.00050 0.00061 0.00071 0.00084 0.00094 0.0011 0.0012 0.0015 0.0018 0.0021 0.0024 0.0028 0.0032 0.0036 0.0040 0.0046 0.0057 0.0067 0.0080 0.0091 0.010 0.011 0.013
1 0.003 0.005 0.010 0.014 0.020 0.025 0.034 0.040 0.050 0.058 0.068 0.080 0.095 0.106 0.120 0.139 0.161 0.194 0.259 0.275 0.300 0.340 0.393 0.446 0.499 0.677 0.822 0.965 1.10 1.12 1.38 1.69
5 0.009 0.013 0.027 0.036 0.047 0.059 0.076 0.093 0.108 0.136 0.159 0.192 0.223 0.256 0.273 0.313 0.350 0.430 0.584 0.623 0.695 0.800 0.933 1.06 1.20 1.51 1.81 2.16 2.50 2.57 3.26 4.06
10 0.010 0.016 0.036 0.049 0.065 0.082 0.107 0.132 0.164 0.193 0.228 0.264 0.308 0.357 0.382 0.430 0.480 0.590 0.830 0.868 0.968 1.09 1.27 1.45 1.63 2.01 2.43 2.90 3.32 3.45 4.43 5.58
15 0.014 0.021 0.046 0.062 0.082 0.104 0.134 0.166 0.205 0.240 0.285 0.329 0.386 0.443 0.482 0.535 0.613 0.755 1.05 1.11 1.24 1.42 1.63 1.85 2.09 2.56 3.08 3.69 4.26 4.43 5.55 7.08
20 0.016 0.025 0.055 0.074 0.099 0.125 0.159 0.197 0.243 0.284 0.337 0.390 0.457 0.525 0.569 0.635 0.730 0.910 1.25 1.32 1.48 1.70 1.95 2.20 2.48 3.04 3.64 4.36 5.06 5.31 6.55 8.33
25 0.019 0.030 0.063 0.087 0.115 0.144 0.184 0.229 0.280 0.327 0.389 0.450 0.526 0.605 0.654 0.733 0.843 1.05 1.44 1.52 1.70 1.95 2.24 2.52 2.84 3.50 4.19 5.03 5.81 6.11 7.53 9.55
30 0.022 0.034 0.072 0.098 0.132 0.164 0.208 0.260 0.317 0.370 0.440 0.511 0.595 0.685 0.710 0.838 0.958 1.19 1.63 1.69 1.91 2.19 2.52 2.84 3.19 3.96 4.75 5.69 6.57 6.90 8.48 10.7
40 0.027 0.043 0.089 0.122 0.163 0.203 0.257 0.321 0.390 0.456 0.543 0.632 0.734 0.845 0.880 1.04 1.18 1.47 2.02 2.11 2.35 2.67 3.07 3.46 3.90 4.89 5.86 7.02 8.10 8.50 10.4 13.1
50 0.032 0.052 0.106 0.147 0.195 0.241 0.306 0.383 0.463 0.542 0.652 0.753 0.872 1.00 1.05 1.24 1.41 1.75 2.39 2.50 2.78 3.16 3.63 4.08 4.59 5.83 6.96 8.35 9.63 10.1 12.3 15.5
60 0.037 0.061 0.123 0.171 0.227 0.280 0.356 0.445 0.536 0.630 0.751 0.875 1.01 1.16 1.23 1.45 1.64 2.03 2.77 2.89 3.20 3.63 4.17 4.69 5.29 6.77 8.10 9.69 11.1 11.7 14.2 17.9
In. Hg.
20 0.006 0.010 0.021 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.065 0.079 0.100 0.117 0.138 0.159 0.188 0.214 0.235 0.269 0.320 0.390 0.525 0.554 0.626 0.711 0.818 0.921 1.07 1.39 1.65 1.99 2.31 2.39 2.77 3.48
Vacuum Level
Choked Flow
30 0.006 0.010 0.021 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.065 0.079 0.100 0.117 0.138 0.159 0.188 0.214 0.235 0.269 0.320 0.390 0.525 0.554 0.626 0.711 0.818 0.921 1.07 1.39 1.65 1.99 2.31 2.39 2.77 3.48
In. Hg.
20 0.012 0.020 0.045 0.063 0.085 0.107 0.138 0.168 0.212 0.248 0.292 0.337 0.398 0.453 0.498 0.570 0.678 0.826 1.11 1.17 1.33 1.51 1.73 1.95 2.26 2.95 3.50 4.22 4.89 5.06 5.87 7.37
Vacuum Level
Choked Flow
30 0.012 0.020 0.045 0.063 0.085 0.107 0.138 0.168 0.212 0.248 0.292 0.337 0.398 0.453 0.498 0.570 0.678 0.826 1.11 1.17 1.33 1.51 1.73 1.95 2.26 2.95 3.50 4.22 4.89 5.06 5.87 7.37
Standard Conditions 70°F, 14.7 psia SCFH – Standard Cu. Ft. Per Hour Above data obtained with Type S restrictor. Flow rates for Type A, BTF, BWF, F, J,
SLPM – Standard Liters Per Minute L, P, and SF restrictors are essentially the same as for Type S.
Above data supercedes previous publications.
P.O. BOX Q • TRUMBULL, CONNECTICUT 06611 • CT PHONE (203) 261-6711 • TOLL FREE PHONE (800) 533-3285 • FAX (203) 261-8331
© O'KEEFE CONTROLS CO. • 2000 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • e-mail ca@okcc.com • website www.okcc.com