A

Synopsis Report on
“Noise Cancellation using Adaptive Filter”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Electronics & Communication Engineering

SUBMITTED BY:

Shubham Mishra(15EC47), Kavita Gangwar(15EC22),

Shubham Gupta(15EC46)
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
IET MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly, India

SUPERVISED BY:
Guide Name
Janak Kapoor
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
IET MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly, India
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1. INTRODUCTION
Our requirement is to design a filter which
minimizes the effect of the noise at the filter output
by using some statistical criterion. An optimal solution
to this problem is minimizing the mean square value of
the error signal. This approach of minimizing error
signal to the stationary input data is known as Wiener
Filter. But this wiener filter is not useful for non-
stationary data.
The design of wiener filter also requires prior
information on the signal which cannot be possible at
every time. So we need to find the solution for the
filter designing which do not require any relevant
signal information. Thus we go for Adaptive Filter
which meets our requirement.
2. ADAPTIVE FILTER
The adaptive filter can be defined as, a filter
which itself regulate its switch function according to
some optimizing parameter. The filter coefficients are
up-to-date at every generation until they converge to
long-established signal. Centered on the precise signals
bought, it makes an attempt to find the most excellent
filter design. In a non -stationary atmosphere, the filter
is anticipated to track time versions and range its filter
coefficients, accordingly in a stationary environment,
the filter is anticipated to converge, to the Wiener
filter.
The operation of adaptive filter involves two
processes:
1) Filtering
2) Weight adjustment procedure
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General description for the figure are given below, x(n)-

Input signal plus Noise, d(n)-Desired signal, e(n)-Error
signal, y(n)output signal.

Figure 2. 1 basic block diagram of an adaptive filter used for noise cancellation

There are some types of adaptive algorithms like

1) Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm
2) Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm

2.1 Least Mean Square (LMS):

The LMS algorithm is a linear adaptive
filtering algorithm that consists of two basic processes. The
first process is the filtering process, which involves
computations of the transversal filtering output of a produced
by a set of tap inputs and estimation error by comparing this
output to a desired response. Next, the adaptive filtering will
adjust automatically the filter tap weights in accordance with
the estimation error.
Consistent with this LMS algorithm the burden replace
equation is given in equation
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W(n + 1) = W(n) + 2 * p* E(n) *X(n)

Where, p = Step Size,
W(n)-=Weight update,
X(n) - Input signal,
E(n)- Error signal
2.1.1Flow Chart For LMS adaptive filter.

Figure 2.1.1 flow chart of LMS adaptive filter

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Figure 2.1.1shows the performance of least mean square, the

input signal X(n), and weighted signal W(n), initial weight is
zero, convolution performance is done for the values of X(n)
and W(n). The output of the convolution is subtracted from
desired signal and noise D(n).the minimum error will occur
which is moved on to the weighted block and the new weighted
is updated. In case if minimum error is zero, the output is
obtained directly