4-1-4 Star-delta starting (1) Description The star-delta starting method ie @ typical reduced voltage starting method. AA slar-della motor has six leads so that the winding can be ‘suitched to etther the star or delta connection. The motor is star connected at the time of starting, and when the motor nas reached normal speed, the winding is changed over to delta connection, + Atthe time of starting with the motor winding connected in star mode, a voltage of 1NZ_ ofthe line voltage is applied to the motor winding, ‘When motor winding impedance = Z, line voltage = E, phase 4 and fine current = 11, + Changing over trom star to deta mode alter the motor Is . The full voltage E is applied to the motor. Sines the Impedance of the motor winding is Z, = u-§ However, the ine curent eis eu SE ee ee connection tof (he ine curent in the case of dalla connection) is Namely the motor draws only one-third ofthe starting current in star connection that it does In full vokage delta starting When the starting current of a motor is 6 x In (in = full ioad current of the motor, the starting current in the case of star connection is txex Lx6xin= 2, In this case, more than 200% of full load current is not exceeded. Application and Selection 4-1 Applications to motors Since the torque is directly proportional tothe square ofthe voliage, Ta EGP Ta EP Accordingly the starting torque and starting current will be: “7B those of fll voliage starting, (2) Wiring diagrams for automatie star-cielta starting ‘Automatic star-dalta starting methods using contactors can be classified as open transition systems and closed transition systems, (@) Open transition system ‘Tiss @ popular connecting method since te cet spe and economical However, the motor is temporarily disconnected from the power ‘supply when connection is changed over from star to delta, so that a residual voltage is gonrated within the motor stator winding. ‘This voltage overlaps the power supply voltage which can be ‘expected to produce a transient inrush current larger than the starting current. This kind of large inrush current Is likely to cause trouble, such {a8 an abnormal voltage drop in an emergency power supply it, or erroneous tripping of MCCBs protecting against short circuits. Fig.14 Open transition system + S.contactor type joe ee a Onna ee eee Mca. Delt contactor Contactor [Stat [Taneifon [Run Mou Moe Mca. + Speed-currant characteristic ‘Tansiont curent et changeover switching saring ourect sat a)g Application and Selection ! 4-1 Applications to motors (b) Closed transition system In this system, resistors and a recistor circuit closing contactor ‘are added to the star-delta starler used in the open transition systam, ‘At the time of change-over, the motor will not bo disconnacted ‘rom the power supply, 60 restricting any large transient inrush eurrent, “Thus this system prevents erroneous tripping of MGCBs dus to transient inrush current. Moreover since the necessary generator capacity of emergency generating equipment is determined according to ‘the motors starting KVA, the size and the price of such ‘equipment can obviously be reduced, Fig. 12 Closed transition system + Onedine diagram tn cotter Serco tie py — NOH MOA. fos, : rescanacer itz ca ota Sao Conta [San [Ranson Fan ea [5 | Wo oA MOA Nos + Speed-curent characterise i a s0 co 68 (8) Thermal overload relay When installing the thermal overload rolays, there are two alternative methods, which differ by the location where rolaye are installed. The choiee is between line current detection and phase current detection systems as shown in the diagram below. In the line current detection system, the heater element of the ‘thermal overload relay is selected to agres with motor full oad ‘cuttent, and in the phase current detection system the element is selected to conform with a current having a magnitude of 4A of the full load current. ‘The phase currant detection system allows use of smalior thermal overioad relays than those required by the line current detection system. However, since the wire sizes of the motor circuit are the same in both cases, itis necessary to check if the wires can be connected or not before smaller frame size relays are used. 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