Wellbore Completion Concepts CONTENTS 1 BOTTOM HOLE COMPL2TION TECHNIQUES 1.1 Open Hole Completion 1.2 Screen or Pre-slotted Liner Completions 1,3 Cemented and Perforated Casing / Liner 2. SELECTION OF FLOW CONDUIT BETWEEN RESERVOIR AND SURFACE 2.1 Tubing Casing Flow 2.2 Casing and Tubing Row 2.3 Tubing Flow Without Annulus Isolation 24 Tubing Flow With Annular Isolation 3 COMPLETION STRING FACILITIES 3.1 Basic Completion Sting Funetions and Facilities 3.2 Additional Completion String Functions 3.3 Composite Completion String 4 COMPLETION STRING COMPONENTS 4.1 Wellhead / Xmas Tree 42. Production Tubing 43. Provision of an Annular Pressune Seal 4.4. ProvisionofaSeal Between Tubingand Packer 45 Sub-Surface Safety Valves 4.6 Side Pocket Mandrel (SPM) 4.7 Sliding Side Door (SSD) 48 Landing Nipples 49° Perforated Joint 5 WEL. COMPLETION DESIGNS 5.1 Land or Platform Based Completions 5.2. Subsea Completions SUMMARYLEARNING OBJECTIVES: Having worked through this chapter the Student will be able to: + Evaluate for a given reservoir scenario the bottom hole completion options and make a recommendation base¢ on well integrity and reservoir management requirements + Assess and recommend geom«trical configurations for drilled wellbores for both production and injection applications. + Identify, evaluate and recommend functional capability of completion strings for a variety of situations, + Describe the purpose and yeuerie operating principles for major completion equipment components, + Identify limitation of well completion sehematical designe and potential failure mechanisms/operationa problems with equipment, + Assess well safety requirements and capabilities inherent in well design.Wellbore Completion Concepts 4 INTRODUCTION inthe development of a hydrocarbon reservoir, a large number of wells are drilled and “equire to be completed, to allow the structure to be depleted. However, the drilling and completion operations are crucial tothe long te-m viability of the wells in meeting hhe specified objectives. The design and completion of both proxtuction and injection wells are required to satisty a number of objectives including: 1. Provision of optimum production/injection performance. 2. Rnsure safety 3. Maximise the integrity and reliability of the completion over the envisaged life of the completed well 4, Minimise the total costs per unit volume of fluid produced or injected, ie. minimise the costs of initial completion, maintaining production and remedial measures, Depending upon the reservoir characteristics or development constraints, the completion may be required to fulfil other criteria, e.g, to control sand production, The design of a completion can therefore be assumed to proceed concurrently at two sifferent levels. The initial intention would be to produce a conceptual design, ora series of alternatives. From these conceptual designs, one or more would be selected ‘or mote detailed development. Thereafter, a detailed design process would be >ursued with the intention of producing a completion string design which specifiesall ‘components and also assesses the sensitivity of the well and completion performance ‘0 Variations inthe reservoir data used for the desi. The fundamental design of a completion consists of four principal decision areas, namely’ 1. Specification of the bottom hole completion technique. 2. Selection of the production conduit 3. Assessment of completion string facilities. 4. Evaluation of well performance / productivity-injectivity These four decision areas, as shown in Figure 1, should provide a conceptual design ‘orthe completion of the wells. However, this design process normally is initiated on he basis of data from exploration wells and considerable uncertainty may exist as to he validity and accuracy of that data, Thus a number of alternative designs for well ‘completions will normally be selected and retained as a contingency. ‘Deparment of Perloum Enginaerng, Heriot Watt University 3